FINAL REPORT

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E. Livelihood Assessment of the Farming Population in the Buyant River Delta (J. Janzen, J. Hartwig and A. Ankhtuya; P. Myagmartseren and P. Enkhmandakh; G. Gantulga and O. Azjargal) 13. Evaluation of Field Research in the Irrigated Agriculture of Khovd sum (J. Janzen, A. Ankhtuya, andJ. Hartwig) 13.1.Introduction Khovd sum was established in 1946 as sum of Bayan-Ulgii aimag and in 1955 it became part of Khovd aimag. The sum center Dund Us is located 30 km northwest of theaimag center and the sum borders with Deluun sum of Bayan-Ulgii aimag and Duut, Erdeneburen, Myangad, Buyant, Jargalant sums of Khovd aimag. The highest point is Khavtgai Oroit Mountain which is 3,776 m above sea level. Covering 282,060 ha, the territory of Khovd sum is composed of high mountains, mountain steppe and desert steppe. The sum is divided into five bags: Apart from the sum center Dund Us there are three rural herders’ bags (Tsagaanburgas, Baruun Salaa, Bayanbulag) and Ulaanburaa bag where the majority of crop farmers are located.In 2005, 144 households (17%) resided at the sum center and 722 (83%) in the rural bags (KASY 2005). Demography, Migration, Ethnic Composition and Poverty In 2005, 4,644 inhabitants and 866 households lived in Khovd sum. It is the only sum in the aimag with a majority of Kazak. 96% of the population belongs to Kazak nationality and the remaining belong to other ethnic and national groups, like Chantuu (Uzbek), Myangad, Torguud or Khalkh. As can be seen from Fig. 43 the total population increased until 1991 and declined sharply in 1992 and 1993. This decline was caused by the outmigration of Kazaks to Kazakhstan (see Fig. 44). In the following years, some migrants returned and the population increased also due to comparably high birth rates. 16 In recent years, the population decreased again, caused by net outmigration. In 2005, 164 households (19%) were classified as poor and out of these 75 (9%) as very poor households (KASY 2005). 16 In Khovd sum the average household comprises 5.36 members, compared to 4.19 which is the average household size in Mongolia (NSOM 2006). 96
6,000 5,000 Inhabitants 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 Year Figure 43: Population of Khovd sum (1980-2005) Source:Statistics provided by the aimag administration Inmigration Outmigration 1200 1000 1025 800 Migrants 600 612 400 380 200 76 85 115 144 174 133 86 87 143 0 1989 1990 20 1991 1992 1993 27 0 1994 1995 7 9 34 3 1996 1997 0 Year 26 12 4 6 1998 1999 2 28 18 2000 2001 0 11 0 2002 2003 0 6 0 2004 2005 Figure 44: In-and Outmigration, Khovd sum (1989-2005) Source:Statistics provided by the sumadministration 97
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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MONGOLIA CEN
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TABLE OF CONTENT Summary Summary...
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15.2.5 Important Issues for Improvi
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Summary A detailed study about the
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Western Region and to a certain ext
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as physical and ecological informat
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of the SLA is the examination of th
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A separate questionnaire was used t
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Cereals Potatoes Vegetables Fodder
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years with a single extension of up
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Bayan-Ulgii Govi-Altai Zavkhan Uvs
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The aimag is divided into 17 sums a
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Herdsmen Households Total Household
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livestock fodder, and potato cultiv
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Since the mid 1990s, local resident
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In recent years, access to irrigati
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This part of the study aims to desc
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(Figure 15 and 16). The river run-o
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0 C 4,00 3,00 2,00 1,00 0,00 -1,001
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Sampling direction Map7: Catchment
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groundwater, because of an open cha
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Sewage plant channel Sewage plant c
Page 45 and 46: Results of the analysis The positio
Page 47 and 48: Three samples show a high content o
Page 49 and 50: 83 482.162.349 919.666.361 1171 Iri
Page 51 and 52: Figure 25:Investigation Area 4:Davs
Page 53 and 54: 10 110 6.45 1.202 1.156 15.6 29.2 4
Page 55 and 56: 113 482.217.440 917.812.501 1224 S(
Page 57 and 58: For the evaluation of the chemical
Page 59 and 60: IDENT. LATITUDE LONGITUDE Remarks 2
Page 61 and 62: 10.3 Soil Conditions (M. Walther) M
Page 63 and 64: 4. Determination of total content o
Page 65 and 66: 2Ag + +CrO 2- 4 →Ag 2 CrO 4 (s) M
Page 67 and 68: Materials. 0.1M NaOH Eriochrome bla
Page 69 and 70: Cadmium Current ; 8mA/0mA Burner he
Page 71 and 72: Vegetation The areas with desert st
Page 73 and 74: No: Species of Plants (Gubanov, 199
Page 75 and 76: 30 Iris lacteal Abundant Perennial
Page 77 and 78: M 64 Sonchus oleraceus Abundant Ann
Page 79 and 80: No: Life Ranges Plant Species (as E
Page 81 and 82: We compared the records on plants a
Page 83 and 84: 43 Glaux maritime Sp 1 44 Heteropap
Page 85 and 86: 35 Motacilla personata 36 Lanius cr
Page 87 and 88: ‣ As shown by the hydrological an
Page 89 and 90: Single values of the heavy metal di
Page 91 and 92: ppm Figure 31: Total nitrogen 1055
Page 93 and 94: ppm Figure 37: Heavy metal - Zn 145
Page 95: 12. Summary of Field Research and S
Page 99 and 100: Cultivation Agriculture In Khovd su
Page 101 and 102: members stay at the crop fields. Th
Page 103 and 104: Amount (t) 600 500 400 300 200 100
Page 105 and 106: Thus calculated, on average each ho
Page 107 and 108: 13.2.3 Legal Situation in Land Righ
Page 109 and 110: Concerning the question “Are you
Page 111 and 112: • support in marketing • suppor
Page 113 and 114: Inhabitants 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000
Page 115 and 116: 1995. There are cases of former neg
Page 117 and 118: products marketed in 2005/06. Farme
Page 119 and 120: Further sources of revenue were pen
Page 121 and 122: Constraints and Conflicts Concernin
Page 123 and 124: • limit import of cheap crops The
Page 125 and 126: Chantuu (Uzbek) Durvid 4% 7% Zakhch
Page 127 and 128: households and five cooperatives pl
Page 129 and 130: 15.2.2 Economic Structure and Crop
Page 131 and 132: Crops Potatoes Carrots Tomatoes Cuc
Page 133 and 134: Cooperation among households Concer
Page 135 and 136: ecause their farmlands are located
Page 137 and 138: 15. 3 Summary The main findings of
Page 139 and 140: In 2005, 3,800 households (57%) wer
Page 141 and 142: impoverished households have starte
Page 143 and 144: that they had official employment a
Page 145 and 146: In Jargalant, the number of househo
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• high land fee • machinery and
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• support in resolving problems w
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17.2 Crop farming for household and
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Photos 17-18:Crop Marketing at the
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Apart from vegetable and cereal cul
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That means that revenues from one h
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• raise import tax/bans forvegeta
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and marketing, organization of regu
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more nomadic livestock keepers depe
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unsocial way from sufficient water
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in cities of neighbouring Russian S
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MAS 1990: Information Mongolia: The
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gol Govi-Altai Janjin Boolt Khantun
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9. Budee-Land Officer of Khovd aima
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FINAL REPORT

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