NH4 distribution Fe distribution Values 1,4 1,2 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 Values 0,16 0,14 0,12 0,1 0,08 0,06 0,04 0,02 0 0 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Months Months NH4 NH 4 Fe Fe NO2 distribution NO3 distribution 0,045 0,9 0,04 0,8 0,035 0,7 0,03 0,6 Values 0,025 0,02 Values 0,5 0,4 0,015 0,3 0,01 0,2 0,005 0,1 0 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 0 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Months Months NO2 NO2 NO3 NO3 Mg distribution P distribution 12 0,2 0,18 10 0,16 8 0,14 Values 6 4 Values 0,12 0,1 0,08 0,06 2 0,04 0,02 0 0 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Months Months Mg Mg P P Figure 21: Chemical Composition (NH 4 ,Fe,NO 2 , NO 3 , P and Mg) of Buyant Gol Water(near Jargalant) in the Years 2004 (green line) and 2005 (blue line) between April and November of each year (accord. to Meteorological SurveyStation Khovd) The chemical composition of the river water measured by the Hydrological Survey Station of the Khovd Branch of the Agricultural University of Mongolia (Figures 21 and 22) does not show any inhomogenities or pollution, which hint to any water load. 25 water samples, taken in June 2006 during the field work, have been sorted from the upstream part of Buyant Gol (in the first Mountain range of Altai Mountains) passing Jargalant and then mainly taken from the projected areas. The last three samples (23 -25) have been taken from the sewage channel, which leads from the Jargalant sewage plant to the Buyant Gol. Here the water is hyper polluted, however, a lot of it is seeping into the 40
groundwater, because of an open channel system. The other nutrient values are nearly 0 or in Ce distribution SO4 distribution 14 50 12 45 40 10 35 Values 8 6 Values 30 25 20 4 15 10 2 5 0 0 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Months Months Ce Ce SO4 SO4 HCO3 distribution Ca distribution 120 35 100 30 25 80 60 Values 20 15 40 10 20 5 0 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Months 0 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Months HCO3 HCO3 Ca Ca NH2 distribution O2 distribution 5 12 4,5 4 10 Values 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 Values 8 6 4 1 2 0,5 0 0 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Months Months NH 2 NH2 O2 O2 Figure 22: Chemical Composition (CE, HCO 3 , NH 4 , SO 4 , Ca and O 2 ) of Buyant Gol Water in the Years 2004 (green line) and 2005 (blue line) between April and November of each year measured near Jargalant(after Meteorological Survey Khovd station) a very moderate spectrum. The water for the irrigation areas is absolute in a good quality and can be used for agricultural use. Another problem is the discharge amount of Buyant Gol river water. As pointed before, the discharge amount is determined by the annual thermal regime of the high mountains of the drainage basin. In any case the water does not reach the Khovd Gol, which already had been described by MURZAJEW during the fourties. Based on the data between 1967 and 2003 it is calculated an average discharge of 5.9 m3/sec, what means an annual discharge amount of 186 mill.m 3 /year. Concerning the drainage basin the figures show a discharge amount is 13 m 3 /y/m 2 . The maximum discharge amount is 9.99 m 3 /sec, the mimimum discharge amount is 3.33 m 3 /sec. It has to be taken into acount, that the position of the measure station has been 41
- Page 1 and 2: NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MONGOLIA CEN
- Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENT Summary Summary...
- Page 5 and 6: 15.2.5 Important Issues for Improvi
- Page 7 and 8: Summary A detailed study about the
- Page 9 and 10: Western Region and to a certain ext
- Page 11 and 12: as physical and ecological informat
- Page 13 and 14: of the SLA is the examination of th
- Page 15 and 16: A separate questionnaire was used t
- Page 17 and 18: Cereals Potatoes Vegetables Fodder
- Page 19 and 20: years with a single extension of up
- Page 21 and 22: Bayan-Ulgii Govi-Altai Zavkhan Uvs
- Page 23 and 24: The aimag is divided into 17 sums a
- Page 25 and 26: Herdsmen Households Total Household
- Page 27 and 28: livestock fodder, and potato cultiv
- Page 29 and 30: Since the mid 1990s, local resident
- Page 31 and 32: In recent years, access to irrigati
- Page 33 and 34: This part of the study aims to desc
- Page 35 and 36: (Figure 15 and 16). The river run-o
- Page 37 and 38: 0 C 4,00 3,00 2,00 1,00 0,00 -1,001
- Page 39: Sampling direction Map7: Catchment
- Page 43 and 44: Sewage plant channel Sewage plant c
- Page 45 and 46: Results of the analysis The positio
- Page 47 and 48: Three samples show a high content o
- Page 49 and 50: 83 482.162.349 919.666.361 1171 Iri
- Page 51 and 52: Figure 25:Investigation Area 4:Davs
- Page 53 and 54: 10 110 6.45 1.202 1.156 15.6 29.2 4
- Page 55 and 56: 113 482.217.440 917.812.501 1224 S(
- Page 57 and 58: For the evaluation of the chemical
- Page 59 and 60: IDENT. LATITUDE LONGITUDE Remarks 2
- Page 61 and 62: 10.3 Soil Conditions (M. Walther) M
- Page 63 and 64: 4. Determination of total content o
- Page 65 and 66: 2Ag + +CrO 2- 4 →Ag 2 CrO 4 (s) M
- Page 67 and 68: Materials. 0.1M NaOH Eriochrome bla
- Page 69 and 70: Cadmium Current ; 8mA/0mA Burner he
- Page 71 and 72: Vegetation The areas with desert st
- Page 73 and 74: No: Species of Plants (Gubanov, 199
- Page 75 and 76: 30 Iris lacteal Abundant Perennial
- Page 77 and 78: M 64 Sonchus oleraceus Abundant Ann
- Page 79 and 80: No: Life Ranges Plant Species (as E
- Page 81 and 82: We compared the records on plants a
- Page 83 and 84: 43 Glaux maritime Sp 1 44 Heteropap
- Page 85 and 86: 35 Motacilla personata 36 Lanius cr
- Page 87 and 88: ‣ As shown by the hydrological an
- Page 89 and 90: Single values of the heavy metal di
- Page 91 and 92:
ppm Figure 31: Total nitrogen 1055
- Page 93 and 94:
ppm Figure 37: Heavy metal - Zn 145
- Page 95 and 96:
12. Summary of Field Research and S
- Page 97 and 98:
6,000 5,000 Inhabitants 4,000 3,000
- Page 99 and 100:
Cultivation Agriculture In Khovd su
- Page 101 and 102:
members stay at the crop fields. Th
- Page 103 and 104:
Amount (t) 600 500 400 300 200 100
- Page 105 and 106:
Thus calculated, on average each ho
- Page 107 and 108:
13.2.3 Legal Situation in Land Righ
- Page 109 and 110:
Concerning the question “Are you
- Page 111 and 112:
• support in marketing • suppor
- Page 113 and 114:
Inhabitants 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000
- Page 115 and 116:
1995. There are cases of former neg
- Page 117 and 118:
products marketed in 2005/06. Farme
- Page 119 and 120:
Further sources of revenue were pen
- Page 121 and 122:
Constraints and Conflicts Concernin
- Page 123 and 124:
• limit import of cheap crops The
- Page 125 and 126:
Chantuu (Uzbek) Durvid 4% 7% Zakhch
- Page 127 and 128:
households and five cooperatives pl
- Page 129 and 130:
15.2.2 Economic Structure and Crop
- Page 131 and 132:
Crops Potatoes Carrots Tomatoes Cuc
- Page 133 and 134:
Cooperation among households Concer
- Page 135 and 136:
ecause their farmlands are located
- Page 137 and 138:
15. 3 Summary The main findings of
- Page 139 and 140:
In 2005, 3,800 households (57%) wer
- Page 141 and 142:
impoverished households have starte
- Page 143 and 144:
that they had official employment a
- Page 145 and 146:
In Jargalant, the number of househo
- Page 147 and 148:
• high land fee • machinery and
- Page 149 and 150:
• support in resolving problems w
- Page 151 and 152:
17.2 Crop farming for household and
- Page 153 and 154:
Photos 17-18:Crop Marketing at the
- Page 155 and 156:
Apart from vegetable and cereal cul
- Page 157 and 158:
That means that revenues from one h
- Page 159 and 160:
• raise import tax/bans forvegeta
- Page 161 and 162:
and marketing, organization of regu
- Page 163 and 164:
more nomadic livestock keepers depe
- Page 165 and 166:
unsocial way from sufficient water
- Page 167 and 168:
in cities of neighbouring Russian S
- Page 169 and 170:
MAS 1990: Information Mongolia: The
- Page 171 and 172:
gol Govi-Altai Janjin Boolt Khantun
- Page 173:
9. Budee-Land Officer of Khovd aima