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9. Water Utilization and the Plan to reconstruct Janjin Boolt Headwork (J. Janzen and J.Hartwig) After the dissolution of the negdels and the fodder farm in the Buyant River Delta, the Janjin Boolt headwork went out of useand decayed (see Photo 3). The irrigation plants and pipelines were privatised and, according to the local population, sold by the new owners -mainly as scrap metal to China. Even today there are still pipelines digged out and sold (see Photo 4). 30
In recent years, access to irrigation water has become the most critical issue limiting further expansion of crop farming in the Buyant River Delta. Even though the sown area is much less today than in the socialist period, irrigation water has become scarce. The main reasons are: • no more water management: inefficient channels and ditches with much water being lost and wastefulflooding techniques (see Photos 5-8) • decay of Janjin Booltheadwork, no more storage of water in times of abundance • rising demand for water in the aimag center (Jargalant sum) where population has increased significantly since 1990; on the territory of Jargalant sum, new channels to irrigate tree plantations and farmland have been built upstream at Bugat Uzuur, leading to a decrease of Buyant River water run-off downstream • decreasing precipitation and increasing temperatures and evapotranspiration in the vegetation period leads to increased irrigation need • extension of cultivation of irrigation intensive vegetables (see Tab. 4) Crop Amount of irrigation Onions 3-4 Garlic 3-4 Cereals 4 Carrots 4-5 Turnip 4-5 Potatoes 5-6 Cabbage 10 Cucumbers 10 Tomatoes 10 Melons 15 Table 4:Frequency of Crop Irrigation Source: Survey results June 2006 Farmers from Khovd sum complain that since there is not anymore organized water distribution and retention at the Janjin Boolt headwork, at least 70% of the water runs to Photo by J. Janzen, October 2006 Photo 9: Janjin Boolt under Reconstruction, October 2006 Buyant sum, although at present more farmland is cultivated in Khovd sum than in Buyant sum. According to Khovd sum’s farmers, before the decay of the headwork, the distribution of water was equal. But farmers and the administration from Buyant sum are reluctant to agree to an equal distribution of water. During cultivation 31
Page 1 and 2: NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MONGOLIA CEN
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENT Summary Summary...
Page 5 and 6: 15.2.5 Important Issues for Improvi
Page 7 and 8: Summary A detailed study about the
Page 9 and 10: Western Region and to a certain ext
Page 11 and 12: as physical and ecological informat
Page 13 and 14: of the SLA is the examination of th
Page 15 and 16: A separate questionnaire was used t
Page 17 and 18: Cereals Potatoes Vegetables Fodder
Page 19 and 20: years with a single extension of up
Page 21 and 22: Bayan-Ulgii Govi-Altai Zavkhan Uvs
Page 23 and 24: The aimag is divided into 17 sums a
Page 25 and 26: Herdsmen Households Total Household
Page 27 and 28: livestock fodder, and potato cultiv
Page 29: Since the mid 1990s, local resident
Page 33 and 34: This part of the study aims to desc
Page 35 and 36: (Figure 15 and 16). The river run-o
Page 37 and 38: 0 C 4,00 3,00 2,00 1,00 0,00 -1,001
Page 39 and 40: Sampling direction Map7: Catchment
Page 41 and 42: groundwater, because of an open cha
Page 43 and 44: Sewage plant channel Sewage plant c
Page 45 and 46: Results of the analysis The positio
Page 47 and 48: Three samples show a high content o
Page 49 and 50: 83 482.162.349 919.666.361 1171 Iri
Page 51 and 52: Figure 25:Investigation Area 4:Davs
Page 53 and 54: 10 110 6.45 1.202 1.156 15.6 29.2 4
Page 55 and 56: 113 482.217.440 917.812.501 1224 S(
Page 57 and 58: For the evaluation of the chemical
Page 59 and 60: IDENT. LATITUDE LONGITUDE Remarks 2
Page 61 and 62: 10.3 Soil Conditions (M. Walther) M
Page 63 and 64: 4. Determination of total content o
Page 65 and 66: 2Ag + +CrO 2- 4 →Ag 2 CrO 4 (s) M
Page 67 and 68: Materials. 0.1M NaOH Eriochrome bla
Page 69 and 70: Cadmium Current ; 8mA/0mA Burner he
Page 71 and 72: Vegetation The areas with desert st
Page 73 and 74: No: Species of Plants (Gubanov, 199
Page 75 and 76: 30 Iris lacteal Abundant Perennial
Page 77 and 78: M 64 Sonchus oleraceus Abundant Ann
Page 79 and 80: No: Life Ranges Plant Species (as E
Page 81 and 82:
We compared the records on plants a
Page 83 and 84:
43 Glaux maritime Sp 1 44 Heteropap
Page 85 and 86:
35 Motacilla personata 36 Lanius cr
Page 87 and 88:
‣ As shown by the hydrological an
Page 89 and 90:
Single values of the heavy metal di
Page 91 and 92:
ppm Figure 31: Total nitrogen 1055
Page 93 and 94:
ppm Figure 37: Heavy metal - Zn 145
Page 95 and 96:
12. Summary of Field Research and S
Page 97 and 98:
6,000 5,000 Inhabitants 4,000 3,000
Page 99 and 100:
Cultivation Agriculture In Khovd su
Page 101 and 102:
members stay at the crop fields. Th
Page 103 and 104:
Amount (t) 600 500 400 300 200 100
Page 105 and 106:
Thus calculated, on average each ho
Page 107 and 108:
13.2.3 Legal Situation in Land Righ
Page 109 and 110:
Concerning the question “Are you
Page 111 and 112:
• support in marketing • suppor
Page 113 and 114:
Inhabitants 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000
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1995. There are cases of former neg
Page 117 and 118:
products marketed in 2005/06. Farme
Page 119 and 120:
Further sources of revenue were pen
Page 121 and 122:
Constraints and Conflicts Concernin
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• limit import of cheap crops The
Page 125 and 126:
Chantuu (Uzbek) Durvid 4% 7% Zakhch
Page 127 and 128:
households and five cooperatives pl
Page 129 and 130:
15.2.2 Economic Structure and Crop
Page 131 and 132:
Crops Potatoes Carrots Tomatoes Cuc
Page 133 and 134:
Cooperation among households Concer
Page 135 and 136:
ecause their farmlands are located
Page 137 and 138:
15. 3 Summary The main findings of
Page 139 and 140:
In 2005, 3,800 households (57%) wer
Page 141 and 142:
impoverished households have starte
Page 143 and 144:
that they had official employment a
Page 145 and 146:
In Jargalant, the number of househo
Page 147 and 148:
• high land fee • machinery and
Page 149 and 150:
• support in resolving problems w
Page 151 and 152:
17.2 Crop farming for household and
Page 153 and 154:
Photos 17-18:Crop Marketing at the
Page 155 and 156:
Apart from vegetable and cereal cul
Page 157 and 158:
That means that revenues from one h
Page 159 and 160:
• raise import tax/bans forvegeta
Page 161 and 162:
and marketing, organization of regu
Page 163 and 164:
more nomadic livestock keepers depe
Page 165 and 166:
unsocial way from sufficient water
Page 167 and 168:
in cities of neighbouring Russian S
Page 169 and 170:
MAS 1990: Information Mongolia: The
Page 171 and 172:
gol Govi-Altai Janjin Boolt Khantun
Page 173:
9. Budee-Land Officer of Khovd aima
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FINAL REPORT

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