FINAL REPORT

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Photo 1: Watermelons Source: www.pmis.gov.mn/hovd Photo 2: Crop Irrigation Source: (Plate 10) At the beginning of the transition period, the fodder farms and negdels were dissolved and the irrigation facilitier privatised. Due to the collapse of marketing and supply channels, external support, and insufficient experience of the individual crop farmers, cultivation agriculture declined significantly until the mid of the 1990s (see Fig.13). Vegetable Potatoes Cereals Fodder Crops Total 4 000 3 500 3 000 Sown Area (ha) 2 500 2 000 1 500 1 000 500 0 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 Year Source: Statistics provided by aimag and sum administrations Figure13: Sown Area of different Crops in the Buyant River Delta (1980-2005) 28
Since the mid 1990s, local residents started to plant crops in the Buyant River Delta for household and market needs. In 2005, 925 households were registered as crop farmers in Buyant, Khovd, Myangad and Jargalant sum (Statistics provided by sum and aimag administrations). 15 For these households, cultivation agriculture has become the main source of subsistence and income, being an essential part of their livelihood strategy. While the cultivation of cereals and fodder crops did not yet recover, the cultivation of vegetables and potatoes increased year by year (see Fig. 13). The land laws which were enacted in 2003 and 2004 were important provisions in order to guarantee access to farmland and property rights. However access to irrigation water has become the most critical issue during recent years. Even though the sown area in the Buyant River Delta still is much less than in the socialist period, water has become scarce and conflicts related to water distribution are increasing. The main reasons are: - No more water management: Inefficient channels with much water being lost, inefficient flooding techniques, no water saving irrigation methods - Destruction of Janjin Boolt and connected pipelines - Rising demand for water in the aimag center (Jargalant sum) where population has increased significantly since 1990 and where at lot of water is vasted through leaking water pipes - Decrease of BuyantRiver water run-off (at least in the downstream areas) - Increasing temperatures and evapotranspiration in the vegetation period leads to increased need for irrigation - Extension of cultivation of irrigation intensive vegetables 15 According to statistics provided by the aimag administration, in 2005 in total 1,705 households were registered in Khovd Aimag as crop farmers. More than half of them cultivated in the Buyant River Delta. Another important area of irrigation is Bulgan Sum in the south of Khovd Aimag. 29
Page 1 and 2: NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MONGOLIA CEN
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENT Summary Summary...
Page 5 and 6: 15.2.5 Important Issues for Improvi
Page 7 and 8: Summary A detailed study about the
Page 9 and 10: Western Region and to a certain ext
Page 11 and 12: as physical and ecological informat
Page 13 and 14: of the SLA is the examination of th
Page 15 and 16: A separate questionnaire was used t
Page 17 and 18: Cereals Potatoes Vegetables Fodder
Page 19 and 20: years with a single extension of up
Page 21 and 22: Bayan-Ulgii Govi-Altai Zavkhan Uvs
Page 23 and 24: The aimag is divided into 17 sums a
Page 25 and 26: Herdsmen Households Total Household
Page 27: livestock fodder, and potato cultiv
Page 31 and 32: In recent years, access to irrigati
Page 33 and 34: This part of the study aims to desc
Page 35 and 36: (Figure 15 and 16). The river run-o
Page 37 and 38: 0 C 4,00 3,00 2,00 1,00 0,00 -1,001
Page 39 and 40: Sampling direction Map7: Catchment
Page 41 and 42: groundwater, because of an open cha
Page 43 and 44: Sewage plant channel Sewage plant c
Page 45 and 46: Results of the analysis The positio
Page 47 and 48: Three samples show a high content o
Page 49 and 50: 83 482.162.349 919.666.361 1171 Iri
Page 51 and 52: Figure 25:Investigation Area 4:Davs
Page 53 and 54: 10 110 6.45 1.202 1.156 15.6 29.2 4
Page 55 and 56: 113 482.217.440 917.812.501 1224 S(
Page 57 and 58: For the evaluation of the chemical
Page 59 and 60: IDENT. LATITUDE LONGITUDE Remarks 2
Page 61 and 62: 10.3 Soil Conditions (M. Walther) M
Page 63 and 64: 4. Determination of total content o
Page 65 and 66: 2Ag + +CrO 2- 4 →Ag 2 CrO 4 (s) M
Page 67 and 68: Materials. 0.1M NaOH Eriochrome bla
Page 69 and 70: Cadmium Current ; 8mA/0mA Burner he
Page 71 and 72: Vegetation The areas with desert st
Page 73 and 74: No: Species of Plants (Gubanov, 199
Page 75 and 76: 30 Iris lacteal Abundant Perennial
Page 77 and 78: M 64 Sonchus oleraceus Abundant Ann
Page 79 and 80:
No: Life Ranges Plant Species (as E
Page 81 and 82:
We compared the records on plants a
Page 83 and 84:
43 Glaux maritime Sp 1 44 Heteropap
Page 85 and 86:
35 Motacilla personata 36 Lanius cr
Page 87 and 88:
‣ As shown by the hydrological an
Page 89 and 90:
Single values of the heavy metal di
Page 91 and 92:
ppm Figure 31: Total nitrogen 1055
Page 93 and 94:
ppm Figure 37: Heavy metal - Zn 145
Page 95 and 96:
12. Summary of Field Research and S
Page 97 and 98:
6,000 5,000 Inhabitants 4,000 3,000
Page 99 and 100:
Cultivation Agriculture In Khovd su
Page 101 and 102:
members stay at the crop fields. Th
Page 103 and 104:
Amount (t) 600 500 400 300 200 100
Page 105 and 106:
Thus calculated, on average each ho
Page 107 and 108:
13.2.3 Legal Situation in Land Righ
Page 109 and 110:
Concerning the question “Are you
Page 111 and 112:
• support in marketing • suppor
Page 113 and 114:
Inhabitants 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000
Page 115 and 116:
1995. There are cases of former neg
Page 117 and 118:
products marketed in 2005/06. Farme
Page 119 and 120:
Further sources of revenue were pen
Page 121 and 122:
Constraints and Conflicts Concernin
Page 123 and 124:
• limit import of cheap crops The
Page 125 and 126:
Chantuu (Uzbek) Durvid 4% 7% Zakhch
Page 127 and 128:
households and five cooperatives pl
Page 129 and 130:
15.2.2 Economic Structure and Crop
Page 131 and 132:
Crops Potatoes Carrots Tomatoes Cuc
Page 133 and 134:
Cooperation among households Concer
Page 135 and 136:
ecause their farmlands are located
Page 137 and 138:
15. 3 Summary The main findings of
Page 139 and 140:
In 2005, 3,800 households (57%) wer
Page 141 and 142:
impoverished households have starte
Page 143 and 144:
that they had official employment a
Page 145 and 146:
In Jargalant, the number of househo
Page 147 and 148:
• high land fee • machinery and
Page 149 and 150:
• support in resolving problems w
Page 151 and 152:
17.2 Crop farming for household and
Page 153 and 154:
Photos 17-18:Crop Marketing at the
Page 155 and 156:
Apart from vegetable and cereal cul
Page 157 and 158:
That means that revenues from one h
Page 159 and 160:
• raise import tax/bans forvegeta
Page 161 and 162:
and marketing, organization of regu
Page 163 and 164:
more nomadic livestock keepers depe
Page 165 and 166:
unsocial way from sufficient water
Page 167 and 168:
in cities of neighbouring Russian S
Page 169 and 170:
MAS 1990: Information Mongolia: The
Page 171 and 172:
gol Govi-Altai Janjin Boolt Khantun
Page 173:
9. Budee-Land Officer of Khovd aima
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FINAL REPORT

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