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Crop National Output Domestic Demand Covered Wheat 150,200 tones 34 percent Potatoes 58,000 tones 42 percent Vegetables 44,500 tones 46 percent Source: GOM (2003:120) Table 1:NationalOutput and Domestic Demand Covered (2001) At present, the average foodstuff consumption, especially of vegetables, potatoes and fruits are still significantlybelow therecommendations (see Tab.2).This shows the strong need for an increased crop production and supply of the population. Foodstuff Recommended Consumption (kg/month) 8 Actual Consumption (kg/month) Flour and flour products (in flour equivalent) 11.4 9.7 Vegetables 6 1.7 Potatoes 3.6 2.6 Fruits and berries 8.4 0.4 Table 2:Monthly Adult Foodstuffs Consumption, National Average (2002) Source: GOM (2003:10) In 1997 the Government of Mongolia approved the “Green Revolution Program”, aiming at improving the production of vegetables and potatoes and at reducing unemployment and poverty in rural areas. The mid- and long-term strategy of the Government is to revive crop production, to increase harvest yields and to support irrigated agriculture, in order to ensure food security and meet domestic demands (GOM 2003:120ff.). On the institutional level, the new “Law on Land”, the “Law on Land Ownership for Mongolian Citizen“ (2003) and the “Law on Cultivation Agriculture” (2004) were implemented to allow land ownership and possession. According to these laws, Mongolian households in Ulaanbaatar are entitled to own 0.07 ha of land, in Aimag centers 0.35 ha and in sum centers 0.5 ha free of charge. Additionally land up to 30 ha for vegetables cultivation and up to 100 ha for cereal cultivation can be possessed by households on a priority base (Land Law 29.3) The laws also provide the possibility to conclude contracts on land lease with legal persons (mongolian and foreign). In general, land may be leased for a period between 15 and up to 60 8 The recommended consumption is taken from recommendations adopted by resolution Number A/318 of the Healthand SocialWelfare Minister of 1997 (GOM 2003:9). 18
years with a single extension of up to 40 years (Batsaikhan et al. 2006). The leasing fees are fixed by the local authorities. 6. Cultivation Agriculture in Western Mongolia In 2001 the Parliament of Mongolia approved the “Regional Development Concept” 9 . According to this Concept, Mongolia is divided into fourregions (Western, Khangai, Central, and Eastern) and the CapitalUlaanbaatar (see Map.2). Source: Geographical Atlas, 2003 Map 2: The Four Development Regions of Mongolia The promotion of irrigation agriculture, mobile animal husbandry, and small and medium enterprises is the priority goal for the development of the western region. It consists of the aimags Khovd, Uvs, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai and Bayan-Ulgii with a total population of 409,000. The aimag center of Khovd was chosen as primary center for the region. In 2005 78% of the regions GDP were earned in the agricultural sector (NSOM 2006:119). However, most of the products are marketed unprocessed and value adding is low. 9 see http://gate1.pmis.gov.mn/mofa/eng/?leftid=74of July 30,2006 19
Page 1 and 2: NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MONGOLIA CEN
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENT Summary Summary...
Page 5 and 6: 15.2.5 Important Issues for Improvi
Page 7 and 8: Summary A detailed study about the
Page 9 and 10: Western Region and to a certain ext
Page 11 and 12: as physical and ecological informat
Page 13 and 14: of the SLA is the examination of th
Page 15 and 16: A separate questionnaire was used t
Page 17: Cereals Potatoes Vegetables Fodder
Page 21 and 22: Bayan-Ulgii Govi-Altai Zavkhan Uvs
Page 23 and 24: The aimag is divided into 17 sums a
Page 25 and 26: Herdsmen Households Total Household
Page 27 and 28: livestock fodder, and potato cultiv
Page 29 and 30: Since the mid 1990s, local resident
Page 31 and 32: In recent years, access to irrigati
Page 33 and 34: This part of the study aims to desc
Page 35 and 36: (Figure 15 and 16). The river run-o
Page 37 and 38: 0 C 4,00 3,00 2,00 1,00 0,00 -1,001
Page 39 and 40: Sampling direction Map7: Catchment
Page 41 and 42: groundwater, because of an open cha
Page 43 and 44: Sewage plant channel Sewage plant c
Page 45 and 46: Results of the analysis The positio
Page 47 and 48: Three samples show a high content o
Page 49 and 50: 83 482.162.349 919.666.361 1171 Iri
Page 51 and 52: Figure 25:Investigation Area 4:Davs
Page 53 and 54: 10 110 6.45 1.202 1.156 15.6 29.2 4
Page 55 and 56: 113 482.217.440 917.812.501 1224 S(
Page 57 and 58: For the evaluation of the chemical
Page 59 and 60: IDENT. LATITUDE LONGITUDE Remarks 2
Page 61 and 62: 10.3 Soil Conditions (M. Walther) M
Page 63 and 64: 4. Determination of total content o
Page 65 and 66: 2Ag + +CrO 2- 4 →Ag 2 CrO 4 (s) M
Page 67 and 68: Materials. 0.1M NaOH Eriochrome bla
Page 69 and 70:
Cadmium Current ; 8mA/0mA Burner he
Page 71 and 72:
Vegetation The areas with desert st
Page 73 and 74:
No: Species of Plants (Gubanov, 199
Page 75 and 76:
30 Iris lacteal Abundant Perennial
Page 77 and 78:
M 64 Sonchus oleraceus Abundant Ann
Page 79 and 80:
No: Life Ranges Plant Species (as E
Page 81 and 82:
We compared the records on plants a
Page 83 and 84:
43 Glaux maritime Sp 1 44 Heteropap
Page 85 and 86:
35 Motacilla personata 36 Lanius cr
Page 87 and 88:
‣ As shown by the hydrological an
Page 89 and 90:
Single values of the heavy metal di
Page 91 and 92:
ppm Figure 31: Total nitrogen 1055
Page 93 and 94:
ppm Figure 37: Heavy metal - Zn 145
Page 95 and 96:
12. Summary of Field Research and S
Page 97 and 98:
6,000 5,000 Inhabitants 4,000 3,000
Page 99 and 100:
Cultivation Agriculture In Khovd su
Page 101 and 102:
members stay at the crop fields. Th
Page 103 and 104:
Amount (t) 600 500 400 300 200 100
Page 105 and 106:
Thus calculated, on average each ho
Page 107 and 108:
13.2.3 Legal Situation in Land Righ
Page 109 and 110:
Concerning the question “Are you
Page 111 and 112:
• support in marketing • suppor
Page 113 and 114:
Inhabitants 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000
Page 115 and 116:
1995. There are cases of former neg
Page 117 and 118:
products marketed in 2005/06. Farme
Page 119 and 120:
Further sources of revenue were pen
Page 121 and 122:
Constraints and Conflicts Concernin
Page 123 and 124:
• limit import of cheap crops The
Page 125 and 126:
Chantuu (Uzbek) Durvid 4% 7% Zakhch
Page 127 and 128:
households and five cooperatives pl
Page 129 and 130:
15.2.2 Economic Structure and Crop
Page 131 and 132:
Crops Potatoes Carrots Tomatoes Cuc
Page 133 and 134:
Cooperation among households Concer
Page 135 and 136:
ecause their farmlands are located
Page 137 and 138:
15. 3 Summary The main findings of
Page 139 and 140:
In 2005, 3,800 households (57%) wer
Page 141 and 142:
impoverished households have starte
Page 143 and 144:
that they had official employment a
Page 145 and 146:
In Jargalant, the number of househo
Page 147 and 148:
• high land fee • machinery and
Page 149 and 150:
• support in resolving problems w
Page 151 and 152:
17.2 Crop farming for household and
Page 153 and 154:
Photos 17-18:Crop Marketing at the
Page 155 and 156:
Apart from vegetable and cereal cul
Page 157 and 158:
That means that revenues from one h
Page 159 and 160:
• raise import tax/bans forvegeta
Page 161 and 162:
and marketing, organization of regu
Page 163 and 164:
more nomadic livestock keepers depe
Page 165 and 166:
unsocial way from sufficient water
Page 167 and 168:
in cities of neighbouring Russian S
Page 169 and 170:
MAS 1990: Information Mongolia: The
Page 171 and 172:
gol Govi-Altai Janjin Boolt Khantun
Page 173:
9. Budee-Land Officer of Khovd aima
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