FINAL REPORT

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Constraints and Conflicts 47% responded that water shortage is the main issue and limiting factor for cultivation agriculture. Downstream of the former Janjin Boolt headwork, where the Buyant River divides into several narrow streams, there is limited water availability at the farmlands. The survey showed that water availability is sufficient upstream at Durviin gazar. Here, farmers take their water for irrigation from Ulaanbogoch Spring and from the Buyant River. The main problem is that the overflow of the river is frozen during the cold season thus limiting early farming in spring. In general, households responded that there is a high demand for irrigation water at the beginning of May and during July, thus the most serious constraints appear in these months. Most of surveyed households had concrete ideas how to use water more efficient. Some farmers were blamed not to block the water channels after irrigating their hay fields, resulting in water shortage for those who cultivate downstream. In other words, the channel needs reliable blocks so that water is not wasted. The survey involved farmers mentioned the following additional constraints to crop farming: • high costfor seeds and fertilizer and herbicides • seeds and chemicals provided by projects were expired or not sufficient • high leasing cost for machinery and equipment • no sufficient storage facilities to keep harvested crops • wholesale traders pay low prices for crops and they calculate the weight to low • there are frequent conflicts with farmers from Jargalant and Khovd sum concerning the use of irrigation water from Buyant River Rehabilitation of JanjinBoolt Headwork Number of Households 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 29 13 11 Yes No Don't know Source: Survey results, June 2006 Figure 78:Support for Rehabilitation of Janjin Boolt Headwork, Buyant Sum 54% (29) of surveyed households responded that they supported the reconstruction of Janjin Boolt headwork and 25% (13) did not. 21% (11) households were indifferent(see Fig. 78). At Durviin gazar, households responded that they would not benefit from the reconstruction 134
ecause their farmlands are located upstream where water supply was sufficient. Nevertheless many supported theplan, understanding the importance of water availability for other farmers and herders downstream which would benefit directly. Those who answered they wouldn’t support the reconstruction were farmers who feared that Buyant sum would get less water afterwards or who wished to have supportto improve their channels instead. Many expressed that they would only support the reconstruction if afterwards Buyant sum gets 70% and Khovd sum 30% of the available water resources. This was esteemed to constitute the present water distribution. Officials reminded that Buyant River water is used not only by crop farmers but also by herders, whose winter and spring camps are located downstream of the cultivated land. Therefore, there is a threat to face a lack of water at those sites, leading to pastureland degradation. In addition, wetlands with shrubs along Buyant River may dry out causing ecological imbalance. Therefore, in case the facility is reconstructed,the Buyant sum wishes to have 70% of water collected in the headwork. Most of surveyed households reminded that in case the facility is reconstructed, a water distribution and decision making councilwould have to be established, as well as proper guarding. Otherwise there would be a high risk of damage and watertheft. Concerning the question “Are you willing to pay a water fee if the irrigation facility is reconstructed and other irrigation systems are built?” the great majority responded that they were not willing to pay for water. At present, they have free water access and they are unwilling to spend their little income on it. 15.2.4 Perceptions on the Physical Environment of the Buyant River Delta 98.6% of the surveyed household responded that they faced farmland degradation. They noted the increase of diseases and pests as well as decreasing harvest. 86.7% of the surveyed household responded that they observed climate changes. The following changes were mentioned: • late summer (temperature arises late in spring) • hot summers • increasing dust storms 135
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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MONGOLIA CEN
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TABLE OF CONTENT Summary Summary...
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15.2.5 Important Issues for Improvi
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Summary A detailed study about the
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Western Region and to a certain ext
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as physical and ecological informat
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of the SLA is the examination of th
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A separate questionnaire was used t
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Cereals Potatoes Vegetables Fodder
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years with a single extension of up
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Bayan-Ulgii Govi-Altai Zavkhan Uvs
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The aimag is divided into 17 sums a
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Herdsmen Households Total Household
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livestock fodder, and potato cultiv
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Since the mid 1990s, local resident
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In recent years, access to irrigati
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This part of the study aims to desc
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(Figure 15 and 16). The river run-o
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0 C 4,00 3,00 2,00 1,00 0,00 -1,001
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Sampling direction Map7: Catchment
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groundwater, because of an open cha
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Sewage plant channel Sewage plant c
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Results of the analysis The positio
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Three samples show a high content o
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83 482.162.349 919.666.361 1171 Iri
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Figure 25:Investigation Area 4:Davs
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10 110 6.45 1.202 1.156 15.6 29.2 4
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113 482.217.440 917.812.501 1224 S(
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For the evaluation of the chemical
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IDENT. LATITUDE LONGITUDE Remarks 2
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10.3 Soil Conditions (M. Walther) M
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4. Determination of total content o
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2Ag + +CrO 2- 4 →Ag 2 CrO 4 (s) M
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Materials. 0.1M NaOH Eriochrome bla
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Cadmium Current ; 8mA/0mA Burner he
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Vegetation The areas with desert st
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No: Species of Plants (Gubanov, 199
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30 Iris lacteal Abundant Perennial
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M 64 Sonchus oleraceus Abundant Ann
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No: Life Ranges Plant Species (as E
Page 81 and 82:
We compared the records on plants a
Page 83 and 84: 43 Glaux maritime Sp 1 44 Heteropap
Page 85 and 86: 35 Motacilla personata 36 Lanius cr
Page 87 and 88: ‣ As shown by the hydrological an
Page 89 and 90: Single values of the heavy metal di
Page 91 and 92: ppm Figure 31: Total nitrogen 1055
Page 93 and 94: ppm Figure 37: Heavy metal - Zn 145
Page 95 and 96: 12. Summary of Field Research and S
Page 97 and 98: 6,000 5,000 Inhabitants 4,000 3,000
Page 99 and 100: Cultivation Agriculture In Khovd su
Page 101 and 102: members stay at the crop fields. Th
Page 103 and 104: Amount (t) 600 500 400 300 200 100
Page 105 and 106: Thus calculated, on average each ho
Page 107 and 108: 13.2.3 Legal Situation in Land Righ
Page 109 and 110: Concerning the question “Are you
Page 111 and 112: • support in marketing • suppor
Page 113 and 114: Inhabitants 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000
Page 115 and 116: 1995. There are cases of former neg
Page 117 and 118: products marketed in 2005/06. Farme
Page 119 and 120: Further sources of revenue were pen
Page 121 and 122: Constraints and Conflicts Concernin
Page 123 and 124: • limit import of cheap crops The
Page 125 and 126: Chantuu (Uzbek) Durvid 4% 7% Zakhch
Page 127 and 128: households and five cooperatives pl
Page 129 and 130: 15.2.2 Economic Structure and Crop
Page 131 and 132: Crops Potatoes Carrots Tomatoes Cuc
Page 133: Cooperation among households Concer
Page 137 and 138: 15. 3 Summary The main findings of
Page 139 and 140: In 2005, 3,800 households (57%) wer
Page 141 and 142: impoverished households have starte
Page 143 and 144: that they had official employment a
Page 145 and 146: In Jargalant, the number of househo
Page 147 and 148: • high land fee • machinery and
Page 149 and 150: • support in resolving problems w
Page 151 and 152: 17.2 Crop farming for household and
Page 153 and 154: Photos 17-18:Crop Marketing at the
Page 155 and 156: Apart from vegetable and cereal cul
Page 157 and 158: That means that revenues from one h
Page 159 and 160: • raise import tax/bans forvegeta
Page 161 and 162: and marketing, organization of regu
Page 163 and 164: more nomadic livestock keepers depe
Page 165 and 166: unsocial way from sufficient water
Page 167 and 168: in cities of neighbouring Russian S
Page 169 and 170: MAS 1990: Information Mongolia: The
Page 171 and 172: gol Govi-Altai Janjin Boolt Khantun
Page 173: 9. Budee-Land Officer of Khovd aima
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FINAL REPORT

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