FINAL REPORT

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Pension and Child's allowance 8,6 % Salaries 8,4 % Animal husbandry 9 % Cultivation agriculture 73% Photo 12: Agropastoralists Photo by P. Myagmartseren, June 2006 Source: Survey results, June 2006 Figure 77: Shares of Household Income Other income sources of survey respondents Besides crop farming, 71.6% of surveyed households also own livestock, predominantly goats followed by sheep and cattle. Half of these households leave their livestock at relatives, the remaining employ herdsmen or split the workload among family members. Total revenues from marketing livestock products, amounted to approximately 430,000 MNT per household on average. Further sources of revenue were pensions and child’s allowances, amounting 392.500 MNT per household on average. Thus, on average household’s income was almost 4.6 million MNTof which 74 % were generated from cultivation agriculture, 9 % from animal husbandry and 8.6 % from pensions and children’s allowances and 8.4 % from salaries (see Fig. 77). Loans 41 households answered that they received bank loans, mostly from KHAAN, Mongol shuudan- and Zoos Bank. The loans amounted from 150,000 to 500,000 MNT with 3.5% interest rates per month. For those who have no official employment, getting a bank loan is a difficult task. Loan repayment conditions require interest payment every month and in addition, to pay the loan within the time limit, the farmers need to sell their harvest in autumn at low prices. Households with livestock cover the interest with income from cashmere and repay the loan after harvest. 132
Cooperation among households Concerning the question if they cooperate with other farmers 37 households responded that they cooperated in maintaining dams, irrigation channels and setting water blocks. At Durviin gazar they form groups of 10-20 households called “Channel group”, to set Photo by P. Myagmartseren, June 2006 up and maintain irrigation Photo 13: Cooperation in Maintenance of Channels, Buyant sum channels, schedule water use by certain days and make decisions on farming issues collectively. However, apart from those households who formed a cooperative, in general households do not cooperate in preparing land for cultivation and harvesting. During the harvest season friends, family members and relatives often join their labour force. In addition, two households from the “Tsuurai” herders’ group answered that they cooperate in livestock herding (Photo 13). 15.2.3 Legal Situation in Land Rights and Water Distribution Land titles and fees The maximum size of cropland that can be obtained by individual households in Buyant sum is three hectare. All farmers involved in the survey claimed to have alegal permission to possess land for crop farming or as hay fields. The land fee amounts to 8,000 MNTper ha for local residents and for non residents this sum it is 18,000 MNT per ha. Farmers stated that disputes exist, when fees are paid only for cultivated but not for fallow land. Need for expansion According to the sum administration, there are several households in the sum who intend to engage in cultivation agriculture if they gain access to irrigated land. 22% of surveyed households responded that they intend to expand their farmland. The main constraint to enlargement is the availability of irrigation water. Most of these households are interested in enlarging their fields up to the legally allowed maximum of three ha. 133
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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MONGOLIA CEN
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TABLE OF CONTENT Summary Summary...
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15.2.5 Important Issues for Improvi
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Summary A detailed study about the
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Western Region and to a certain ext
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as physical and ecological informat
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of the SLA is the examination of th
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A separate questionnaire was used t
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Cereals Potatoes Vegetables Fodder
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years with a single extension of up
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Bayan-Ulgii Govi-Altai Zavkhan Uvs
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The aimag is divided into 17 sums a
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Herdsmen Households Total Household
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livestock fodder, and potato cultiv
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Since the mid 1990s, local resident
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In recent years, access to irrigati
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This part of the study aims to desc
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(Figure 15 and 16). The river run-o
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0 C 4,00 3,00 2,00 1,00 0,00 -1,001
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Sampling direction Map7: Catchment
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groundwater, because of an open cha
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Sewage plant channel Sewage plant c
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Results of the analysis The positio
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Three samples show a high content o
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83 482.162.349 919.666.361 1171 Iri
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Figure 25:Investigation Area 4:Davs
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10 110 6.45 1.202 1.156 15.6 29.2 4
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113 482.217.440 917.812.501 1224 S(
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For the evaluation of the chemical
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IDENT. LATITUDE LONGITUDE Remarks 2
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10.3 Soil Conditions (M. Walther) M
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4. Determination of total content o
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2Ag + +CrO 2- 4 →Ag 2 CrO 4 (s) M
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Materials. 0.1M NaOH Eriochrome bla
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Cadmium Current ; 8mA/0mA Burner he
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Vegetation The areas with desert st
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No: Species of Plants (Gubanov, 199
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30 Iris lacteal Abundant Perennial
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M 64 Sonchus oleraceus Abundant Ann
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No: Life Ranges Plant Species (as E
Page 81 and 82: We compared the records on plants a
Page 83 and 84: 43 Glaux maritime Sp 1 44 Heteropap
Page 85 and 86: 35 Motacilla personata 36 Lanius cr
Page 87 and 88: ‣ As shown by the hydrological an
Page 89 and 90: Single values of the heavy metal di
Page 91 and 92: ppm Figure 31: Total nitrogen 1055
Page 93 and 94: ppm Figure 37: Heavy metal - Zn 145
Page 95 and 96: 12. Summary of Field Research and S
Page 97 and 98: 6,000 5,000 Inhabitants 4,000 3,000
Page 99 and 100: Cultivation Agriculture In Khovd su
Page 101 and 102: members stay at the crop fields. Th
Page 103 and 104: Amount (t) 600 500 400 300 200 100
Page 105 and 106: Thus calculated, on average each ho
Page 107 and 108: 13.2.3 Legal Situation in Land Righ
Page 109 and 110: Concerning the question “Are you
Page 111 and 112: • support in marketing • suppor
Page 113 and 114: Inhabitants 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000
Page 115 and 116: 1995. There are cases of former neg
Page 117 and 118: products marketed in 2005/06. Farme
Page 119 and 120: Further sources of revenue were pen
Page 121 and 122: Constraints and Conflicts Concernin
Page 123 and 124: • limit import of cheap crops The
Page 125 and 126: Chantuu (Uzbek) Durvid 4% 7% Zakhch
Page 127 and 128: households and five cooperatives pl
Page 129 and 130: 15.2.2 Economic Structure and Crop
Page 131: Crops Potatoes Carrots Tomatoes Cuc
Page 135 and 136: ecause their farmlands are located
Page 137 and 138: 15. 3 Summary The main findings of
Page 139 and 140: In 2005, 3,800 households (57%) wer
Page 141 and 142: impoverished households have starte
Page 143 and 144: that they had official employment a
Page 145 and 146: In Jargalant, the number of househo
Page 147 and 148: • high land fee • machinery and
Page 149 and 150: • support in resolving problems w
Page 151 and 152: 17.2 Crop farming for household and
Page 153 and 154: Photos 17-18:Crop Marketing at the
Page 155 and 156: Apart from vegetable and cereal cul
Page 157 and 158: That means that revenues from one h
Page 159 and 160: • raise import tax/bans forvegeta
Page 161 and 162: and marketing, organization of regu
Page 163 and 164: more nomadic livestock keepers depe
Page 165 and 166: unsocial way from sufficient water
Page 167 and 168: in cities of neighbouring Russian S
Page 169 and 170: MAS 1990: Information Mongolia: The
Page 171 and 172: gol Govi-Altai Janjin Boolt Khantun
Page 173: 9. Budee-Land Officer of Khovd aima
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FINAL REPORT

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