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6. Further limitations to cultivation agriculture were reported to be declining soil fertility and insufficient access to fertilizer, machinery, seeds and long term and low interest loans. 14. Evaluation of Field Research in the Irrigated Agriculture of Myangad sum (J. Janzen, A. Ankhtuya, and J. Hartwig) 14.1 Introduction Myangad sum is located north of theaimag center and it borders with Erdeneburen sum to the west, Buyant and Khovd sum to the south, Durgun sum to the east and Uvs aimag to the north. Its territory is composed of high mountains, mountain-steppe and desert steppe covering 325,800 ha. The highest peak is Altan Khukhii Uul, which is 3,350 m above sea level. The sum’s name “Myangad” means “Group of Thousand”: The ancestors of the Myangads submitted their request to the Bogd Khan to become as a separate khushuu (administrative unit) and presented him a fine carpet. The Bogd Khan accepted the carpet and agreed to their request –but only if the number of their men reached one thousand. Unfortunately it did not, so they dressed up young ladies as men and hang a knife from their belts -as men do. Thus they made up a thousand men and got their permission to form an own khushuu. Untilrecent years, unmarried young ladies kept the tradition to hang a knife on their belts. According to historical data, the Myangads settled at their present territory in 1766 (Myangad sum introduction, 2005). In 1931 the sum was established by a government resolution and became part of Khovd aimag. The sum is divided into five bags: Bayanbulag is the sum center and Chatsargant, Gakhait, Tsagaanbulan, Bayankhoshuu are rural herders’ bags. Demography, Ethnic Composition and Poverty In 2005, 3,623 inhabitants (805 households) lived in Myangad sum. 158 households (20% of total) resided at the sum center and 647 (80% of total) in the rural bags. As can be seen from Fig. 59 the sum population increased until 1996 and has since been declining due to a net outmigration. This was caused in parts by drought and zud, during which herders lost many livestock. In 2005, 290 households (36% of total) were classified as poor and out of these 147 (18% of total) as very poor households (KASY 2005). 70% of the population belongs to the 112
Inhabitants 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 Year Source:Statistics provided by the aimag administration Figure 59: Population of Myangad sum (1980-2005) Myangad ethnic group. In addition there are Durvuds in Tsagaanbulan bag and other ethnic and national groups, many of whom live in the sum center. Mobile Animal Husbandry Until today, the most important livelihood base of Myangad sum’s population is mobile animal husbandry. In 2005, 619 out of total 805 households were registered as herders and 698 households owned livestock. Fig. 60 shows the development of livestock numbers in Myangad sum. As typically for Mongolia it shows an increase after 1990 followed by a sharp Livestock 160,000 140,000 120,000 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 0 Camels Horses Cattle Sheep Goats Total 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 Year Source: Statistics provided by the aimag administration Figure 60:LivestockDevelopment and Composition, Myangad sum (1983-2005) decline after 1997 due to zud and drought. However, herds have recovered since 2003, mainly due to more favourable climatic settings and rising numbers of goats. 113
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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MONGOLIA CEN
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TABLE OF CONTENT Summary Summary...
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15.2.5 Important Issues for Improvi
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Summary A detailed study about the
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Western Region and to a certain ext
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as physical and ecological informat
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of the SLA is the examination of th
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A separate questionnaire was used t
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Cereals Potatoes Vegetables Fodder
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years with a single extension of up
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Bayan-Ulgii Govi-Altai Zavkhan Uvs
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The aimag is divided into 17 sums a
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Herdsmen Households Total Household
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livestock fodder, and potato cultiv
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Since the mid 1990s, local resident
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In recent years, access to irrigati
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This part of the study aims to desc
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(Figure 15 and 16). The river run-o
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0 C 4,00 3,00 2,00 1,00 0,00 -1,001
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Sampling direction Map7: Catchment
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groundwater, because of an open cha
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Sewage plant channel Sewage plant c
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Results of the analysis The positio
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Three samples show a high content o
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83 482.162.349 919.666.361 1171 Iri
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Figure 25:Investigation Area 4:Davs
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10 110 6.45 1.202 1.156 15.6 29.2 4
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113 482.217.440 917.812.501 1224 S(
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For the evaluation of the chemical
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IDENT. LATITUDE LONGITUDE Remarks 2
Page 61 and 62: 10.3 Soil Conditions (M. Walther) M
Page 63 and 64: 4. Determination of total content o
Page 65 and 66: 2Ag + +CrO 2- 4 →Ag 2 CrO 4 (s) M
Page 67 and 68: Materials. 0.1M NaOH Eriochrome bla
Page 69 and 70: Cadmium Current ; 8mA/0mA Burner he
Page 71 and 72: Vegetation The areas with desert st
Page 73 and 74: No: Species of Plants (Gubanov, 199
Page 75 and 76: 30 Iris lacteal Abundant Perennial
Page 77 and 78: M 64 Sonchus oleraceus Abundant Ann
Page 79 and 80: No: Life Ranges Plant Species (as E
Page 81 and 82: We compared the records on plants a
Page 83 and 84: 43 Glaux maritime Sp 1 44 Heteropap
Page 85 and 86: 35 Motacilla personata 36 Lanius cr
Page 87 and 88: ‣ As shown by the hydrological an
Page 89 and 90: Single values of the heavy metal di
Page 91 and 92: ppm Figure 31: Total nitrogen 1055
Page 93 and 94: ppm Figure 37: Heavy metal - Zn 145
Page 95 and 96: 12. Summary of Field Research and S
Page 97 and 98: 6,000 5,000 Inhabitants 4,000 3,000
Page 99 and 100: Cultivation Agriculture In Khovd su
Page 101 and 102: members stay at the crop fields. Th
Page 103 and 104: Amount (t) 600 500 400 300 200 100
Page 105 and 106: Thus calculated, on average each ho
Page 107 and 108: 13.2.3 Legal Situation in Land Righ
Page 109 and 110: Concerning the question “Are you
Page 111: • support in marketing • suppor
Page 115 and 116: 1995. There are cases of former neg
Page 117 and 118: products marketed in 2005/06. Farme
Page 119 and 120: Further sources of revenue were pen
Page 121 and 122: Constraints and Conflicts Concernin
Page 123 and 124: • limit import of cheap crops The
Page 125 and 126: Chantuu (Uzbek) Durvid 4% 7% Zakhch
Page 127 and 128: households and five cooperatives pl
Page 129 and 130: 15.2.2 Economic Structure and Crop
Page 131 and 132: Crops Potatoes Carrots Tomatoes Cuc
Page 133 and 134: Cooperation among households Concer
Page 135 and 136: ecause their farmlands are located
Page 137 and 138: 15. 3 Summary The main findings of
Page 139 and 140: In 2005, 3,800 households (57%) wer
Page 141 and 142: impoverished households have starte
Page 143 and 144: that they had official employment a
Page 145 and 146: In Jargalant, the number of househo
Page 147 and 148: • high land fee • machinery and
Page 149 and 150: • support in resolving problems w
Page 151 and 152: 17.2 Crop farming for household and
Page 153 and 154: Photos 17-18:Crop Marketing at the
Page 155 and 156: Apart from vegetable and cereal cul
Page 157 and 158: That means that revenues from one h
Page 159 and 160: • raise import tax/bans forvegeta
Page 161 and 162: and marketing, organization of regu
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more nomadic livestock keepers depe
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unsocial way from sufficient water
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in cities of neighbouring Russian S
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MAS 1990: Information Mongolia: The
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gol Govi-Altai Janjin Boolt Khantun
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9. Budee-Land Officer of Khovd aima
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FINAL REPORT

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