FINAL REPORT

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Loans 40% of surveyed households had taken loans for farming and 60% responded that they never had taken loans for the following reasons: • they are able to sustain their farming without loans • they are willing to obtain loans to expand their farming activities but are not entitled to because they don’thavesufficient property to mortgage The amount of loans varied between 500,000 and 2,000,000 MNT with 3-3.5% interest rates per month. Farmers usually get loans during spring when cultivation starts and repay after harvest in autumn. Cooperation among households Survey findings show that most households do not cooperate in any sphere of agricultural activities such as irrigation, cultivation, harvest sale or livestock herding (see Fig. 56). Those who responded that there is some kind of cooperation, were cooperative members or shared workload with relatives. Households 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 60 59 55 53 54 4 6 5 0 0 Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Cooperation in crop farming? Cooperation in irrigation? Cooperation in preparing of farmland? Cooperation in crop marketing? Cooperation in livestock herding? Figure 56: Cooperation among Farmers’ Households, Khovd sum Source: Survey results, June 2006 106
13.2.3 Legal Situation in Land Rights and Water Distribution Land titles and fees All households involved in the survey hold official land titles for crop and hay fields. In total they paid 989,300 MNT as land fees to the sums budget. In Khovd sum, the land fee amounts to 8,000 MNT /ha per year for local residents. The maximum size of cropland that can be obtained by individual households, is 4 ha. Need for expansion 59% of surveyed households intend to expand their farmland if water access problems were solved and 41% do not. Those who responded that they have no desire to expand their agricultural fields are households with limited labour force. Those 35 households who wished to expand their farmland stated that they intended to cultivate approximately 100 ha additionally, that is aboutthree additional hectares per household. If one assumes that 59% or 197 households out of total 334 farming households in Khovd intended to obtain additional three hectares, there would be a need for 600 ha more irrigated cropland. If irrigation problems were solved, the cultivated area could increase significantly compared to its present size. Constraints and Conflicts Concerning water availability, 95% answered that they faced problems accessing sufficient irrigation water. The following constraints are common among surveyed farmers: • rapid decrease of water availability in recent years • high waste of water caused by haphazard channels build to the different fields • lack of irrigation water is the reason that farmlands are not being cultivated completely, extension of fields is not possible and cultivation of water intensive crops is limited • new farmers choose their fields upstream, in areas where sufficient water is available thus causing concentration and increasing pressure in those areas and less water availability downstream • it was claimed that at the remnants and dams from the old Janjin Boolt headwork, ice is accumulated in the cold season, blocking and hindering the water from flowing to 107
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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MONGOLIA CEN
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TABLE OF CONTENT Summary Summary...
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15.2.5 Important Issues for Improvi
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Summary A detailed study about the
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Western Region and to a certain ext
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as physical and ecological informat
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of the SLA is the examination of th
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A separate questionnaire was used t
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Cereals Potatoes Vegetables Fodder
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years with a single extension of up
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Bayan-Ulgii Govi-Altai Zavkhan Uvs
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The aimag is divided into 17 sums a
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Herdsmen Households Total Household
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livestock fodder, and potato cultiv
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Since the mid 1990s, local resident
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In recent years, access to irrigati
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This part of the study aims to desc
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(Figure 15 and 16). The river run-o
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0 C 4,00 3,00 2,00 1,00 0,00 -1,001
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Sampling direction Map7: Catchment
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groundwater, because of an open cha
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Sewage plant channel Sewage plant c
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Results of the analysis The positio
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Three samples show a high content o
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83 482.162.349 919.666.361 1171 Iri
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Figure 25:Investigation Area 4:Davs
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10 110 6.45 1.202 1.156 15.6 29.2 4
Page 55 and 56: 113 482.217.440 917.812.501 1224 S(
Page 57 and 58: For the evaluation of the chemical
Page 59 and 60: IDENT. LATITUDE LONGITUDE Remarks 2
Page 61 and 62: 10.3 Soil Conditions (M. Walther) M
Page 63 and 64: 4. Determination of total content o
Page 65 and 66: 2Ag + +CrO 2- 4 →Ag 2 CrO 4 (s) M
Page 67 and 68: Materials. 0.1M NaOH Eriochrome bla
Page 69 and 70: Cadmium Current ; 8mA/0mA Burner he
Page 71 and 72: Vegetation The areas with desert st
Page 73 and 74: No: Species of Plants (Gubanov, 199
Page 75 and 76: 30 Iris lacteal Abundant Perennial
Page 77 and 78: M 64 Sonchus oleraceus Abundant Ann
Page 79 and 80: No: Life Ranges Plant Species (as E
Page 81 and 82: We compared the records on plants a
Page 83 and 84: 43 Glaux maritime Sp 1 44 Heteropap
Page 85 and 86: 35 Motacilla personata 36 Lanius cr
Page 87 and 88: ‣ As shown by the hydrological an
Page 89 and 90: Single values of the heavy metal di
Page 91 and 92: ppm Figure 31: Total nitrogen 1055
Page 93 and 94: ppm Figure 37: Heavy metal - Zn 145
Page 95 and 96: 12. Summary of Field Research and S
Page 97 and 98: 6,000 5,000 Inhabitants 4,000 3,000
Page 99 and 100: Cultivation Agriculture In Khovd su
Page 101 and 102: members stay at the crop fields. Th
Page 103 and 104: Amount (t) 600 500 400 300 200 100
Page 105: Thus calculated, on average each ho
Page 109 and 110: Concerning the question “Are you
Page 111 and 112: • support in marketing • suppor
Page 113 and 114: Inhabitants 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000
Page 115 and 116: 1995. There are cases of former neg
Page 117 and 118: products marketed in 2005/06. Farme
Page 119 and 120: Further sources of revenue were pen
Page 121 and 122: Constraints and Conflicts Concernin
Page 123 and 124: • limit import of cheap crops The
Page 125 and 126: Chantuu (Uzbek) Durvid 4% 7% Zakhch
Page 127 and 128: households and five cooperatives pl
Page 129 and 130: 15.2.2 Economic Structure and Crop
Page 131 and 132: Crops Potatoes Carrots Tomatoes Cuc
Page 133 and 134: Cooperation among households Concer
Page 135 and 136: ecause their farmlands are located
Page 137 and 138: 15. 3 Summary The main findings of
Page 139 and 140: In 2005, 3,800 households (57%) wer
Page 141 and 142: impoverished households have starte
Page 143 and 144: that they had official employment a
Page 145 and 146: In Jargalant, the number of househo
Page 147 and 148: • high land fee • machinery and
Page 149 and 150: • support in resolving problems w
Page 151 and 152: 17.2 Crop farming for household and
Page 153 and 154: Photos 17-18:Crop Marketing at the
Page 155 and 156: Apart from vegetable and cereal cul
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That means that revenues from one h
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• raise import tax/bans forvegeta
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and marketing, organization of regu
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more nomadic livestock keepers depe
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unsocial way from sufficient water
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in cities of neighbouring Russian S
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MAS 1990: Information Mongolia: The
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gol Govi-Altai Janjin Boolt Khantun
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9. Budee-Land Officer of Khovd aima
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FINAL REPORT

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