Alafia River Minimum Flows and Levels - Southwest Florida Water ...

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South Prong of Alafia River, FL Phosphorus or ortho-P (mg/l P) 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Jan-50 Jan-60 Jan-70 Jan-80 Jan-90 Feb-00 South Prong of Alafia River, FL Phosphorus or ortho-P (mg/l P) 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Flow (cfs) Phosphorus Residuals over Time for South Prong of Alafia River Parameter Residuals (mg/l) 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 Jan-50 Jan-60 Jan-70 Jan-80 Jan-90 Feb-00 Figure 2-33. Phosphorus concentrations in water samples collected by the USGS at the South Prong Alafia River near Lithia, FL. Upper plot is time series plot; middle plot is concentration versus flow, and the bottom plot is time series plot of residuals of phosphorus concentration regressed against flow. 2-69
While elevated phosphorus concentrations in streams can potentially be ascribed to numerous sources (e.g., waste water treatment plant discharges, some industrial discharges, fertilizer applications by agriculture or from residential areas), there can be little doubt that the elevated concentrations seen in the Alafia River from approximately 1960 (when routine water quality analysis began) to the early to mid 1980's are directly associated with phosphate mining activities in the watershed. Most of this mining (89%) has occurred in the sub-basins of the North and South Prongs. Supporting data are seen in elevated concentrations of a number of other chemical constituents, for example fluoride (an element commonly found in association with phosphate). Beginning in the mid-1970's, there is a rather sudden decline in phosphorus and other chemical constituents found in association with phosphate ore (e.g., fluoride, silica). This decline is graphically apparent (see Figure 2-34). Concomitant declines in fluoride and phosphorus are evidence of a change in mining practices that lead to dramatic reductions in phosphorus (and other constituent) loading to the Alafia River system around 1975-1980. Unfortunately, there are no long-term records of in-stream phosphorus concentrations at the three gage sites prior to phosphate mining in the watershed (this is true of the upper Peace River also – see SWFWMD 2002). It is therefore difficult to determine if current in-stream concentrations approach those that would have been expected absent mining impacts. While there has been a considerable decrease in loading (perhaps an order of magnitude or more), concentrations of phosphorus (the majority of which is in the most biologically available form, phosphate) are still high when compared to most natural stream systems. Friedemann and Hand (1989) determined the typical ranges of various constituents found in Florida lakes, streams and estuaries. Based on their finding, 95% of all Florida streams exhibited total phosphorus concentrations less than 1.99 mg/l P. The 1990 to 1999 decade mean for the Alafia River at Lithia is 2.54 mg/l P (the median is 2.40) which despite large decreases in concentration still places it among the rivers with the highest P concentrations in the state. Similar trends in instream phosphorus concentrations are also evident in the Peace River (SWFWMD 2002). As with the Alafia River, these elevated levels were also attributable to past mining practices and discharges from related chemical processing plants. Similarly to the Alafia River, dramatic decreases in P concentration also occurred in the Peace River (Figure 2-35, although they occurred a few years later (around the mid-1980s) than at Lithia. Like the Alafia River, other constituents found in association with phosphate also followed similar trends in concentration (e.g., fluoride – see Appendix) and similar declines as phosphate mining practices changed. 2-70
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Alafia River Minimum Flows and Leve
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Table of Contents Table of Contents
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4.3.1 HEC-RAS Modeling ............
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Table of Figures Figure 1-1. Buildi
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Figure 2-33. Phosphorus concentrati
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Figure 5-12. Habitat Gain/Loss for
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Table 5-2. Mean elevation, local (c
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flow, with the exception that withd
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Acknowledgement The authors would l
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9) Water quality; and 10) Navigatio
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Water Management District typically
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Peace River at Zolfo Springs, FL. s
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Period of Record Median Daily Flows
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to enhance understanding of histori
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River watershed, to the east by the
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an adjacent area locally known as t
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Water in the surficial aquifer is r
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The Upper Floridan aquifer (UFA) sy
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Figure 2-4. May and September 2001
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head differences indicating breache
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data (multiple regression) analyses
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2.2 Land Use Changes in the Alafia
Page 45 and 46: Before discussing individual sub-ba
Page 47 and 48: Table 2-2. Land use and land cover
Page 49 and 50: Table 2-3. Land use and land cover
Page 51 and 52: Figure 2-13. 1972 and 1999 Land use
Page 53 and 54: 2.2.4 Lithia Springs Sub-Basin The
Page 55 and 56: 2.3 Hydrology The assessment of min
Page 57 and 58: Period of Record Median Daily Flows
Page 59 and 60: occurred during the spring were sim
Page 61 and 62: Conversely, since most of the Unite
Page 63 and 64: extending from 1940 to 1969 can be
Page 67 and 68: third highest flow occurred early i
Page 69 and 70: Flow (cfs) Alafia River at Lithia,
Page 71 and 72: 100 North Prong Alafia River at Key
Page 73 and 74: Flow (cfs) South Prong Alafia River
Page 75 and 76: Alafia River at Lithia - Water Qual
Page 77 and 78: South Prong Watershed Above USGS Ga
Page 79 and 80: Comparisons of land use changes and
Page 81 and 82: Comparison of Median Daily Flows fo
Page 83 and 84: Comparisons of Annual 25% Exceedanc
Page 85 and 86: Figure 2-25. Lithia Springs Major b
Page 87 and 88: 2.3.4.3.2 Discharge from Lithia Spr
Page 89 and 90: Relationship Between Lithia Springs
Page 91 and 92: Buckhorn Spring Main Discharge (Wit
Page 93 and 94: versus flow. The third plot typical
Page 95: Alafia River at Lithia, FL Phosphor
Page 99 and 100: Peace River at Arcadia, FL 20 Phosp
Page 101 and 102: Alafia River at Lithia, FL Nitrate/
Page 103 and 104: 2.4.2 Potassium and Trend Analysis
Page 105 and 106: Alafia River at Lithia, FL 14 Potas
Page 107 and 108: Table 2-10. Results of Kendall's ta
Page 109 and 110: Chapter 3 Ecological Resources of C
Page 111 and 112: 1) maintenance of minimum water dep
Page 113 and 114: flow regimes and these life history
Page 115 and 116: subsidy of water and nutrients that
Page 117 and 118: Chapter 4 Technical Approach for Es
Page 119 and 120: 4.2.1 HEC-RAS Cross-Sections Cross
Page 121 and 122: PHABSIM analysis required acquisiti
Page 123 and 124: Figure 4-5. Upstream vegetation cro
Page 125 and 126: level, whenever possible. Immature
Page 127 and 128: major parameter altered during the
Page 129 and 130: Alafia River - Cross Section 64 - W
Page 131 and 132: Delphi method lacks the rapid feedb
Page 133 and 134: TOTAL DAYS OF INUNDATION DURING THE
Page 137 and 138: Wetted Perimeter - USGS 84.5 - SWFW
Page 139 and 140: Alafia River Station 91.5 Stage in
Page 141 and 142: section sites and corresponding flo
Page 143 and 144: 4.9.1.2 Recreational Use Assessment
Page 145 and 146: Chapter 5 Results and Recommended M
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greater than 25 cfs would inundate
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For the USGS Lithia gage site, the
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40 35 30 25 20 15 10 T20 T21 T27 T3
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Wetted Perimeter (linear feet) 2000
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dominant vegetation zones, mucky so
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5.5.1 Application of PHABSIM for Bl
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5.5.3 Flow Relationships with Woody
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River begins on October 28 and ends
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Table 5-4. Maximum monthly percent-
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5.6.3 Short-Term Compliance Standar
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Table 5-5. Maximum monthly percent-
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5.8 Short-Term Compliance Standard
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Table 5-7. Proposed Minimum Flows f
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Biological Services Program Report
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Jones, G.W., and Upchurch, S.B., 19
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SDI Environmental Services, Inc. 20
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Upchurch, S.B. and J.R. Littlefield
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A Review of “Alafia River Minimum
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The draft report for setting MFLs f
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methodologies, analyses, and conclu
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The SWFWMD has employed a building
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MFLs for the Alafia and Myakka rive
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RALPH PLOTS AND ANALYSES Recent and
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then used to estimate percent of fl
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necessary. Such a framework should
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to use to meet the criteria of no s
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Shaw, D.T., C.N. Dahm, and S.W. Gol
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The District has added to Chapter 4
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Attachment A June 15 th , 2005 Mrs.
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The Kelly (2004) report includes a
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Figure 1. Box-and-whisker plots of
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As shown in Table 1, a nonparametri
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“augmentation” - be performed a
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Estuary Program 'Restoring the Bala
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APPENDIX D - District's response to
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educed by no more than 8 percent on
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sites with comparable temporal reco
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gradually removed (this appears as
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1) The DISTRICT acknowledges the ma
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Mark Hammond, Director, Resource Ma
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Table 1. Mann-Whitney Statistical A
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Comparison of July Rainfall Totals
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