Alafia River Minimum Flows and Levels - Southwest Florida Water ...

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2.3.4.3 Lithia Springs and Buckhorn Springs 2.3.4.3.1 Site Description (taken largely from Champion and Starks 2001, and Jones and Upchurch 1993) The Lithia/Buckhorn Springs group lies in central Hillsborough County, three miles south of Brandon along the Alafia River (Figure 2-1). The group is comprised of two second-magnitude springs and a number of smaller thirdmagnitude springs. "Discharge at Lithia Springs exhibits significant seasonality, reaching a minimum at the end of the dry season in May and peaking in October, after the end of the summer wet season. This pattern indicates that the lag time between seasonal changes in rainfall and the response of the spring system is minimal. The pattern also indicates that the circulation of ground water in the Floridan aquifer is open and vigorous and the springs are recharged by precipitation falling in close proximity (5-10 mile radius) of the springs" (Champion and Starks 2001). Lithia Springs is located in a county operated park, and actually consists of two springs, each of which feeds a short run before emptying into the Alafia River. The larger spring is referred to as Lithia Springs Major. The park is open for swimming in the spring pool (Figure 2-25), camping, canoeing (in the river), and picnicking. The vent for Lithia Springs Major lies in 10-15 feet of water, underneath an outcropping of limestone. A large steel grate covers the opening of the vent. The spring pool is somewhat oval with a diameter of 75 to 100 feet. Lithia Springs Major is the subject of an MFL determination as described in Chapters 4 and 5 of this report. 2-57
Figure 2-25. Lithia Springs Major bathing area being utilized for recreation. Buckhorn Springs complex is located on private property, about four miles west of Lithia Springs. The complex is composed of four principal springs and many smaller, less significant vents located near Buckhorn Creek. Buckhorn Springs Main is by the far the largest of the four springs and is the subject of an MFL determination. Its average discharge was reported by Jones and Upchurch (1993) to be 14 cfs with the three smaller springs discharging an estimated 3.6 cfs total. The springs are on private property (Cargill, Inc.). The District has issued a water use permit to Cargill, Inc. for use of a portion of the spring discharge as an industrial water supply. A pumping platform has been constructed directly over the Buckhorn Springs Main (Figure 2-26), and water is pumped from the spring to a phosphate processing facility located on US 41. The spring pool empties directly into Buckhorn Creek which discharges into the Alafia River approximately 0.4 miles downstream. 2-58
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Alafia River Minimum Flows and Leve
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Table of Contents Table of Contents
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4.3.1 HEC-RAS Modeling ............
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Table of Figures Figure 1-1. Buildi
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Figure 2-33. Phosphorus concentrati
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Figure 5-12. Habitat Gain/Loss for
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Table 5-2. Mean elevation, local (c
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flow, with the exception that withd
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Acknowledgement The authors would l
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9) Water quality; and 10) Navigatio
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Water Management District typically
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Peace River at Zolfo Springs, FL. s
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Period of Record Median Daily Flows
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to enhance understanding of histori
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River watershed, to the east by the
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an adjacent area locally known as t
Page 33 and 34: Water in the surficial aquifer is r
Page 35 and 36: The Upper Floridan aquifer (UFA) sy
Page 37 and 38: Figure 2-4. May and September 2001
Page 39 and 40: head differences indicating breache
Page 41 and 42: data (multiple regression) analyses
Page 43 and 44: 2.2 Land Use Changes in the Alafia
Page 45 and 46: Before discussing individual sub-ba
Page 47 and 48: Table 2-2. Land use and land cover
Page 49 and 50: Table 2-3. Land use and land cover
Page 51 and 52: Figure 2-13. 1972 and 1999 Land use
Page 53 and 54: 2.2.4 Lithia Springs Sub-Basin The
Page 55 and 56: 2.3 Hydrology The assessment of min
Page 57 and 58: Period of Record Median Daily Flows
Page 59 and 60: occurred during the spring were sim
Page 61 and 62: Conversely, since most of the Unite
Page 63 and 64: extending from 1940 to 1969 can be
Page 65 and 66: Period of Record Median Daily Flows
Page 67 and 68: third highest flow occurred early i
Page 69 and 70: Flow (cfs) Alafia River at Lithia,
Page 71 and 72: 100 North Prong Alafia River at Key
Page 73 and 74: Flow (cfs) South Prong Alafia River
Page 75 and 76: Alafia River at Lithia - Water Qual
Page 77 and 78: South Prong Watershed Above USGS Ga
Page 79 and 80: Comparisons of land use changes and
Page 81 and 82: Comparison of Median Daily Flows fo
Page 83: Comparisons of Annual 25% Exceedanc
Page 87 and 88: 2.3.4.3.2 Discharge from Lithia Spr
Page 89 and 90: Relationship Between Lithia Springs
Page 91 and 92: Buckhorn Spring Main Discharge (Wit
Page 93 and 94: versus flow. The third plot typical
Page 95 and 96: Alafia River at Lithia, FL Phosphor
Page 97 and 98: While elevated phosphorus concentra
Page 99 and 100: Peace River at Arcadia, FL 20 Phosp
Page 101 and 102: Alafia River at Lithia, FL Nitrate/
Page 103 and 104: 2.4.2 Potassium and Trend Analysis
Page 105 and 106: Alafia River at Lithia, FL 14 Potas
Page 107 and 108: Table 2-10. Results of Kendall's ta
Page 109 and 110: Chapter 3 Ecological Resources of C
Page 111 and 112: 1) maintenance of minimum water dep
Page 113 and 114: flow regimes and these life history
Page 115 and 116: subsidy of water and nutrients that
Page 117 and 118: Chapter 4 Technical Approach for Es
Page 119 and 120: 4.2.1 HEC-RAS Cross-Sections Cross
Page 121 and 122: PHABSIM analysis required acquisiti
Page 123 and 124: Figure 4-5. Upstream vegetation cro
Page 125 and 126: level, whenever possible. Immature
Page 127 and 128: major parameter altered during the
Page 129 and 130: Alafia River - Cross Section 64 - W
Page 131 and 132: Delphi method lacks the rapid feedb
Page 133 and 134: TOTAL DAYS OF INUNDATION DURING THE
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Period of Record Median Daily Flows
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Wetted Perimeter - USGS 84.5 - SWFW
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Alafia River Station 91.5 Stage in
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section sites and corresponding flo
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4.9.1.2 Recreational Use Assessment
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Chapter 5 Results and Recommended M
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greater than 25 cfs would inundate
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For the USGS Lithia gage site, the
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40 35 30 25 20 15 10 T20 T21 T27 T3
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Wetted Perimeter (linear feet) 2000
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dominant vegetation zones, mucky so
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5.5.1 Application of PHABSIM for Bl
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5.5.3 Flow Relationships with Woody
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River begins on October 28 and ends
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Table 5-4. Maximum monthly percent-
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5.6.3 Short-Term Compliance Standar
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Table 5-5. Maximum monthly percent-
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5.8 Short-Term Compliance Standard
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Table 5-7. Proposed Minimum Flows f
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Biological Services Program Report
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Jones, G.W., and Upchurch, S.B., 19
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SDI Environmental Services, Inc. 20
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Upchurch, S.B. and J.R. Littlefield
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A Review of “Alafia River Minimum
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The draft report for setting MFLs f
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methodologies, analyses, and conclu
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The SWFWMD has employed a building
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MFLs for the Alafia and Myakka rive
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RALPH PLOTS AND ANALYSES Recent and
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then used to estimate percent of fl
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necessary. Such a framework should
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to use to meet the criteria of no s
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Shaw, D.T., C.N. Dahm, and S.W. Gol
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The District has added to Chapter 4
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Attachment A June 15 th , 2005 Mrs.
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The Kelly (2004) report includes a
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Figure 1. Box-and-whisker plots of
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As shown in Table 1, a nonparametri
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“augmentation” - be performed a
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Estuary Program 'Restoring the Bala
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APPENDIX D - District's response to
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educed by no more than 8 percent on
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sites with comparable temporal reco
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gradually removed (this appears as
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1) The DISTRICT acknowledges the ma
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Mark Hammond, Director, Resource Ma
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Table 1. Mann-Whitney Statistical A
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Comparison of July Rainfall Totals
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