Alafia River Minimum Flows and Levels - Southwest Florida Water ...
Alafia River Minimum Flows and Levels - Southwest Florida Water ... Alafia River Minimum Flows and Levels - Southwest Florida Water ...
major fracture traces that potentially provide for significant groundwater movement directly from the BKT to springs located along the Alafia (Jones and Upchurch 1993). Transmissivity measurements also show considerable variability, which may indicate the presence of large solution features. Average transmissivity values obtained from three aquifer performance test conducted in the BKT area by Terra Environmental (1998) ranged from 20,000 ft 2 /day to 1,000,000 ft 2 /day. 2.1.4.5 Groundwater Flow and Levels Observed water levels and United States Geological Survey (USGS) potentiometric surface estimates for the UFA in May and September 2001 are shown for the Alafia River region in Figure 2-4. Observed water levels for the SAS (May 2001) with associated depth-to-water table values are presented in Figure 2-5. Due to the relatively thin and discontinuous nature of the sediments, groundwater flow in the surficial aquifer is more local in nature rather than regional. Flow direction is variable and is controlled primarily by the surface topography. Water levels from nearby wells and Alafia River stage indicate that the water table gradient slopes toward the river during both the dry and wet periods of the year (May and September), providing baseflow to the river all-year round. Conversely, water levels between the UFA and river stage suggest a seasonal pattern of flow, with potential recharge to the UFA (from the river) during the drier months and potential discharge from UFA (to the river) during the summer months. Groundwater flow in the IAS and UFA is controlled by the elevation of the potentiometric surface, with water moving from areas of higher elevation (potentiometric "highs") to lower elevation. Where the aquifer intercepts the Gulf of Mexico and Tampa Bay, groundwater is discharged offshore. The regional hydraulic gradient and direction of flow for groundwater is typically westward towards the coast and Tampa Bay. In the study area, groundwater flow is also influenced by the Alafia River and karst features of the BKT. As a result, much of the groundwater flowing through the central and southern portion of the BKT is consistently diverted to the south and southeast, towards the springs and the Alafia River (Figure 2-4). Groundwater contributions from the UFA in areas south of the river appears to be seasonal. Water level contours from the May 2001 potentiometric surface (Figure 2- 4) show that during the drier months, groundwater flows south and southwest. As a result, there is no apparent potential for UFA contribution to the river from the south. However, during the summer months water levels increase significantly, such that the groundwater flows in a west to northwest direction south of the river as seen in the September 2001 potentiometric surface. 2-9
Figure 2-4. May and September 2001 observed water levels and USGS potentiometric surface estimates (feet NGVD) in the Upper Floridan aquifer in the vicinity of the Alafia River. 2-10
- Page 1 and 2: Alafia River Minimum Flows and Leve
- Page 3 and 4: Table of Contents Table of Contents
- Page 5 and 6: 4.3.1 HEC-RAS Modeling ............
- Page 7 and 8: Table of Figures Figure 1-1. Buildi
- Page 9 and 10: Figure 2-33. Phosphorus concentrati
- Page 11 and 12: Figure 5-12. Habitat Gain/Loss for
- Page 13 and 14: Table 5-2. Mean elevation, local (c
- Page 15 and 16: flow, with the exception that withd
- Page 17 and 18: Acknowledgement The authors would l
- Page 19 and 20: 9) Water quality; and 10) Navigatio
- Page 21 and 22: Water Management District typically
- Page 23 and 24: Peace River at Zolfo Springs, FL. s
- Page 25 and 26: Period of Record Median Daily Flows
- Page 27 and 28: to enhance understanding of histori
- Page 29 and 30: River watershed, to the east by the
- Page 31 and 32: an adjacent area locally known as t
- Page 33 and 34: Water in the surficial aquifer is r
- Page 35: The Upper Floridan aquifer (UFA) sy
- Page 39 and 40: head differences indicating breache
- Page 41 and 42: data (multiple regression) analyses
- Page 43 and 44: 2.2 Land Use Changes in the Alafia
- Page 45 and 46: Before discussing individual sub-ba
- Page 47 and 48: Table 2-2. Land use and land cover
- Page 49 and 50: Table 2-3. Land use and land cover
- Page 51 and 52: Figure 2-13. 1972 and 1999 Land use
- Page 53 and 54: 2.2.4 Lithia Springs Sub-Basin The
- Page 55 and 56: 2.3 Hydrology The assessment of min
- Page 57 and 58: Period of Record Median Daily Flows
- Page 59 and 60: occurred during the spring were sim
- Page 61 and 62: Conversely, since most of the Unite
- Page 63 and 64: extending from 1940 to 1969 can be
- Page 65 and 66: Period of Record Median Daily Flows
- Page 67 and 68: third highest flow occurred early i
- Page 69 and 70: Flow (cfs) Alafia River at Lithia,
- Page 71 and 72: 100 North Prong Alafia River at Key
- Page 73 and 74: Flow (cfs) South Prong Alafia River
- Page 75 and 76: Alafia River at Lithia - Water Qual
- Page 77 and 78: South Prong Watershed Above USGS Ga
- Page 79 and 80: Comparisons of land use changes and
- Page 81 and 82: Comparison of Median Daily Flows fo
- Page 83 and 84: Comparisons of Annual 25% Exceedanc
- Page 85 and 86: Figure 2-25. Lithia Springs Major b
Figure 2-4. May <strong>and</strong> September 2001 observed water levels <strong>and</strong> USGS potentiometric surface<br />
estimates (feet NGVD) in the Upper <strong>Florida</strong>n aquifer in the vicinity of the <strong>Alafia</strong> <strong>River</strong>.<br />
2-10
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