The Determination of Minimum Flows for Sulphur Springs, Tampa

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DRAFT 3.9 Relationships of Sulphur Springs discharge to the hydrology, water quality and ecology of the Lower Hillsborough River. The flow from Sulphur Springs has important hydrologic and ecological functions in the Lower Hillsborough River system. During much of the year, Sulphur Springs provides much of the combined inflow of fresh or low salinity water to the lower river. This inflow is very important for establishing salinity distributions in the river, and during winter months, maintaining thermal refugia for manatees and cold sensitive fish species such as snook. The hydrology of the spring in relation to the river is described first below, followed by a discussion of the physical-chemical and biological effects of the springflow to the river system. 3.9.1 Hydrology of the Lower Hillsborough River The watershed draining to the Lower Hillsborough River has an area of approximately 650 square miles. Approximately 90 percent of this area drains to the Hillsborough River Reservoir. The dam that creates the reservoir is located approximately 16.3 kilometers (10 miles) upstream of the river mouth. Downstream of the dam there is about twenty square miles of highly urbanized watershed that drains to the lower river via storm sewers and drains. During rains events, considerable freshwater inflow is contributed to the lower river from the sub-basin below the dam (HSW 1992). In the dry season, these events can be infrequent, with very little inflow contributed below the dam for prolonged periods of time. The majority of the inflow to the lower river comes from discharges from the Hillsborough River Reservoir. Daily streamflow records for discharges from the reservoir date back to 1939. There has been a significant decreasing trend in stream flow for the reservoir, as evidenced by a time series of average flows shown in Figure 3-8. Increasing withdrawals from the reservoir by the City of Tampa has been a factor contributing to these decreasing flows. Average yearly withdrawals from the reservoir were less than 31 cfs in the late 1940s, increasing to an average of 105 cfs (68 mgd) over the last several years. Other factors affecting the decline in average annual flows from the reservoir include the operation of the Tampa Bypass Canal (TBC). Since the mid-1980s, the Bypass Canal has been periodically used to divert high flows away from the reservoir to prevent flooding in the urban Tampa area. In addition, above the influence of the TBC, there appears to be a declining trend in inflows to the reservoir system (SWFWMD 1999). Long-term changes in rainfall and groundwater levels in the region may be contributing to these reductions in flow. 3 - 26
DRAFT 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2000 1800 Hills_AnnAvg.grf 1200 Hillsborough Reservoir Discharge (cfs) 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 1000 800 600 400 Discharge (mgd) 400 200 200 0 0 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Figure 3-8. Reservoir. Average yearly flows to the lower river from the Hillsborough River 3 - 27
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The Determination of Minimum Flows
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DRAFT TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tab
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4.5 Goal 1 - Minimize the incursion
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DRAFT LIST OF FIGURES Chapter 2 - P
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Fig. 3-13 Fig. 3-14 Fig. 3-15 Fig.
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Fig. 5-7 Fig. 5-8 Fig. 5-9 Fig. 5-1
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Acronyms and Definitions DRAFT AMO
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DRAFT Executive Summary The Southwe
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DRAFT below 19 feet NGVD of 1929. T
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CHAPTER 1 PURPOSE AND BACKGROUND OF
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DRAFT water, or aquifer, provided t
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DRAFT one the indicators were the f
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DRAFT The spring and its run lie in
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DRAFT Figure 2-3. Recent photograph
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2 - 6 DRAFT
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DRAFT -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 0.4 4
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DRAFT 10.0 Yrly_Pumpage.grf 15 Annu
Page 41 and 42: DRAFT 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 35 D
Page 43 and 44: DRAFT Figure 2-14. Return flow stru
Page 45 and 46: DRAFT 40 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Ju
Page 47 and 48: DRAFT due to withdrawals for public
Page 49 and 50: DRAFT Figure 2-19 . Temporal trend
Page 51 and 52: DRAFT Figure 2-20. Temporal trends
Page 53: DRAFT In comparison to specific con
Page 57 and 58: DRAFT average daily withdrawals for
Page 59 and 60: DRAFT Figure 2-25. Average specific
Page 61 and 62: DRAFT withdrawal rate of 31 cfs dur
Page 63 and 64: DRAFT Table 2-2. Sulphur Springs su
Page 65 and 66: DRAFT These plots indicate that his
Page 67 and 68: DRAFT CHAPTER 3 ECOLOGICAL RESOURCE
Page 69 and 70: DRAFT 3 Run_Riv_Stg.grf Water Surfa
Page 71 and 72: DRAFT 3.4 Salinity in the spring ru
Page 73 and 74: DRAFT 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Page 75 and 76: DRAFT pumping events resulted in sa
Page 77 and 78: DRAFT As discussed in Section 2.5.3
Page 79 and 80: DRAFT tolerate and are frequently f
Page 81 and 82: DRAFT Appendix B are color coded to
Page 83 and 84: DRAFT habitat in the lower river pr
Page 85 and 86: DRAFT The FWC using a modified stra
Page 87 and 88: DRAFT increased with a return to no
Page 89 and 90: DRAFT 2000. The results from three
Page 91: DRAFT species (10 to 13) were colle
Page 95 and 96: DRAFT . 1000.00 100.00 10.00 1.00 0
Page 97 and 98: DRAFT 3.9.2 The effects of flows fr
Page 99 and 100: DRAFT Data from the Tampa Bay Water
Page 101 and 102: DRAFT EPCHC Period of Record Data L
Page 103 and 104: DRAFT 35 30 1996 1997 1998 1999 200
Page 105 and 106: 7 DRAFT Elevation (m) 1 0 -1 -2 -3
Page 107 and 108: 8 24 25 29 DRAFT Figure 3-20, 3-21
Page 109 and 110: DRAFT Figure 3-22 HBMP & EPCHC 2000
Page 111 and 112: DRAFT of the river between the dam
Page 113 and 114: DRAFT 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 10 11
Page 115 and 116: DRAFT The HBMP project (PBSJ 2003)
Page 117 and 118: DRAFT xanthurus) red drum (Sciaenop
Page 119 and 120: DRAFT as manatees seek fresh water
Page 121 and 122: 1999 2000 2001 2002 DRAFT 35 TmpSS_
Page 123 and 124: DRAFT Platt Street 1974-2002 Columb
Page 125 and 126: DRAFT Median and minimum water temp
Page 127 and 128: DRAFT Figure 3-31 1999 2000 2001 20
Page 129 and 130: DRAFT Figure 3-33 2001 2002 2003 20
Page 131 and 132: DRAFT CHAPTER 4 TECHNICAL APPROACH
Page 133 and 134: DRAFT The sum of these consideratio
Page 135 and 136: DRAFT It is the conclusion of this
Page 137 and 138: DRAFT criteria. The
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DRAFT of the dam. The experiments w
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DRAFT Salinity incursions above the
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DRAFT Figure 5-3. A - D. Box and wh
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DRAFT The results of the vertical p
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DRAFT Sulphur Springs < 33 cfs, Hil
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DRAFT Other breakpoints in the data
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DRAFT 40 Percent of Observations -
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DRAFT It is possible that infrequen
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DRAFT The effects of tide stage on
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DRAFT medians rise to near -0.2 fee
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DRAFT Sulphur Springs < 33 cfs, Hil
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DRAFT Sulphur Springs on salinity d
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7 29 DRAFT Elevation (m) 0/0cfs 1 0
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23 24 24 25 25 29 DRAFT Figures 14,
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DRAFT Viewed strictly from the infl
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DRAFT water removed would fluctuate
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DRAFT euryhaline, there were also m
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DRAFT 01/90 01/93 01/96 01/99 01/02
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DRAFT the intent of that condition
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DRAFT included inflows to the model
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DRAFT Flows for Sulphur Springs wer
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DRAFT ∆T represents the differenc
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DRAFT Figure 25 Temp (C) 22 Histori
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DRAFT Figure 26 Temp (C) 24 22 Hist
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DRAFT Similar to the coldest period
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DRAFT 5.7. Consideration of future
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DRAFT Culter, J. 1986. Benthic Inve
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DRAFT Shafland, P. L. and K. J. Foo
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APPENDIX A (from Chapter 2) Time se
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Sulphur Springs Water Quality 1991-
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Appendix B. Presence of macroinvert
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Appendix C. Percent composition of
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Appendix C. Percent composition of
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APPENDIX D (from Chapter 3) Percent
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APPENDIX D. Percent composition of
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APPENDIX D. Percent composition of
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APPENDIX E (from Chapter 3) Abundan
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BARE SAND FILAMENTOUS ALGAE COMBINE
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APPENDIX F - HILLSBOROUGH RIVER TEM
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Appendix G Daily values for mean, m
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APPENDIX H (from Chapter 5) Time se
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Experiment Number 6
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Appendix I Daily values for minimum
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28FEB2000 9.8 0.0 1.9 9.7 7.8 . 18.
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12FEB2001 14.0 3.5 1.7 4.6 2.9 1.1
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The Determination of Minimum Flows for Sulphur Springs, Tampa

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