The Determination of Minimum Flows for Sulphur Springs, Tampa

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DRAFT Table 3-2. Number of individuals for fish species captured in Sulphur Springs Run on five dates by the University of Florida. 26-May-00 14-Jul-00 29-Sep-00 19-Jul-01 01-Nov-01 22-Nov-02 09-Nov-03 Common name Species Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Atlantic needlefish Strongylura marina 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 Bay anchovy Anchoa mitchilli 2 0 0 20 0 0 0 Blackchin tilapia Tilapia melanotheron 28 0 12 0 3 0 0 Blue tilapia Tilapia aurea 14 3 153 4 6 32 0 Bluefin killifish Lucania goodei 0 0 1 7 0 0 0 Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus 0 0 0 0 5 8 0 Common snook Centropomus undecimalis 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 Clown goby Microgobius gulosus 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Florida gar Lepososteus platyrinchus 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 Eastern mosquitofish Gambusia holbrooki 56 187 216 2 0 2 3 Gulf killifish Fundulus grandis 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 Gulf menhaden Brevoorita sp. 391 1 0 0 0 0 0 Hogchoker Trinectes maculatus 0 1 1 1 4 50 46 Silversides Menidia sp. 1129 1919 147 674 536 0 468 Ladyfish Elops saurus 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 Largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Rainwater killifish Lucania parva 833 728 1068 422 102 2 4 Redear sunfish Lepomis microlophus 0 0 0 0 3 3 0 Sailfin molly Poecilia latipinna 49 6 216 0 2 0 0 Seminole killifish Fundulus seminolis 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 Sheepshead minnow Cyprinodon variegatus 1 2 5 1 2 29 6 Spotfin mojarra Eucinostomus argenteus 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 Striped mojarra Diapterus plumieri 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 Mojarra sp. Gerreidae 0 0 1 0 8 0 0 Fat Sleeper Dormintator maculatus 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 - 24
DRAFT species (10 to 13) were collected during periods of no flow and normal flow; while low numbers of species (5 to 7) were also collected during periods of no flow and normal flow. The presence of fishes in Sulphur Springs may be related to flow and water quality conditions in the Lower Hillsborough River, but such relationships are only speculative. During periods of no flow from the dam, salinity in the spring run is generally considerably lower than in the river. This may attract some species to the spring run, but factors such as the temperature, clarity and dissolved oxygen in the spring run might be equally as important. Conversely, it could be argued that during high flows, suitable habitat becomes more available in the lower river, thus not concentrating fish in the spring run. It can be concluded that the spring run provides a valuable low salinity refuge for freshwater species during periods of no flow from the Hillsborough River dam. Freshwater species, such as largemouth bass and bluegill, are often collected in the low salinity areas of tidal creeks and rivers where they can feed on the food resources found there. A review of the effects of salinity on freshwater fishes in the coastal plain of the southeastern U.S. is provided by Peterson and Meador (1994). Elevated salinity can influence fish behavior, physiology, growth, or reproduction. However, the salinity values that are generally reported for these effects are well above the background salinity that occurs in Sulphur Springs under normal flows, and even during some periods of salinity incursion from the river. Acknowledging that salinity tolerances vary considerably between fish families, Peterson and Meador state that many freshwater species can withstand extended exposures up to 9 ppt salinity, and tolerate brief exposures at higher values. They furthermore state that some studies suggest that most freshwater fishes cannot reproduce in salinities greater than 3-4 ppt, but few studies have addressed this issue. It is unlikely that salinity incursions in the spring run observed during this study jeopardized the survivability of the estuarine/marine fish that inhabit the spring run. However, the prolonged high salinity values (8-16 ppt) that resulted from the large withdrawals from Sulphur Springs during the 2000-2001 drought likely caused the spring run to be unsuitable habitat for most freshwater fishes found in the Lower Hillsborough River. However, salinity incursions of lesser magnitude or duration, such as occurred during the fall of 2001 and spring 2002 (Figure 3-5), may not have jeopardized the survivability of these species or possibly their reproduction. The use of the spring run by fishes will be dependent not only on salinity, but also on food resources available in the run. Given the findings for invertebrates presented in Section 3.7, the species composition of the invertebrate community is likely more sensitive to changes in salinity in the low range than the fish fauna. It is unclear, however, if such a community shift in the invertebrates would result in less total prey for fishes. The potential biological effects of salinity incursions into the spring run resulting from different flow rates from the spring are considered in Chapter 5. 3 - 25
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The Determination of Minimum Flows
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DRAFT TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tab
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4.5 Goal 1 - Minimize the incursion
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DRAFT LIST OF FIGURES Chapter 2 - P
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Fig. 3-13 Fig. 3-14 Fig. 3-15 Fig.
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Fig. 5-7 Fig. 5-8 Fig. 5-9 Fig. 5-1
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Acronyms and Definitions DRAFT AMO
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DRAFT Executive Summary The Southwe
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DRAFT below 19 feet NGVD of 1929. T
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CHAPTER 1 PURPOSE AND BACKGROUND OF
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DRAFT water, or aquifer, provided t
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DRAFT one the indicators were the f
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DRAFT The spring and its run lie in
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DRAFT Figure 2-3. Recent photograph
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2 - 6 DRAFT
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DRAFT -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 0.4 4
Page 39 and 40: DRAFT 10.0 Yrly_Pumpage.grf 15 Annu
Page 41 and 42: DRAFT 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 35 D
Page 43 and 44: DRAFT Figure 2-14. Return flow stru
Page 45 and 46: DRAFT 40 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Ju
Page 47 and 48: DRAFT due to withdrawals for public
Page 49 and 50: DRAFT Figure 2-19 . Temporal trend
Page 51 and 52: DRAFT Figure 2-20. Temporal trends
Page 53: DRAFT In comparison to specific con
Page 57 and 58: DRAFT average daily withdrawals for
Page 59 and 60: DRAFT Figure 2-25. Average specific
Page 61 and 62: DRAFT withdrawal rate of 31 cfs dur
Page 63 and 64: DRAFT Table 2-2. Sulphur Springs su
Page 65 and 66: DRAFT These plots indicate that his
Page 67 and 68: DRAFT CHAPTER 3 ECOLOGICAL RESOURCE
Page 69 and 70: DRAFT 3 Run_Riv_Stg.grf Water Surfa
Page 71 and 72: DRAFT 3.4 Salinity in the spring ru
Page 73 and 74: DRAFT 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Page 75 and 76: DRAFT pumping events resulted in sa
Page 77 and 78: DRAFT As discussed in Section 2.5.3
Page 79 and 80: DRAFT tolerate and are frequently f
Page 81 and 82: DRAFT Appendix B are color coded to
Page 83 and 84: DRAFT habitat in the lower river pr
Page 85 and 86: DRAFT The FWC using a modified stra
Page 87 and 88: DRAFT increased with a return to no
Page 89: DRAFT 2000. The results from three
Page 93 and 94: DRAFT 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990
Page 95 and 96: DRAFT . 1000.00 100.00 10.00 1.00 0
Page 97 and 98: DRAFT 3.9.2 The effects of flows fr
Page 99 and 100: DRAFT Data from the Tampa Bay Water
Page 101 and 102: DRAFT EPCHC Period of Record Data L
Page 103 and 104: DRAFT 35 30 1996 1997 1998 1999 200
Page 105 and 106: 7 DRAFT Elevation (m) 1 0 -1 -2 -3
Page 107 and 108: 8 24 25 29 DRAFT Figure 3-20, 3-21
Page 109 and 110: DRAFT Figure 3-22 HBMP & EPCHC 2000
Page 111 and 112: DRAFT of the river between the dam
Page 113 and 114: DRAFT 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 10 11
Page 115 and 116: DRAFT The HBMP project (PBSJ 2003)
Page 117 and 118: DRAFT xanthurus) red drum (Sciaenop
Page 119 and 120: DRAFT as manatees seek fresh water
Page 121 and 122: 1999 2000 2001 2002 DRAFT 35 TmpSS_
Page 123 and 124: DRAFT Platt Street 1974-2002 Columb
Page 125 and 126: DRAFT Median and minimum water temp
Page 127 and 128: DRAFT Figure 3-31 1999 2000 2001 20
Page 129 and 130: DRAFT Figure 3-33 2001 2002 2003 20
Page 131 and 132: DRAFT CHAPTER 4 TECHNICAL APPROACH
Page 133 and 134: DRAFT The sum of these consideratio
Page 135 and 136: DRAFT It is the conclusion of this
Page 137 and 138: DRAFT criteria. The
Page 139: DRAFT reach of the river 50 meters
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DRAFT of the dam. The experiments w
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DRAFT Salinity incursions above the
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DRAFT Figure 5-3. A - D. Box and wh
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DRAFT The results of the vertical p
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DRAFT Sulphur Springs < 33 cfs, Hil
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DRAFT Other breakpoints in the data
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DRAFT 40 Percent of Observations -
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DRAFT It is possible that infrequen
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DRAFT The effects of tide stage on
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DRAFT medians rise to near -0.2 fee
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DRAFT Sulphur Springs < 33 cfs, Hil
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DRAFT Sulphur Springs on salinity d
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7 29 DRAFT Elevation (m) 0/0cfs 1 0
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23 24 24 25 25 29 DRAFT Figures 14,
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DRAFT Viewed strictly from the infl
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DRAFT water removed would fluctuate
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DRAFT euryhaline, there were also m
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DRAFT 01/90 01/93 01/96 01/99 01/02
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DRAFT the intent of that condition
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DRAFT included inflows to the model
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DRAFT Flows for Sulphur Springs wer
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DRAFT ∆T represents the differenc
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DRAFT Figure 25 Temp (C) 22 Histori
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DRAFT Figure 26 Temp (C) 24 22 Hist
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DRAFT Similar to the coldest period
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DRAFT 5.7. Consideration of future
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DRAFT Culter, J. 1986. Benthic Inve
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DRAFT Shafland, P. L. and K. J. Foo
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APPENDIX A (from Chapter 2) Time se
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Sulphur Springs Water Quality 1991-
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Appendix B. Presence of macroinvert
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Appendix C. Percent composition of
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Appendix C. Percent composition of
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APPENDIX D (from Chapter 3) Percent
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APPENDIX D. Percent composition of
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APPENDIX D. Percent composition of
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APPENDIX E (from Chapter 3) Abundan
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BARE SAND FILAMENTOUS ALGAE COMBINE
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APPENDIX F - HILLSBOROUGH RIVER TEM
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Appendix G Daily values for mean, m
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APPENDIX H (from Chapter 5) Time se
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Experiment Number 6
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Appendix I Daily values for minimum
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28FEB2000 9.8 0.0 1.9 9.7 7.8 . 18.
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12FEB2001 14.0 3.5 1.7 4.6 2.9 1.1
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The Determination of Minimum Flows for Sulphur Springs, Tampa

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