The Determination of Minimum Flows for Sulphur Springs, Tampa

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DRAFT In the absence of pollution, nutrient levels in the Upper Floridan Aquifer are generally very low (SWFWMD 2001). Since their flows are dominated by groundwater discharge, springs in largely pristine regions would be expected to have lower nutrient concentrations than streams that receive overland runoff. The nutrient concentrations in Sulphur Springs indicate nutrient enrichment of the groundwater sources that contribute to the spring, which is not surprising given the location of the spring in a heavily urbanized/industrialized setting. Since monthly data collection began in 1991, Sulphur Springs has frequently exceeded drinking water standards for chloride, sulfate, color and TDS. This had been particularly the case for chloride and TDS, reflecting the brackish influence on the spring water chemistry. Violations of potable water standards have been less frequent for sulfate (33% of observations). Receiving water body standards for Class I (potable waters) are listed in Table 2-3. Sulphur Springs periodically exceeds these standards for chloride, TDS, and dissolved oxygen. However, as discussed later in this report, fall of the water over the outlet structure at the spring effectively aerates the spring discharge. As previously discussed, long-term data for specific conductance indicate the discharge of Sulphur Springs has become increasingly mineralized over the last thirty years. Other water quality parameters in the City of Tampa's monitoring program have shown changes since 1991. Time series plots of parameters measured monthly by the City are included in Appendix A, along with LOESS lines to indicate general trends in changes over time. All parameters were plotted on a linear scale using the entire dataset. In order to accommodate the range of values, some parameters were also plotted on a log 10 axis, resulting in the censoring of zero concentration values. In addition, in a few cases the upper limit of data was censured in the log scale portrayal in order to better illustrate the temporal changes in the bulk of data. Table 2-3. Comparison of monthly water quality data from spring pool (1991-2002) with water quality standards. Drinking Water Standard Water Quality Criteria – Class I Number Exceedances pH 6.5 – 8.5 6.0 – 8.5 0 0% NO 2 -N 1 mg/l 1 1% NO 3 -N 10 mg/l 10 mg/l 0 Percent of Exceedance Dissolved 5.0 mg/l minimum 138 96% Oxygen Chloride 250 mg/l 250 mg/l 135 99% SO 4 250 mg/l 45 33% Color 15 pcu 59 41% TDS 250 mg/l 1,000 mg/l 131 (1) 97% (1) Drinking Water Exceedances 2 -34
DRAFT These plots indicate that historically color, pH, nutrients and suspended solids were higher and dissolved oxygen concentrations were lower than at present. For several of the parameters, an apparent change in water quality occurred during 1995-1997. For example, Figure 2-28 illustrates the temporal change in nitrate nitrogen and that is typical of several parameters. Nitrate (NO 3 -N), nitrite (NO 2 -N), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), total nitrogen (TN), and total suspended solids (TSS) exhibit apparent concentration maxima during this period. By contrast, concentration minima appear in the BOD and turbidity time series. A non-parametric (Kruskal-Wallis) comparison of 1996 or earlier concentrations with 1997 or newer concentrations was completed to determine if the apparent differences before and after was statistically significant at the p < 0.05 level. Table 2-4 provides these results and indicates that for most parameters the apparent visual difference is also statistically significant. NO3-N (mg/l) 1.00 0.10 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 Year 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Figure 2-28. Temporal trend in nitrate nitrogen in the Sulphur Springs Pool for 1991-2003 (three values not shown). A second inflection period appears to have occurred in 1999-2000. This period represents concentration minima for total organic carbon (TOC), color, dissolved oxygen, nitrite and potentially ortho-phosphate phosphorus, although the latter may be an artifact of a lower analytical detection limit. During the same period, turbidity and possibly BOD reached period of record maxima, although the BOD results may also be a detection limit artifact. 2 -35
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The Determination of Minimum Flows
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DRAFT TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tab
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4.5 Goal 1 - Minimize the incursion
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DRAFT LIST OF FIGURES Chapter 2 - P
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Fig. 3-13 Fig. 3-14 Fig. 3-15 Fig.
Page 14 and 15: Fig. 5-7 Fig. 5-8 Fig. 5-9 Fig. 5-1
Page 16 and 17: Acronyms and Definitions DRAFT AMO
Page 18 and 19: DRAFT Executive Summary The Southwe
Page 20: DRAFT below 19 feet NGVD of 1929. T
Page 24 and 25: CHAPTER 1 PURPOSE AND BACKGROUND OF
Page 26 and 27: DRAFT water, or aquifer, provided t
Page 28: DRAFT one the indicators were the f
Page 31 and 32: DRAFT The spring and its run lie in
Page 33 and 34: DRAFT Figure 2-3. Recent photograph
Page 35 and 36: 2 - 6 DRAFT
Page 37 and 38: DRAFT -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 0.4 4
Page 39 and 40: DRAFT 10.0 Yrly_Pumpage.grf 15 Annu
Page 41 and 42: DRAFT 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 35 D
Page 43 and 44: DRAFT Figure 2-14. Return flow stru
Page 45 and 46: DRAFT 40 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Ju
Page 47 and 48: DRAFT due to withdrawals for public
Page 49 and 50: DRAFT Figure 2-19 . Temporal trend
Page 51 and 52: DRAFT Figure 2-20. Temporal trends
Page 53: DRAFT In comparison to specific con
Page 57 and 58: DRAFT average daily withdrawals for
Page 59 and 60: DRAFT Figure 2-25. Average specific
Page 61 and 62: DRAFT withdrawal rate of 31 cfs dur
Page 63: DRAFT Table 2-2. Sulphur Springs su
Page 67 and 68: DRAFT CHAPTER 3 ECOLOGICAL RESOURCE
Page 69 and 70: DRAFT 3 Run_Riv_Stg.grf Water Surfa
Page 71 and 72: DRAFT 3.4 Salinity in the spring ru
Page 73 and 74: DRAFT 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Page 75 and 76: DRAFT pumping events resulted in sa
Page 77 and 78: DRAFT As discussed in Section 2.5.3
Page 79 and 80: DRAFT tolerate and are frequently f
Page 81 and 82: DRAFT Appendix B are color coded to
Page 83 and 84: DRAFT habitat in the lower river pr
Page 85 and 86: DRAFT The FWC using a modified stra
Page 87 and 88: DRAFT increased with a return to no
Page 89 and 90: DRAFT 2000. The results from three
Page 91 and 92: DRAFT species (10 to 13) were colle
Page 93 and 94: DRAFT 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990
Page 95 and 96: DRAFT . 1000.00 100.00 10.00 1.00 0
Page 97 and 98: DRAFT 3.9.2 The effects of flows fr
Page 99 and 100: DRAFT Data from the Tampa Bay Water
Page 101 and 102: DRAFT EPCHC Period of Record Data L
Page 103 and 104: DRAFT 35 30 1996 1997 1998 1999 200
Page 105 and 106: 7 DRAFT Elevation (m) 1 0 -1 -2 -3
Page 107 and 108: 8 24 25 29 DRAFT Figure 3-20, 3-21
Page 109 and 110: DRAFT Figure 3-22 HBMP & EPCHC 2000
Page 111 and 112: DRAFT of the river between the dam
Page 113 and 114: DRAFT 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 10 11
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DRAFT The HBMP project (PBSJ 2003)
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DRAFT xanthurus) red drum (Sciaenop
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DRAFT as manatees seek fresh water
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1999 2000 2001 2002 DRAFT 35 TmpSS_
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DRAFT Platt Street 1974-2002 Columb
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DRAFT Median and minimum water temp
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DRAFT Figure 3-31 1999 2000 2001 20
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DRAFT Figure 3-33 2001 2002 2003 20
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DRAFT CHAPTER 4 TECHNICAL APPROACH
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DRAFT The sum of these consideratio
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DRAFT It is the conclusion of this
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DRAFT criteria. The
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DRAFT reach of the river 50 meters
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DRAFT of the dam. The experiments w
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DRAFT Salinity incursions above the
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DRAFT Figure 5-3. A - D. Box and wh
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DRAFT The results of the vertical p
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DRAFT Sulphur Springs < 33 cfs, Hil
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DRAFT Other breakpoints in the data
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DRAFT 40 Percent of Observations -
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DRAFT It is possible that infrequen
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DRAFT The effects of tide stage on
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DRAFT medians rise to near -0.2 fee
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DRAFT Sulphur Springs < 33 cfs, Hil
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DRAFT Sulphur Springs on salinity d
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7 29 DRAFT Elevation (m) 0/0cfs 1 0
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23 24 24 25 25 29 DRAFT Figures 14,
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DRAFT Viewed strictly from the infl
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DRAFT water removed would fluctuate
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DRAFT euryhaline, there were also m
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DRAFT 01/90 01/93 01/96 01/99 01/02
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DRAFT the intent of that condition
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DRAFT included inflows to the model
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DRAFT Flows for Sulphur Springs wer
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DRAFT ∆T represents the differenc
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DRAFT Figure 25 Temp (C) 22 Histori
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DRAFT Figure 26 Temp (C) 24 22 Hist
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DRAFT Similar to the coldest period
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DRAFT 5.7. Consideration of future
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DRAFT Culter, J. 1986. Benthic Inve
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DRAFT Shafland, P. L. and K. J. Foo
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APPENDIX A (from Chapter 2) Time se
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Sulphur Springs Water Quality 1991-
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Appendix B. Presence of macroinvert
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Appendix C. Percent composition of
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Appendix C. Percent composition of
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APPENDIX D (from Chapter 3) Percent
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APPENDIX D. Percent composition of
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APPENDIX D. Percent composition of
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APPENDIX E (from Chapter 3) Abundan
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BARE SAND FILAMENTOUS ALGAE COMBINE
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APPENDIX F - HILLSBOROUGH RIVER TEM
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Appendix G Daily values for mean, m
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APPENDIX H (from Chapter 5) Time se
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Experiment Number 6
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Appendix I Daily values for minimum
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28FEB2000 9.8 0.0 1.9 9.7 7.8 . 18.
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12FEB2001 14.0 3.5 1.7 4.6 2.9 1.1
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