The Determination of Minimum Flows for Sulphur Springs, Tampa

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DRAFT 7000 8 6000 7 Specific Conductance (umhos/cm) 5000 4000 3000 2000 6 5 4 3 2 Gage Height (ft) 1000 Pool Manually Lowered Specific Conductance Height 1 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Date 0 Figure 2-23. Average daily values of water levels and specific conductance for Sulphur Springs Pool for 1999 through 2002. The collection of specific conductance data at the recorder in the spring pool began spring of 1999. Data collected since that time show that gate openings resulted in pronounced spikes in specific conductance. As described earlier, these gate openings also result in increased discharge from the spring due to less head pressure over the spring vent. Apparently, these increases in total springflow are accompanied by increased flows from those conduits in the groundwater system that contribute mineralized, high conductance water to Sulphur Springs. Since the net specific conductance of the discharge from the spring pool increases during these periods, the proportion of flow contributed by these conduits must increase as well. The withdrawal of water from Sulphur Springs pool for water supply can also affect water levels in the pool and the quality of the spring discharge. Plots of 15-minute values of water level and specific conductance in the spring pool are shown along with 2 - 26
DRAFT average daily withdrawals for two series of dates in Figure 2-24 A and B. The first pumping episode involved pumping over a four-day period during January and February 2001 (Figure 2-24A). Initiation of pumping on January 31 resulted in an almost immediate drop in water levels, with the rate of decline slowing after the initial fall. The response of specific conductance was not so immediate, as a steady rate of increase that totaled about 400 µmhos/cm began approximately one day after pumping began. Cessation of pumping on February 3 resulted in a quick rebound in water levels and a slower decline in specific conductance. The time series shown in Figure 2-24B is for an 8-day pumping episode during June 2001. Again, water levels showed an immediate drop in response to pumping, followed by a slower, but continued, decline. Compared to the four-day winter pumping episode, in which water levels fell to 5.9 ft, (Figure 2-24A), water levels fell to 3.9 ft. after eight days of pumping in June (Figure 2-24B). Specific conductance again showed about a one-day lag, with a steady increase that totaled about 1,100 µmhos/cm over the following seven-day period. Again, cessation of pumping resulted in a rebound in water levels and a decline in specific conductance. In order to gain some insight into the effects of withdrawals from the spring, it is helpful to filter out the seasonal changes that occur in both the flow and specific conductance values for the spring. Plots of daily specific conductance values vs. day of the year are overlain for the years 2001 and 2002 in Figure 2-25. The curves for these years are very similar, reflecting the periodicity of a seasonal component. Some of the unusually large spikes in specific conductance correspond to those times that the spring pool was manually lowered. In addition to the plots for the two individual years, there is also shown a LOESS (Locally Estimated Scatter plot Smoothing) regression line of the data for the year 2001. This year was chosen simply because there were no significant manual pool lowerings during that year, although there were a noticeable number of withdrawals. The LOESS regression line bears a similarity to the seasonal pattern of average monthly values shown in Figure 2-15. It is reasonable to assume that this regression model can represent the seasonal component of specific conductance. If this assumption is valid, then by examining the residuals, or the difference between the actual data and the values predicted by the model, one could examine how other factors may influence conductance in addition to the seasonal component. The residual conductance values for 2001 are plotted in Figure 2-26 along with daily pumpage records from the springs. The pumping events have been shifted by one day. That is, today's specific conductance is plotted against the previous day’s withdrawal event. This takes into account the slight lag time of the response of the water quality to the withdrawal event. During the first half of the year when most of the withdrawal events occurred, the number of spikes in specific conductance is noticeably higher when compared to the latter half of the year. Equally obvious is the direct correspondence between the pumping events and the specific conductance spikes. 2 - 27
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The Determination of Minimum Flows
Page 4 and 5: DRAFT TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tab
Page 6: 4.5 Goal 1 - Minimize the incursion
Page 10 and 11: DRAFT LIST OF FIGURES Chapter 2 - P
Page 12 and 13: Fig. 3-13 Fig. 3-14 Fig. 3-15 Fig.
Page 14 and 15: Fig. 5-7 Fig. 5-8 Fig. 5-9 Fig. 5-1
Page 16 and 17: Acronyms and Definitions DRAFT AMO
Page 18 and 19: DRAFT Executive Summary The Southwe
Page 20: DRAFT below 19 feet NGVD of 1929. T
Page 24 and 25: CHAPTER 1 PURPOSE AND BACKGROUND OF
Page 26 and 27: DRAFT water, or aquifer, provided t
Page 28: DRAFT one the indicators were the f
Page 31 and 32: DRAFT The spring and its run lie in
Page 33 and 34: DRAFT Figure 2-3. Recent photograph
Page 35 and 36: 2 - 6 DRAFT
Page 37 and 38: DRAFT -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 0.4 4
Page 39 and 40: DRAFT 10.0 Yrly_Pumpage.grf 15 Annu
Page 41 and 42: DRAFT 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 35 D
Page 43 and 44: DRAFT Figure 2-14. Return flow stru
Page 45 and 46: DRAFT 40 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Ju
Page 47 and 48: DRAFT due to withdrawals for public
Page 49 and 50: DRAFT Figure 2-19 . Temporal trend
Page 51 and 52: DRAFT Figure 2-20. Temporal trends
Page 53: DRAFT In comparison to specific con
Page 59 and 60: DRAFT Figure 2-25. Average specific
Page 61 and 62: DRAFT withdrawal rate of 31 cfs dur
Page 63 and 64: DRAFT Table 2-2. Sulphur Springs su
Page 65 and 66: DRAFT These plots indicate that his
Page 67 and 68: DRAFT CHAPTER 3 ECOLOGICAL RESOURCE
Page 69 and 70: DRAFT 3 Run_Riv_Stg.grf Water Surfa
Page 71 and 72: DRAFT 3.4 Salinity in the spring ru
Page 73 and 74: DRAFT 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Page 75 and 76: DRAFT pumping events resulted in sa
Page 77 and 78: DRAFT As discussed in Section 2.5.3
Page 79 and 80: DRAFT tolerate and are frequently f
Page 81 and 82: DRAFT Appendix B are color coded to
Page 83 and 84: DRAFT habitat in the lower river pr
Page 85 and 86: DRAFT The FWC using a modified stra
Page 87 and 88: DRAFT increased with a return to no
Page 89 and 90: DRAFT 2000. The results from three
Page 91 and 92: DRAFT species (10 to 13) were colle
Page 93 and 94: DRAFT 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990
Page 95 and 96: DRAFT . 1000.00 100.00 10.00 1.00 0
Page 97 and 98: DRAFT 3.9.2 The effects of flows fr
Page 99 and 100: DRAFT Data from the Tampa Bay Water
Page 101 and 102: DRAFT EPCHC Period of Record Data L
Page 103 and 104: DRAFT 35 30 1996 1997 1998 1999 200
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7 DRAFT Elevation (m) 1 0 -1 -2 -3
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8 24 25 29 DRAFT Figure 3-20, 3-21
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DRAFT Figure 3-22 HBMP & EPCHC 2000
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DRAFT of the river between the dam
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DRAFT 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 10 11
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DRAFT The HBMP project (PBSJ 2003)
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DRAFT xanthurus) red drum (Sciaenop
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DRAFT as manatees seek fresh water
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1999 2000 2001 2002 DRAFT 35 TmpSS_
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DRAFT Platt Street 1974-2002 Columb
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DRAFT Median and minimum water temp
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DRAFT Figure 3-31 1999 2000 2001 20
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DRAFT Figure 3-33 2001 2002 2003 20
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DRAFT CHAPTER 4 TECHNICAL APPROACH
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DRAFT The sum of these consideratio
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DRAFT It is the conclusion of this
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DRAFT criteria. The
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DRAFT reach of the river 50 meters
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DRAFT of the dam. The experiments w
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DRAFT Salinity incursions above the
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DRAFT Figure 5-3. A - D. Box and wh
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DRAFT The results of the vertical p
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DRAFT Sulphur Springs < 33 cfs, Hil
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DRAFT Other breakpoints in the data
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DRAFT 40 Percent of Observations -
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DRAFT It is possible that infrequen
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DRAFT The effects of tide stage on
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DRAFT medians rise to near -0.2 fee
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DRAFT Sulphur Springs < 33 cfs, Hil
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DRAFT Sulphur Springs on salinity d
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7 29 DRAFT Elevation (m) 0/0cfs 1 0
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23 24 24 25 25 29 DRAFT Figures 14,
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DRAFT Viewed strictly from the infl
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DRAFT water removed would fluctuate
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DRAFT euryhaline, there were also m
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DRAFT 01/90 01/93 01/96 01/99 01/02
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DRAFT the intent of that condition
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DRAFT included inflows to the model
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DRAFT Flows for Sulphur Springs wer
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DRAFT ∆T represents the differenc
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DRAFT Figure 25 Temp (C) 22 Histori
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DRAFT Figure 26 Temp (C) 24 22 Hist
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DRAFT Similar to the coldest period
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DRAFT 5.7. Consideration of future
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DRAFT Culter, J. 1986. Benthic Inve
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DRAFT Shafland, P. L. and K. J. Foo
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APPENDIX A (from Chapter 2) Time se
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Sulphur Springs Water Quality 1991-
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Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
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Page 213 and 214:
Appendix B. Presence of macroinvert
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Appendix C. Percent composition of
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Appendix C. Percent composition of
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APPENDIX D (from Chapter 3) Percent
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APPENDIX D. Percent composition of
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APPENDIX D. Percent composition of
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APPENDIX E (from Chapter 3) Abundan
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BARE SAND FILAMENTOUS ALGAE COMBINE
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APPENDIX F - HILLSBOROUGH RIVER TEM
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Appendix G Daily values for mean, m
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APPENDIX H (from Chapter 5) Time se
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Experiment Number 6
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Appendix I Daily values for minimum
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28FEB2000 9.8 0.0 1.9 9.7 7.8 . 18.
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12FEB2001 14.0 3.5 1.7 4.6 2.9 1.1
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The Determination of Minimum Flows for Sulphur Springs, Tampa

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