The Determination of Minimum Flows for Sulphur Springs, Tampa

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DRAFT Since April 1999, the USGS has also collected water temperature and specific conductance data in the spring pool every 15 minutes using a continuous recording device. Water level records at this site (# 02306000) go back to 1959, with periodic measurements extending back further. Fifteen-minute data for temperature and specific conductance at this recorder began in April 1999 as part of the District-funded minimum flow study for Sulphur Springs. 2.5.2 Trends in specific conductance Specific conductance, or the capability of water to conduct an electrical current, is a measure of the total dissolved inorganic ions in water. The specific conductance of most freshwater streams and springs in Florida is less than 500 µmhos/cm. Friedman and Hand (1986) reported a median value of 366 µmhos/cm for Florida springs, and state that values over 1,500 µmhos/cm reflect the effects of salt water at some sites. Based on recent data from the spring pool, Sulphur Springs can be considered a slightly brackish, mineralized spring. The mean specific conductance value for the monthly data from the City of Tampa during 2001-2002 was 3,093 µmhos/cm, with a range of 1,971 to 4,040 µmhos/cm. Similarly, the mean specific conductance value for the USGS recorder for 2001-2002 was 3,218 µmhos/cm, with average daily values ranging from 1,821 to 6,558 µmhos/cm. The mineralization of the spring is also reflected in high total dissolved solids concentrations (TDS). In the monthly samples for 2001-2002, TDS ranged between 1,128 and 3,177 mg/l with an average 1,834 mg/l. These concentrations are well over the Florida potable water standard of 250 mg/l for total dissolved solids. Data from the spring pool and a nearby well indicate that ground-water quality in the immediate vicinity of Sulphur Springs is becoming increasingly mineralized. Specific conductance values in the spring outflow and the underlying Upper Floridan Aquifer have been steadily increasing since approximately 1973 to present. The Tourist Club Floridan monitor well is located approximately 260 feet (79 m) from Sulphur Springs. It is cased to 80 feet (24 m) and is 318 feet (67 m) deep. Specific conductance measured in the well has increased from around 5,000 to over 15,000 µmhos/cm at an average rate of 331 µmhos/cm/yr (Figure 2-20). Salinity, as calculated from the specific conductance using the equations of Jaeger (1973), has shown an increase of 0.20 ppt/year for the same period. Specific conductance in the discharge from Sulphur Springs has also shown a pronounced increase, but at a lesser rate (Figure 2-21). Prior to about 1973, the spring's specific conductance was fairly constant at about 1,000 µmhos/cm. However, beginning in 1973, specific conductance values began climbing at an estimated rate of 65 µmhos/cm/yr to the present level of approximately 3,000 µmhos/cm. Some readings have been as high as 6,000 µmhos/cm. Salinity values have shown an increase of 0.036 ppt/year after 1973. 2 - 21
DRAFT Figure 2-20. Temporal trends of specific conductance and salinity in the Tourist Club well. Kendall-Theil slope shown. . 2 - 22
Page 1 and 2: The Determination of Minimum Flows
Page 4 and 5: DRAFT TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tab
Page 6: 4.5 Goal 1 - Minimize the incursion
Page 10 and 11: DRAFT LIST OF FIGURES Chapter 2 - P
Page 12 and 13: Fig. 3-13 Fig. 3-14 Fig. 3-15 Fig.
Page 14 and 15: Fig. 5-7 Fig. 5-8 Fig. 5-9 Fig. 5-1
Page 16 and 17: Acronyms and Definitions DRAFT AMO
Page 18 and 19: DRAFT Executive Summary The Southwe
Page 20: DRAFT below 19 feet NGVD of 1929. T
Page 24 and 25: CHAPTER 1 PURPOSE AND BACKGROUND OF
Page 26 and 27: DRAFT water, or aquifer, provided t
Page 28: DRAFT one the indicators were the f
Page 31 and 32: DRAFT The spring and its run lie in
Page 33 and 34: DRAFT Figure 2-3. Recent photograph
Page 35 and 36: 2 - 6 DRAFT
Page 37 and 38: DRAFT -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 0.4 4
Page 39 and 40: DRAFT 10.0 Yrly_Pumpage.grf 15 Annu
Page 41 and 42: DRAFT 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 35 D
Page 43 and 44: DRAFT Figure 2-14. Return flow stru
Page 45 and 46: DRAFT 40 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Ju
Page 47 and 48: DRAFT due to withdrawals for public
Page 49: DRAFT Figure 2-19 . Temporal trend
Page 53: DRAFT In comparison to specific con
Page 57 and 58: DRAFT average daily withdrawals for
Page 59 and 60: DRAFT Figure 2-25. Average specific
Page 61 and 62: DRAFT withdrawal rate of 31 cfs dur
Page 63 and 64: DRAFT Table 2-2. Sulphur Springs su
Page 65 and 66: DRAFT These plots indicate that his
Page 67 and 68: DRAFT CHAPTER 3 ECOLOGICAL RESOURCE
Page 69 and 70: DRAFT 3 Run_Riv_Stg.grf Water Surfa
Page 71 and 72: DRAFT 3.4 Salinity in the spring ru
Page 73 and 74: DRAFT 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Page 75 and 76: DRAFT pumping events resulted in sa
Page 77 and 78: DRAFT As discussed in Section 2.5.3
Page 79 and 80: DRAFT tolerate and are frequently f
Page 81 and 82: DRAFT Appendix B are color coded to
Page 83 and 84: DRAFT habitat in the lower river pr
Page 85 and 86: DRAFT The FWC using a modified stra
Page 87 and 88: DRAFT increased with a return to no
Page 89 and 90: DRAFT 2000. The results from three
Page 91 and 92: DRAFT species (10 to 13) were colle
Page 93 and 94: DRAFT 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990
Page 95 and 96: DRAFT . 1000.00 100.00 10.00 1.00 0
Page 97 and 98: DRAFT 3.9.2 The effects of flows fr
Page 99 and 100: DRAFT Data from the Tampa Bay Water
Page 101 and 102:
DRAFT EPCHC Period of Record Data L
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DRAFT 35 30 1996 1997 1998 1999 200
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7 DRAFT Elevation (m) 1 0 -1 -2 -3
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8 24 25 29 DRAFT Figure 3-20, 3-21
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DRAFT Figure 3-22 HBMP & EPCHC 2000
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DRAFT of the river between the dam
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DRAFT 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 10 11
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DRAFT The HBMP project (PBSJ 2003)
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DRAFT xanthurus) red drum (Sciaenop
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DRAFT as manatees seek fresh water
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1999 2000 2001 2002 DRAFT 35 TmpSS_
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DRAFT Platt Street 1974-2002 Columb
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DRAFT Median and minimum water temp
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DRAFT Figure 3-31 1999 2000 2001 20
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DRAFT Figure 3-33 2001 2002 2003 20
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DRAFT CHAPTER 4 TECHNICAL APPROACH
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DRAFT The sum of these consideratio
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DRAFT It is the conclusion of this
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DRAFT criteria. The
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DRAFT reach of the river 50 meters
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DRAFT of the dam. The experiments w
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DRAFT Salinity incursions above the
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DRAFT Figure 5-3. A - D. Box and wh
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DRAFT The results of the vertical p
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DRAFT Sulphur Springs < 33 cfs, Hil
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DRAFT Other breakpoints in the data
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DRAFT 40 Percent of Observations -
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DRAFT It is possible that infrequen
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DRAFT The effects of tide stage on
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DRAFT medians rise to near -0.2 fee
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DRAFT Sulphur Springs < 33 cfs, Hil
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DRAFT Sulphur Springs on salinity d
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7 29 DRAFT Elevation (m) 0/0cfs 1 0
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23 24 24 25 25 29 DRAFT Figures 14,
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DRAFT Viewed strictly from the infl
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DRAFT water removed would fluctuate
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DRAFT euryhaline, there were also m
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DRAFT 01/90 01/93 01/96 01/99 01/02
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DRAFT the intent of that condition
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DRAFT included inflows to the model
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DRAFT Flows for Sulphur Springs wer
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DRAFT ∆T represents the differenc
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DRAFT Figure 25 Temp (C) 22 Histori
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DRAFT Figure 26 Temp (C) 24 22 Hist
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DRAFT Similar to the coldest period
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DRAFT 5.7. Consideration of future
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DRAFT Culter, J. 1986. Benthic Inve
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DRAFT Shafland, P. L. and K. J. Foo
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APPENDIX A (from Chapter 2) Time se
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Sulphur Springs Water Quality 1991-
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Page 207 and 208:
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Page 213 and 214:
Appendix B. Presence of macroinvert
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Appendix C. Percent composition of
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Appendix C. Percent composition of
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APPENDIX D (from Chapter 3) Percent
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APPENDIX D. Percent composition of
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APPENDIX D. Percent composition of
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APPENDIX E (from Chapter 3) Abundan
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BARE SAND FILAMENTOUS ALGAE COMBINE
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Page 237 and 238:
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APPENDIX F - HILLSBOROUGH RIVER TEM
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Appendix G Daily values for mean, m
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APPENDIX H (from Chapter 5) Time se
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Experiment Number 6
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Appendix I Daily values for minimum
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28FEB2000 9.8 0.0 1.9 9.7 7.8 . 18.
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12FEB2001 14.0 3.5 1.7 4.6 2.9 1.1
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The Determination of Minimum Flows for Sulphur Springs, Tampa

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