The Determination of Minimum Flows for Sulphur Springs, Tampa

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DRAFT Formation and act as a hydrologic confinement layer separating the surficial water table from the underlying Upper Floridan aquifer. Beneath the confining layer is the weathered surface of the Miocene Tampa Limestone, underlain by the Oligocene Suwannee Limestone, Eocene Ocala Limestone, Avon Park Limestone and the Oldsmar Limestone. Together these carbonate sequences comprise the Upper Floridan aquifer. The Tampa Limestone is a white, gray, and tan sandy limestone with a great number of fractures, solution channels and numerous sinkholes. It is also an important source of water supply. The underlying Suwannee Limestone is a yellow-white to light brown fossiliferous limestone and is the source of most domestic water in the area (Knutilla and Corral, Jr. 1984). Although the Avon Park Limestone is an important source of water, particularly from the highly fractured zone, it is separated from the overlying formations by the Ocala Limestone, a yellow-gray, chalky, fossiliferous limestone that is not a very good producer of water. The Ocala acts as a semi-permeable confining unit separating the Avon Park from the overlying units. The consequence is that the portions of the aquifer below the Suwannee Limestone are not likely to be important contributors to the flow at Sulphur Spring. 2.4.2 Springflow characteristics Sulphur Springs is an artesian spring from which ground waters discharge due to hydrostatic pressure in the underlying aquifers. The average flow for Sulphur Springs is 31.4 cfs for the period 1991 through 2002. Correcting this value for withdrawals by the City of Tampa (adding withdrawals to flow) yields an average flow of 34.3 cfs. Flows from Sulphur Springs exhibit slight seasonal variation in response to the progression of dry and wet seasons in west-central Florida. Average monthly withdrawal-corrected flows range from 28.9 cfs in June, just after the spring dry season, to 39.4 cfs in September (Figure 2-15). Duration curves for flows at Sulphur Springs are presented in Figure 2-16 for days when there were no withdrawals and the complete daily record (including withdrawals). The curves are relatively similar but diverge at low flows, showing the effect of the periodic withdrawals by the City. As with most other springs, flows from Sulphur Springs are much more stable than flows in freshwater streams that receive surface runoff. Eighty percent of the daily flow values with no withdrawals range between 26 and 48 cfs (Figure 2-16). Water flowing from the spring has two sources. The primary source is from the Tampa and Suwannee limestones of the Upper Floridan Aquifer. Much, if not all, of the ground water component flows along fractures and solution channels. Some of the solution channels connect with sinkholes in the area, which are extremely numerous (Figure 2- 17). To a lesser degree some stormwater runoff, which has been captured by the sinks, flows along the same conduits to Sulphur Springs, although that contribution has 2 - 15
DRAFT 40 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. SS_PmpCorrect.grf 40 Spring Discharge (cfs) 30 20 10 30 20 10 0 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Month 0 Figure 2-15. Average monthly flows from Sulphur Springs corrected for withdrawals for 1991 – 2002. 1.0 0.9 0.8 Fraction of Data 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Sulphur Springs Flow (cfs) Figure 2-16. Flow duration curves for daily flow values from Sulphur Springs for days with no withdrawals (blue) and complete daily records (red) for 1991 – 2002. 2 - 16
Page 1 and 2: The Determination of Minimum Flows
Page 4 and 5: DRAFT TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tab
Page 6: 4.5 Goal 1 - Minimize the incursion
Page 10 and 11: DRAFT LIST OF FIGURES Chapter 2 - P
Page 12 and 13: Fig. 3-13 Fig. 3-14 Fig. 3-15 Fig.
Page 14 and 15: Fig. 5-7 Fig. 5-8 Fig. 5-9 Fig. 5-1
Page 16 and 17: Acronyms and Definitions DRAFT AMO
Page 18 and 19: DRAFT Executive Summary The Southwe
Page 20: DRAFT below 19 feet NGVD of 1929. T
Page 24 and 25: CHAPTER 1 PURPOSE AND BACKGROUND OF
Page 26 and 27: DRAFT water, or aquifer, provided t
Page 28: DRAFT one the indicators were the f
Page 31 and 32: DRAFT The spring and its run lie in
Page 33 and 34: DRAFT Figure 2-3. Recent photograph
Page 35 and 36: 2 - 6 DRAFT
Page 37 and 38: DRAFT -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 0.4 4
Page 39 and 40: DRAFT 10.0 Yrly_Pumpage.grf 15 Annu
Page 41 and 42: DRAFT 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 35 D
Page 43: DRAFT Figure 2-14. Return flow stru
Page 47 and 48: DRAFT due to withdrawals for public
Page 49 and 50: DRAFT Figure 2-19 . Temporal trend
Page 51 and 52: DRAFT Figure 2-20. Temporal trends
Page 53: DRAFT In comparison to specific con
Page 57 and 58: DRAFT average daily withdrawals for
Page 59 and 60: DRAFT Figure 2-25. Average specific
Page 61 and 62: DRAFT withdrawal rate of 31 cfs dur
Page 63 and 64: DRAFT Table 2-2. Sulphur Springs su
Page 65 and 66: DRAFT These plots indicate that his
Page 67 and 68: DRAFT CHAPTER 3 ECOLOGICAL RESOURCE
Page 69 and 70: DRAFT 3 Run_Riv_Stg.grf Water Surfa
Page 71 and 72: DRAFT 3.4 Salinity in the spring ru
Page 73 and 74: DRAFT 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Page 75 and 76: DRAFT pumping events resulted in sa
Page 77 and 78: DRAFT As discussed in Section 2.5.3
Page 79 and 80: DRAFT tolerate and are frequently f
Page 81 and 82: DRAFT Appendix B are color coded to
Page 83 and 84: DRAFT habitat in the lower river pr
Page 85 and 86: DRAFT The FWC using a modified stra
Page 87 and 88: DRAFT increased with a return to no
Page 89 and 90: DRAFT 2000. The results from three
Page 91 and 92: DRAFT species (10 to 13) were colle
Page 93 and 94: DRAFT 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990
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DRAFT . 1000.00 100.00 10.00 1.00 0
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DRAFT 3.9.2 The effects of flows fr
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DRAFT Data from the Tampa Bay Water
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DRAFT EPCHC Period of Record Data L
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DRAFT 35 30 1996 1997 1998 1999 200
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7 DRAFT Elevation (m) 1 0 -1 -2 -3
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8 24 25 29 DRAFT Figure 3-20, 3-21
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DRAFT Figure 3-22 HBMP & EPCHC 2000
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DRAFT of the river between the dam
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DRAFT 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 10 11
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DRAFT The HBMP project (PBSJ 2003)
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DRAFT xanthurus) red drum (Sciaenop
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DRAFT as manatees seek fresh water
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1999 2000 2001 2002 DRAFT 35 TmpSS_
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DRAFT Platt Street 1974-2002 Columb
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DRAFT Median and minimum water temp
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DRAFT Figure 3-31 1999 2000 2001 20
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DRAFT Figure 3-33 2001 2002 2003 20
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DRAFT CHAPTER 4 TECHNICAL APPROACH
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DRAFT The sum of these consideratio
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DRAFT It is the conclusion of this
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DRAFT criteria. The
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DRAFT reach of the river 50 meters
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DRAFT of the dam. The experiments w
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DRAFT Salinity incursions above the
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DRAFT Figure 5-3. A - D. Box and wh
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DRAFT The results of the vertical p
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DRAFT Sulphur Springs < 33 cfs, Hil
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DRAFT Other breakpoints in the data
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DRAFT 40 Percent of Observations -
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DRAFT It is possible that infrequen
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DRAFT The effects of tide stage on
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DRAFT medians rise to near -0.2 fee
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DRAFT Sulphur Springs < 33 cfs, Hil
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DRAFT Sulphur Springs on salinity d
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7 29 DRAFT Elevation (m) 0/0cfs 1 0
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23 24 24 25 25 29 DRAFT Figures 14,
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DRAFT Viewed strictly from the infl
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DRAFT water removed would fluctuate
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DRAFT euryhaline, there were also m
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DRAFT 01/90 01/93 01/96 01/99 01/02
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DRAFT the intent of that condition
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DRAFT included inflows to the model
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DRAFT Flows for Sulphur Springs wer
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DRAFT ∆T represents the differenc
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DRAFT Figure 25 Temp (C) 22 Histori
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DRAFT Figure 26 Temp (C) 24 22 Hist
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DRAFT Similar to the coldest period
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DRAFT 5.7. Consideration of future
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DRAFT Culter, J. 1986. Benthic Inve
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DRAFT Shafland, P. L. and K. J. Foo
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APPENDIX A (from Chapter 2) Time se
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Sulphur Springs Water Quality 1991-
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Appendix B. Presence of macroinvert
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Appendix C. Percent composition of
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Appendix C. Percent composition of
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APPENDIX D (from Chapter 3) Percent
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APPENDIX D. Percent composition of
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APPENDIX D. Percent composition of
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APPENDIX E (from Chapter 3) Abundan
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BARE SAND FILAMENTOUS ALGAE COMBINE
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APPENDIX F - HILLSBOROUGH RIVER TEM
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Appendix G Daily values for mean, m
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APPENDIX H (from Chapter 5) Time se
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Experiment Number 6
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Appendix I Daily values for minimum
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28FEB2000 9.8 0.0 1.9 9.7 7.8 . 18.
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12FEB2001 14.0 3.5 1.7 4.6 2.9 1.1
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