The Determination of Minimum Flows for Sulphur Springs, Tampa

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DRAFT water, or aquifer, provided that nothing in this paragraph shall allow significant harm as provided by s. 373.042(1) caused by withdrawals” (Section 373.0421, F.S.). In essence, the District is to evaluate and account for the effects of previous structural alterations on a watercourse when assessing the potential for withdrawals to cause significant harm. Given this suite of legislative directives, the basic function of MFLs remains to ensure that the hydrologic requirements of natural systems are met and not jeopardized by excessive withdrawals. In turn, establishment of MFLs are important for water supply planning and regulation since they affect how much water from a water body is available for withdrawal. Because of the central roles that MFLs play in both natural resource protection and water supply management, the methods, data, and analyses on which MFLs are based should be comprehensive and technically sound. For this reason, it is District practice for the technical information upon which a proposed minimum flow is based to be independently reviewed through a formal voluntary peer review process. This process commences upon the publication a draft technical report by District staff that provides the technical justification for the proposed MFLs. Pending the findings of this peer review, the Governing Board may choose to adopt the proposed minimum flows or pursue further analyses and possible revision of the minimum flows. 1.3 Application to MFLS for Sulphur Springs Recent assessments of MFLs for flowing water courses by the state's water management districts have emphasized the maintenance of natural flow regimes, which include seasonal variations of low, medium and high flows that reflect the climatic and watershed characteristics of particular stream or river system (SJRWMD 1994, SWFWMD 2002, SRWMD 2003,). As described in the District's MFL report for the Upper Peace River, this approach endorses the concept that the biotic makeup, structure, and function of an aquatic ecosystem depends largely on the hydrologic regime that shaped its development (Poff et al. 1997 as cited in SWFWMD 2002). District assessments of freshwater inflows to estuaries have similarly emphasized maintaining the patterns of variability associated with natural flow regimes by limiting withdrawals to a percentage of streamflow at the time of withdrawal (Flannery et al. 2002). As described in greater detail in Chapter 4, the District did not employ a flow regime approach to Sulphur Springs for a number of reasons. First, like many artesian springs, the flow regime of Sulphur Springs is relatively stable as seasonal fluctuations of springflow are much less than variations in streamflow in creeks and rivers that receive surface runoff. Secondly, both Sulphur Springs and Lower Hillsborough River are extensively altered by seawalls and water control structures that affect the physical and biological characteristics of these resources. In keeping with the directives of the Florida Statutes described above, the District took these alterations into account in determining minimum flows for the spring. 1 - 3
1 - 4 DRAFT Lastly, the effects of flow from Sulphur Springs on both the spring run and lower river are strongly related to the rate of flow to the lower river from the Hillsborough River reservoir. In recent decades there have been no flows to the lower river from the Hillsborough River reservoir for about half the days each year on average. In the year 2000, the District established a minimum flow of 10 cubic feet per second (cfs) for the Lower Hillsborough River. The District also stipulated that alternate sources of water, including diversions from Sulphur Springs, could be used to provide that flow. As described in Chapter 3, the ecological benefits of flows from the spring to the river are most critical when there would otherwise be no flow from the reservoir and minimum flows to the lower river are in effect. Also, because water flowing from Sulphur Springs exceeds potable water standards for certain constituents, it was assumed there would be little desire to withdraw water from the spring when the reservoir is full and discharging. In consideration of these factors, the District's analysis of minimum flows for Sulphur Springs focused on periods of when there minimum flows to the lower river are in effect, rather than on the historical seasonal characteristics of flow from the spring. The District evaluated rates of flow from Sulphur Springs that would meet management goals in the spring run and lower river during periods of minimum flow from the Hillsborough River reservoir. Relying on data from a variety of sources, these goals were based on analyses of the relationships of springflow to the ecological characteristics of the spring run and lower river. As described in Chapter 4, these management goals are to: 1. Minimize the incursion of water from the Lower Hillsborough River into the upper spring run 2. Maintain low salinity habitats in the Lower Hillsborough River 3. Maintain a thermal refuge for manatees near the mouth of the spring run during winter months These goals were developed to address the needs of biological communities in the spring run and lower river that are sensitive to the effects of reduced flows. The purpose of goal number one is to protect benthic macroinvertebrate populations in the upper spring run from adverse effects resulting from the incursion of high salinity water from the lower Hillsborough River during periods of low springflow. The purpose of goal number two is to provide a salinity gradient in the lower river that includes low salinity habitats in order to support the diversity of plant, invertebrate and fish populations that inhabit the lower river. Goal number three provides for the thermal requirements of the Florida manatee, an endangered marine mammal, that can be stressed or killed by cold water temperatures. Within the context of these goals, the District used ecological indicators as parameters to determine how well a minimum flow would meet each management goal. For goal number
Page 1 and 2: The Determination of Minimum Flows
Page 4 and 5: DRAFT TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tab
Page 6: 4.5 Goal 1 - Minimize the incursion
Page 10 and 11: DRAFT LIST OF FIGURES Chapter 2 - P
Page 12 and 13: Fig. 3-13 Fig. 3-14 Fig. 3-15 Fig.
Page 14 and 15: Fig. 5-7 Fig. 5-8 Fig. 5-9 Fig. 5-1
Page 16 and 17: Acronyms and Definitions DRAFT AMO
Page 18 and 19: DRAFT Executive Summary The Southwe
Page 20: DRAFT below 19 feet NGVD of 1929. T
Page 24 and 25: CHAPTER 1 PURPOSE AND BACKGROUND OF
Page 28: DRAFT one the indicators were the f
Page 31 and 32: DRAFT The spring and its run lie in
Page 33 and 34: DRAFT Figure 2-3. Recent photograph
Page 35 and 36: 2 - 6 DRAFT
Page 37 and 38: DRAFT -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 0.4 4
Page 39 and 40: DRAFT 10.0 Yrly_Pumpage.grf 15 Annu
Page 41 and 42: DRAFT 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 35 D
Page 43 and 44: DRAFT Figure 2-14. Return flow stru
Page 45 and 46: DRAFT 40 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Ju
Page 47 and 48: DRAFT due to withdrawals for public
Page 49 and 50: DRAFT Figure 2-19 . Temporal trend
Page 51 and 52: DRAFT Figure 2-20. Temporal trends
Page 53: DRAFT In comparison to specific con
Page 57 and 58: DRAFT average daily withdrawals for
Page 59 and 60: DRAFT Figure 2-25. Average specific
Page 61 and 62: DRAFT withdrawal rate of 31 cfs dur
Page 63 and 64: DRAFT Table 2-2. Sulphur Springs su
Page 65 and 66: DRAFT These plots indicate that his
Page 67 and 68: DRAFT CHAPTER 3 ECOLOGICAL RESOURCE
Page 69 and 70: DRAFT 3 Run_Riv_Stg.grf Water Surfa
Page 71 and 72: DRAFT 3.4 Salinity in the spring ru
Page 73 and 74: DRAFT 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Page 75 and 76: DRAFT pumping events resulted in sa
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DRAFT As discussed in Section 2.5.3
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DRAFT tolerate and are frequently f
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DRAFT Appendix B are color coded to
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DRAFT habitat in the lower river pr
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DRAFT The FWC using a modified stra
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DRAFT increased with a return to no
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DRAFT 2000. The results from three
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DRAFT species (10 to 13) were colle
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DRAFT 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990
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DRAFT . 1000.00 100.00 10.00 1.00 0
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DRAFT 3.9.2 The effects of flows fr
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DRAFT Data from the Tampa Bay Water
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DRAFT EPCHC Period of Record Data L
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DRAFT 35 30 1996 1997 1998 1999 200
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7 DRAFT Elevation (m) 1 0 -1 -2 -3
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8 24 25 29 DRAFT Figure 3-20, 3-21
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DRAFT Figure 3-22 HBMP & EPCHC 2000
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DRAFT of the river between the dam
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DRAFT 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 10 11
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DRAFT The HBMP project (PBSJ 2003)
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DRAFT xanthurus) red drum (Sciaenop
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DRAFT as manatees seek fresh water
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1999 2000 2001 2002 DRAFT 35 TmpSS_
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DRAFT Platt Street 1974-2002 Columb
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DRAFT Median and minimum water temp
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DRAFT Figure 3-31 1999 2000 2001 20
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DRAFT Figure 3-33 2001 2002 2003 20
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DRAFT CHAPTER 4 TECHNICAL APPROACH
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DRAFT The sum of these consideratio
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DRAFT It is the conclusion of this
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DRAFT criteria. The
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DRAFT reach of the river 50 meters
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DRAFT of the dam. The experiments w
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DRAFT Salinity incursions above the
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DRAFT Figure 5-3. A - D. Box and wh
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DRAFT The results of the vertical p
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DRAFT Sulphur Springs < 33 cfs, Hil
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DRAFT Other breakpoints in the data
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DRAFT 40 Percent of Observations -
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DRAFT It is possible that infrequen
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DRAFT The effects of tide stage on
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DRAFT medians rise to near -0.2 fee
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DRAFT Sulphur Springs < 33 cfs, Hil
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DRAFT Sulphur Springs on salinity d
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7 29 DRAFT Elevation (m) 0/0cfs 1 0
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23 24 24 25 25 29 DRAFT Figures 14,
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DRAFT Viewed strictly from the infl
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DRAFT water removed would fluctuate
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DRAFT euryhaline, there were also m
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DRAFT 01/90 01/93 01/96 01/99 01/02
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DRAFT the intent of that condition
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DRAFT included inflows to the model
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DRAFT Flows for Sulphur Springs wer
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DRAFT ∆T represents the differenc
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DRAFT Figure 25 Temp (C) 22 Histori
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DRAFT Figure 26 Temp (C) 24 22 Hist
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DRAFT Similar to the coldest period
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DRAFT 5.7. Consideration of future
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DRAFT Culter, J. 1986. Benthic Inve
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DRAFT Shafland, P. L. and K. J. Foo
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APPENDIX A (from Chapter 2) Time se
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Sulphur Springs Water Quality 1991-
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Appendix B. Presence of macroinvert
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Appendix C. Percent composition of
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Appendix C. Percent composition of
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APPENDIX D (from Chapter 3) Percent
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APPENDIX D. Percent composition of
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APPENDIX D. Percent composition of
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APPENDIX E (from Chapter 3) Abundan
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BARE SAND FILAMENTOUS ALGAE COMBINE
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APPENDIX F - HILLSBOROUGH RIVER TEM
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Appendix G Daily values for mean, m
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APPENDIX H (from Chapter 5) Time se
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Experiment Number 6
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Appendix I Daily values for minimum
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28FEB2000 9.8 0.0 1.9 9.7 7.8 . 18.
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12FEB2001 14.0 3.5 1.7 4.6 2.9 1.1
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The Determination of Minimum Flows for Sulphur Springs, Tampa

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