The Determination of Minimum Flows for Sulphur Springs, Tampa

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CHAPTER 1 PURPOSE AND BACKGROUND OF MINIMUM FLOWS AND LEVELS DRAFT 1.1 Overview The Southwest Florida Water Management District (District) is responsible for permitting the consumptive use of water within the District's boundaries. Within this context, the Florida Statutes (Section 373.042) mandate that the District protect water resources from “significant harm” through the establishment of minimum flows and levels for streams and rivers within its boundaries. The purpose of minimum flows and levels (MFLs) is to create hydrologic and ecological standards against which permitting or planning decisions can be made concerning withdrawals from either surface or ground waters. Sulphur Springs is an artesian spring that is periodically used as a water supply source by the City of Tampa during times of impending water shortage. Sulphur Springs also serves important ecological functions by providing flows that sustain downstream biological communities in the spring run and Lower Hillsborough River. In establishing MFLs for Sulphur Springs, the District evaluated to what extent flows from the spring can be reduced by withdrawals without causing significant harm to these downstream ecosystems. The determination of minimum flows is a rigorous technical process in which extensive physical, hydrologic, and ecological data are analyzed for the water body in question. This chapter provides an overview of how the District applied legislative and water management directives in the determination of minimum flows for Sulphur Springs. The rationale and basic components of the District approach are also summarized. Greater details regarding the District's technical approach, including data collection efforts and analyses to determine minimum flows, are provided in subsequent chapters culminating with the proposed minimum flows for Sulphur Springs. 1.2 Legislative Directives As part of the Water Resources Act of 1972, the Florida Legislature mandated that the five water management districts establish MFLs for surface waters and aquifers in their jurisdictions (Section 373.042, F.S.). Although that Section has been revised in subsequent years, the definitions of MFLs that were established in 1972 have remained the same. Minimum flows are defined as “the minimum flow for a given watercourse shall be the limit 1 - 1
1 - 2 DRAFT at which further withdrawals would be significantly harmful to the water resources or ecology of the area.” Minimum levels are defined as “the minimum water levels shall be the level of groundwater in an aquifer and the level of surface water at which further withdrawals would be significantly harmful to the water resources of the area.” It is generally interpreted that ecological resources are included in the "water resources of the area mentioned" in the definition of minimum water level. The establishment of MFLs for flowing watercourses can incorporate both minimum flows and minimum levels. However, as described in Chapter 4, the establishment of MFLs for Sulphur Springs involved only a flow component, and the term minimum flows is used in this report with specific reference to Sulphur Springs. Section 373.042 F.S. further states that MFLs shall be calculated “using the best information available. When appropriate, minimum flows and levels may be calculated to reflect seasonal variations. The Department [of Environmental Protection] and the governing board [of the relevant water management district] shall also consider, and at their discretion may also provide for, the protection of non-consumptive uses in the establishment of minimum flows and levels.” Guidance regarding non-consumptive uses of the water resource to be considered in the establishment of MFLs is provided in the State Water Resources Implementation Rule (Chapter 62-40.473, Florida Administrative Code), which states that “consideration shall be given to the protection of water resources, natural seasonal fluctuations in water flows or levels, and environmental values associated with coastal, estuarine, aquatic and wetlands ecology, including: (1) Recreation in and on the water; (2) Fish and wildlife habitats and the passage of fish; (3) Estuarine resources; (4) Transfer of detrital material; (5) Maintenance of freshwater storage and supply; (6) Aesthetic and scenic attributes; (7) Filtration and absorption of nutrients and other pollutants; (8) Sediment loads; (9) Water quality; and (10) Navigation.” Identification of severe water resource problems in the Northern Tampa Bay area in the mid-1990s (e.g., see SWFWMD 1996) precipitated renewed interest by the Florida Legislature concerning the establishment of MFLs. In 1997, Section 373.042 F.S. was revised to provide additional guidance on factors to be considered when establishing MFLs. According to Section 373.0421(1a), F.S., when establishing MFLs the governing board “shall consider changes and structural alterations have had, and the constraints such changes or alterations have placed, on the hydrology of the affected watershed, surface
Page 1 and 2: The Determination of Minimum Flows
Page 4 and 5: DRAFT TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tab
Page 6: 4.5 Goal 1 - Minimize the incursion
Page 10 and 11: DRAFT LIST OF FIGURES Chapter 2 - P
Page 12 and 13: Fig. 3-13 Fig. 3-14 Fig. 3-15 Fig.
Page 14 and 15: Fig. 5-7 Fig. 5-8 Fig. 5-9 Fig. 5-1
Page 16 and 17: Acronyms and Definitions DRAFT AMO
Page 18 and 19: DRAFT Executive Summary The Southwe
Page 20: DRAFT below 19 feet NGVD of 1929. T
Page 26 and 27: DRAFT water, or aquifer, provided t
Page 28: DRAFT one the indicators were the f
Page 31 and 32: DRAFT The spring and its run lie in
Page 33 and 34: DRAFT Figure 2-3. Recent photograph
Page 35 and 36: 2 - 6 DRAFT
Page 37 and 38: DRAFT -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 0.4 4
Page 39 and 40: DRAFT 10.0 Yrly_Pumpage.grf 15 Annu
Page 41 and 42: DRAFT 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 35 D
Page 43 and 44: DRAFT Figure 2-14. Return flow stru
Page 45 and 46: DRAFT 40 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Ju
Page 47 and 48: DRAFT due to withdrawals for public
Page 49 and 50: DRAFT Figure 2-19 . Temporal trend
Page 51 and 52: DRAFT Figure 2-20. Temporal trends
Page 53: DRAFT In comparison to specific con
Page 57 and 58: DRAFT average daily withdrawals for
Page 59 and 60: DRAFT Figure 2-25. Average specific
Page 61 and 62: DRAFT withdrawal rate of 31 cfs dur
Page 63 and 64: DRAFT Table 2-2. Sulphur Springs su
Page 65 and 66: DRAFT These plots indicate that his
Page 67 and 68: DRAFT CHAPTER 3 ECOLOGICAL RESOURCE
Page 69 and 70: DRAFT 3 Run_Riv_Stg.grf Water Surfa
Page 71 and 72: DRAFT 3.4 Salinity in the spring ru
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DRAFT 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
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DRAFT pumping events resulted in sa
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DRAFT As discussed in Section 2.5.3
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DRAFT tolerate and are frequently f
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DRAFT Appendix B are color coded to
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DRAFT habitat in the lower river pr
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DRAFT The FWC using a modified stra
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DRAFT increased with a return to no
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DRAFT 2000. The results from three
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DRAFT species (10 to 13) were colle
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DRAFT 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990
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DRAFT . 1000.00 100.00 10.00 1.00 0
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DRAFT 3.9.2 The effects of flows fr
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DRAFT Data from the Tampa Bay Water
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DRAFT EPCHC Period of Record Data L
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DRAFT 35 30 1996 1997 1998 1999 200
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7 DRAFT Elevation (m) 1 0 -1 -2 -3
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8 24 25 29 DRAFT Figure 3-20, 3-21
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DRAFT Figure 3-22 HBMP & EPCHC 2000
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DRAFT of the river between the dam
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DRAFT 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 10 11
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DRAFT The HBMP project (PBSJ 2003)
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DRAFT xanthurus) red drum (Sciaenop
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DRAFT as manatees seek fresh water
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1999 2000 2001 2002 DRAFT 35 TmpSS_
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DRAFT Platt Street 1974-2002 Columb
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DRAFT Median and minimum water temp
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DRAFT Figure 3-31 1999 2000 2001 20
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DRAFT Figure 3-33 2001 2002 2003 20
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DRAFT CHAPTER 4 TECHNICAL APPROACH
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DRAFT The sum of these consideratio
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DRAFT It is the conclusion of this
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DRAFT criteria. The
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DRAFT reach of the river 50 meters
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DRAFT of the dam. The experiments w
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DRAFT Salinity incursions above the
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DRAFT Figure 5-3. A - D. Box and wh
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DRAFT The results of the vertical p
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DRAFT Sulphur Springs < 33 cfs, Hil
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DRAFT Other breakpoints in the data
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DRAFT 40 Percent of Observations -
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DRAFT It is possible that infrequen
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DRAFT The effects of tide stage on
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DRAFT medians rise to near -0.2 fee
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DRAFT Sulphur Springs < 33 cfs, Hil
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DRAFT Sulphur Springs on salinity d
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7 29 DRAFT Elevation (m) 0/0cfs 1 0
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23 24 24 25 25 29 DRAFT Figures 14,
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DRAFT Viewed strictly from the infl
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DRAFT water removed would fluctuate
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DRAFT euryhaline, there were also m
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DRAFT 01/90 01/93 01/96 01/99 01/02
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DRAFT the intent of that condition
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DRAFT included inflows to the model
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DRAFT Flows for Sulphur Springs wer
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DRAFT ∆T represents the differenc
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DRAFT Figure 25 Temp (C) 22 Histori
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DRAFT Figure 26 Temp (C) 24 22 Hist
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DRAFT Similar to the coldest period
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DRAFT 5.7. Consideration of future
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DRAFT Culter, J. 1986. Benthic Inve
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DRAFT Shafland, P. L. and K. J. Foo
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APPENDIX A (from Chapter 2) Time se
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Sulphur Springs Water Quality 1991-
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Appendix B. Presence of macroinvert
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Appendix C. Percent composition of
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Appendix C. Percent composition of
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APPENDIX D (from Chapter 3) Percent
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APPENDIX D. Percent composition of
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APPENDIX D. Percent composition of
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APPENDIX E (from Chapter 3) Abundan
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BARE SAND FILAMENTOUS ALGAE COMBINE
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APPENDIX F - HILLSBOROUGH RIVER TEM
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Appendix G Daily values for mean, m
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APPENDIX H (from Chapter 5) Time se
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Experiment Number 6
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Appendix I Daily values for minimum
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28FEB2000 9.8 0.0 1.9 9.7 7.8 . 18.
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12FEB2001 14.0 3.5 1.7 4.6 2.9 1.1
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