The Determination of Minimum Flows for Sulphur Springs, Tampa

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DRAFT euryhaline, there were also many freshwater species that can tolerate low levels of salinity or brief salinity exposures. The most conservative way to protect this community is to minimize salinity incursions into the spring run. The results presented in Section 5.2 indicate that a minimum flow of 18 cfs represents a distinct breakpoint that minimizes salinity incursions in the upper spring run. The biological results presented in Chapter 3 indicate that such a salinity regime would maintain a diverse invertebrate community that is characteristic of the spring run under normal flows (> 20 cfs). The second criterion that uses salinity as an ecological indicator involves low salinity habitats in the Lower Hillsborough River. The distribution of
DRAFT The biological data collected for this project found pronounced changes in the invertebrate fauna of the spring corresponding to major reductions in flows from the spring pool during the 2000-2001 drought. Salinity in the run rose dramatically during the drought, when pumping from the pool reduced spring flows to zero or very low rates of flow. Despite the relative severity of these physico-chemical alterations, a recovery of the species richness of the spring run accompanied a return to normal flows. The determination of minimum flows can consider that periodic impacts to ecosystems can be tolerated if they are infrequent or of short duration and do not result in a permanent change in ecological characteristics. Such an approach could be considered for Sulphur Springs to allow the city additional water use during dry years when water supplies from the reservoir are low. In this regard, a lower minimum flow could be considered for infrequent use if it is assured that such a minimum flow will not result in permanent changes or impacts to the ecosystem. In the case of Sulphur Springs, a minimum flow of 13 cfs could be used periodically and likely not result in longstanding harm to the ecology of the run and lower river. Maintaining a flow of 13 cfs would maintain markedly better conditions than what the spring run experienced during the 2000-2001. Salinity incursions at a springflow rate of 13 cfs appear to last no more than several hours during any day, and many of the species in the spring run would suffer no negative effects. If any species were lost, they would likely recolonize the spring when higher flows return. Reiterating that 18 cfs is the preferred minimum flow for routine use, a minimum flow of 13 cfs could be acceptable with a return frequency that does not cause permanent harm to the ecology of the upper spring run. In unimpounded Florida rivers, the upstream movement of brackish waters into what are normally tidal freshwater zones happen during very dry years. It is suggested here that salinity incursions associated with a 13 cfs minimum flow would be acceptable if they occurred only every 2 – 3 years. With this return interval, the spring run would typically have a period of year or more to recover after period of salinity incursions. This would allow for recolonization by invertebrate species that have seasonal life cycles with reproduction in dry season. The City's need for back-up water supplies from the Sulphur Springs has largely been during dry years. In that regard, the switch to a possible 13 cfs minimum flow could be based on water levels in the City's reservoir. This would allow increased use of the spring for water supply when the reservoir becomes low, but would occur only on an infrequent basis. A plot of average daily water levels for the period of 1988-2003 is presented in Figure 5-22. This time period was evaluated as withdrawals from the Hillsborough River reservoir have been near the current rate of water use (60- 66 mgd), thus these levels are indicative of current water level fluctuations in the reservoir. The number of days that water levels fell below 19 feet and the minimum stage each year are also listed in Table 5-4. 5 - 35
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The Determination of Minimum Flows
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DRAFT TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tab
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4.5 Goal 1 - Minimize the incursion
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DRAFT LIST OF FIGURES Chapter 2 - P
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Fig. 3-13 Fig. 3-14 Fig. 3-15 Fig.
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Fig. 5-7 Fig. 5-8 Fig. 5-9 Fig. 5-1
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Acronyms and Definitions DRAFT AMO
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DRAFT Executive Summary The Southwe
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DRAFT below 19 feet NGVD of 1929. T
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CHAPTER 1 PURPOSE AND BACKGROUND OF
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DRAFT water, or aquifer, provided t
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DRAFT one the indicators were the f
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DRAFT The spring and its run lie in
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DRAFT Figure 2-3. Recent photograph
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2 - 6 DRAFT
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DRAFT -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 0.4 4
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DRAFT 10.0 Yrly_Pumpage.grf 15 Annu
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DRAFT 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 35 D
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DRAFT Figure 2-14. Return flow stru
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DRAFT 40 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Ju
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DRAFT due to withdrawals for public
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DRAFT Figure 2-19 . Temporal trend
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DRAFT Figure 2-20. Temporal trends
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DRAFT In comparison to specific con
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DRAFT average daily withdrawals for
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DRAFT Figure 2-25. Average specific
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DRAFT withdrawal rate of 31 cfs dur
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DRAFT Table 2-2. Sulphur Springs su
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DRAFT These plots indicate that his
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DRAFT CHAPTER 3 ECOLOGICAL RESOURCE
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DRAFT 3 Run_Riv_Stg.grf Water Surfa
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DRAFT 3.4 Salinity in the spring ru
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DRAFT 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
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DRAFT pumping events resulted in sa
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DRAFT As discussed in Section 2.5.3
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DRAFT tolerate and are frequently f
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DRAFT Appendix B are color coded to
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DRAFT habitat in the lower river pr
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DRAFT The FWC using a modified stra
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DRAFT increased with a return to no
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DRAFT 2000. The results from three
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DRAFT species (10 to 13) were colle
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DRAFT 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990
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DRAFT . 1000.00 100.00 10.00 1.00 0
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DRAFT 3.9.2 The effects of flows fr
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DRAFT Data from the Tampa Bay Water
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DRAFT EPCHC Period of Record Data L
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DRAFT 35 30 1996 1997 1998 1999 200
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7 DRAFT Elevation (m) 1 0 -1 -2 -3
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8 24 25 29 DRAFT Figure 3-20, 3-21
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DRAFT Figure 3-22 HBMP & EPCHC 2000
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DRAFT of the river between the dam
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DRAFT 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 10 11
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DRAFT The HBMP project (PBSJ 2003)
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DRAFT xanthurus) red drum (Sciaenop
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DRAFT as manatees seek fresh water
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1999 2000 2001 2002 DRAFT 35 TmpSS_
Page 123 and 124: DRAFT Platt Street 1974-2002 Columb
Page 125 and 126: DRAFT Median and minimum water temp
Page 127 and 128: DRAFT Figure 3-31 1999 2000 2001 20
Page 129 and 130: DRAFT Figure 3-33 2001 2002 2003 20
Page 131 and 132: DRAFT CHAPTER 4 TECHNICAL APPROACH
Page 133 and 134: DRAFT The sum of these consideratio
Page 135 and 136: DRAFT It is the conclusion of this
Page 137 and 138: DRAFT criteria. The
Page 139: DRAFT reach of the river 50 meters
Page 142 and 143: DRAFT of the dam. The experiments w
Page 144 and 145: DRAFT Salinity incursions above the
Page 146 and 147: DRAFT Figure 5-3. A - D. Box and wh
Page 148 and 149: DRAFT The results of the vertical p
Page 150 and 151: DRAFT Sulphur Springs < 33 cfs, Hil
Page 152 and 153: DRAFT Other breakpoints in the data
Page 154 and 155: DRAFT 40 Percent of Observations -
Page 156 and 157: DRAFT It is possible that infrequen
Page 158 and 159: DRAFT The effects of tide stage on
Page 160 and 161: DRAFT medians rise to near -0.2 fee
Page 162 and 163: DRAFT Sulphur Springs < 33 cfs, Hil
Page 164 and 165: DRAFT Sulphur Springs on salinity d
Page 166 and 167: 7 29 DRAFT Elevation (m) 0/0cfs 1 0
Page 168 and 169: 23 24 24 25 25 29 DRAFT Figures 14,
Page 170 and 171: DRAFT Viewed strictly from the infl
Page 172 and 173: DRAFT water removed would fluctuate
Page 176 and 177: DRAFT 01/90 01/93 01/96 01/99 01/02
Page 178 and 179: DRAFT the intent of that condition
Page 180 and 181: DRAFT included inflows to the model
Page 182 and 183: DRAFT Flows for Sulphur Springs wer
Page 184 and 185: DRAFT ∆T represents the differenc
Page 186 and 187: DRAFT Figure 25 Temp (C) 22 Histori
Page 188 and 189: DRAFT Figure 26 Temp (C) 24 22 Hist
Page 190 and 191: DRAFT Similar to the coldest period
Page 192 and 193: DRAFT 5.7. Consideration of future
Page 194 and 195: DRAFT Culter, J. 1986. Benthic Inve
Page 196 and 197: DRAFT Shafland, P. L. and K. J. Foo
Page 199 and 200: APPENDIX A (from Chapter 2) Time se
Page 201 and 202: Sulphur Springs Water Quality 1991-
Page 209: Sulphur Springs Water Quality 1991-
Page 213 and 214: Appendix B. Presence of macroinvert
Page 215 and 216: Appendix B. Presence of macroinvert
Page 217: Appendix B. Presence of macroinvert
Page 220 and 221: Appendix C. Percent composition of
Page 222 and 223: Appendix C. Percent composition of
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APPENDIX D (from Chapter 3) Percent
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APPENDIX D. Percent composition of
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APPENDIX D. Percent composition of
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APPENDIX E (from Chapter 3) Abundan
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BARE SAND FILAMENTOUS ALGAE COMBINE
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APPENDIX F - HILLSBOROUGH RIVER TEM
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Appendix G Daily values for mean, m
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APPENDIX H (from Chapter 5) Time se
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Experiment Number 6
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Appendix I Daily values for minimum
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28FEB2000 9.8 0.0 1.9 9.7 7.8 . 18.
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12FEB2001 14.0 3.5 1.7 4.6 2.9 1.1
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