The Determination of Minimum Flows for Sulphur Springs, Tampa

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DRAFT underway to test the effect of flows in excess of 30 cfs on the river reach below the dam. Various water sources are being considered to meet a possible revised minimum flow for the Lower Hillsborough River. Diversions from Sulphur Springs could be used to provide a portion of such a minimum flow, as long as the minimum flows for the spring run are met. 3.10 Biological characteristics of the Lower Hillsborough River and relation to the management of Sulphur Springs The principal sources of biological information for the Lower Hillsborough River are WAR/SDI (1995) report and the interpretive report for the ongoing HBMP project (PBSJ 2003). The goals and time periods of these studies were described in previous sections of this report. General findings from these studies are discussed briefly below as they relate to the relationships of discharge from Sulphur Springs on the biota of the lower river. Vegetation, macroinvertebrate, and fish communities are discussed first, followed by a discussion of the use of the lower river by an endangered species, the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris). 3.10.1 Intertidal vegetation Both the WAR/SDI and HBMP projects described the distribution of shoreline vegetation along the length of the Lower Hillsborough River. The linear and areal extent of vegetation along the lower Hillsborough is limited compared to other tidal rivers in the region due to the urbanized character of the Lower Hillsborough. However, there are distinct gradients in the species composition of vegetation communities along the length of the lower river, and in many reaches, shoreline vegetation provides useful habitat and cover for fishes and macroinvertebrates. The shoreline inventory conducted by WAR/SDI (1995) classfied shorelines as natural or altered, depending on the degree of modification and presence of vegetation. Approximately 24% of the river shoreline was characterized as natural. The majority of the natural shoreline was located upstream of Sulphur Springs, although patches of natural shoreline extended downstream to North Boulevard. There was no natural shoreline in the most downstream 8 km of the lower river. This study also identified various plant species in 13 contiguous reaches of the river as present or dominant. Upstream from Sulphur Springs, leatherferrn (Acrostichum danaefolium), bald cypress (Taxodium distichum), paragrass (Brachiaria mutica) and seaside paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) were listed as dominant, with a number of other species listed as present. Further downstream, a number of species were found between Nebraska and Buffalo Avenues, with cattails (Typha sp.) being the most frequently occurring and dominant plant. 3 - 48
DRAFT The HBMP project (PBSJ 2003) mapped the linear and areal extent of various vegetation communities along the lower river. The lower river contained approximately 2.03 hectares of emergent wetlands vegetation, with areas of the most wetlands occurring between kms 6 and 8.5 and upstream of Sulphur Springs. Nine vegetation associations were identified, which were aggregated to seven groups for purposes of analysis. Leatherfern and mixed herbaceous wetlands were the dominant groups immediately below the dam. Much or the area from km 12 to 15 has sharply incised banks that do not support much vegetation, although leatherfern was found there. Cattails spanned much of the river, comprising much of the emergent vegetation from km 4 to the region below the dam. 3.10.2 Benthic macroinvertebrates Both the WAR/SDI and HBMP studies found spatial and temporal patterns in the species composition of macroinvertebrate communities that corresponded to salinity gradients in the lower river. Both studies found freshwater and estuarine species in the lower river. As expected, freshwater species were most abundant in the upper reaches of the river and increased their distribution after prolonged flow events. Using a fixed station design in which the same sites in the river were samples repeatedly, WAR/SDI (1995) reported that freshwater species were periodically found at stations 3 and 5, the latter of which is located about 3 km downstream of Sulphur Springs. During periods of no discharge from the dam, these sites were increasingly colonized by estuarine species. WAR/SDI also pointed out that there were frequently low bottom dissolved oxygen concentrations at sites 3 and 5 during periods of no discharge from the dam, which contributed to low abundances of invertebrates in deep mid-channel areas. The pronounced density stratification that occurs in the upper river during periods of no flow from the dam is a major factor contributing to this hypoxia. Benthic macroinvertebrates were collected in shallow waters at sites 3 and 5 in the second year of the WAR/SDI study and much greater invertebrate abundances were found, apparently due to improved dissolved oxygen concentrations at the shallower depths. Using a probabilistic design, PBSJ (2003) presented macroinvertebrate data for upper and lower sections of the river, including graphics for various parameters in one kilometer intervals. Several taxa showed gradients in their distribution in the river, either increasing in an upstream or downstream direction, or with peak abundances in the middle reaches of the river. There was a disproportionate number of species which showed either their first or last occurrence in the most downstream 3 kilometers in the river, indicative of a progression to a more saline, bay-like fauna in that reach of the river. Abundances of more freshwater organisms (e.g. chironomids) increased toward the dam. Like WAR/SDI, PBSJ found a zone of minimum organism abundance and diversity just downstream of Sulphur Springs near kilometers 10 and 11, with hypoxia being the likely causative factor. 3 - 49
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The Determination of Minimum Flows
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DRAFT TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tab
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4.5 Goal 1 - Minimize the incursion
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DRAFT LIST OF FIGURES Chapter 2 - P
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Fig. 3-13 Fig. 3-14 Fig. 3-15 Fig.
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Fig. 5-7 Fig. 5-8 Fig. 5-9 Fig. 5-1
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Acronyms and Definitions DRAFT AMO
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DRAFT Executive Summary The Southwe
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DRAFT below 19 feet NGVD of 1929. T
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CHAPTER 1 PURPOSE AND BACKGROUND OF
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DRAFT water, or aquifer, provided t
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DRAFT one the indicators were the f
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DRAFT The spring and its run lie in
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DRAFT Figure 2-3. Recent photograph
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2 - 6 DRAFT
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DRAFT -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 0.4 4
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DRAFT 10.0 Yrly_Pumpage.grf 15 Annu
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DRAFT 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 35 D
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DRAFT Figure 2-14. Return flow stru
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DRAFT 40 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Ju
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DRAFT due to withdrawals for public
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DRAFT Figure 2-19 . Temporal trend
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DRAFT Figure 2-20. Temporal trends
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DRAFT In comparison to specific con
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DRAFT average daily withdrawals for
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DRAFT Figure 2-25. Average specific
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DRAFT withdrawal rate of 31 cfs dur
Page 63 and 64: DRAFT Table 2-2. Sulphur Springs su
Page 65 and 66: DRAFT These plots indicate that his
Page 67 and 68: DRAFT CHAPTER 3 ECOLOGICAL RESOURCE
Page 69 and 70: DRAFT 3 Run_Riv_Stg.grf Water Surfa
Page 71 and 72: DRAFT 3.4 Salinity in the spring ru
Page 73 and 74: DRAFT 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Page 75 and 76: DRAFT pumping events resulted in sa
Page 77 and 78: DRAFT As discussed in Section 2.5.3
Page 79 and 80: DRAFT tolerate and are frequently f
Page 81 and 82: DRAFT Appendix B are color coded to
Page 83 and 84: DRAFT habitat in the lower river pr
Page 85 and 86: DRAFT The FWC using a modified stra
Page 87 and 88: DRAFT increased with a return to no
Page 89 and 90: DRAFT 2000. The results from three
Page 91 and 92: DRAFT species (10 to 13) were colle
Page 93 and 94: DRAFT 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990
Page 95 and 96: DRAFT . 1000.00 100.00 10.00 1.00 0
Page 97 and 98: DRAFT 3.9.2 The effects of flows fr
Page 99 and 100: DRAFT Data from the Tampa Bay Water
Page 101 and 102: DRAFT EPCHC Period of Record Data L
Page 103 and 104: DRAFT 35 30 1996 1997 1998 1999 200
Page 105 and 106: 7 DRAFT Elevation (m) 1 0 -1 -2 -3
Page 107 and 108: 8 24 25 29 DRAFT Figure 3-20, 3-21
Page 109 and 110: DRAFT Figure 3-22 HBMP & EPCHC 2000
Page 111 and 112: DRAFT of the river between the dam
Page 113: DRAFT 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 10 11
Page 117 and 118: DRAFT xanthurus) red drum (Sciaenop
Page 119 and 120: DRAFT as manatees seek fresh water
Page 121 and 122: 1999 2000 2001 2002 DRAFT 35 TmpSS_
Page 123 and 124: DRAFT Platt Street 1974-2002 Columb
Page 125 and 126: DRAFT Median and minimum water temp
Page 127 and 128: DRAFT Figure 3-31 1999 2000 2001 20
Page 129 and 130: DRAFT Figure 3-33 2001 2002 2003 20
Page 131 and 132: DRAFT CHAPTER 4 TECHNICAL APPROACH
Page 133 and 134: DRAFT The sum of these consideratio
Page 135 and 136: DRAFT It is the conclusion of this
Page 137 and 138: DRAFT criteria. The
Page 139: DRAFT reach of the river 50 meters
Page 142 and 143: DRAFT of the dam. The experiments w
Page 144 and 145: DRAFT Salinity incursions above the
Page 146 and 147: DRAFT Figure 5-3. A - D. Box and wh
Page 148 and 149: DRAFT The results of the vertical p
Page 150 and 151: DRAFT Sulphur Springs < 33 cfs, Hil
Page 152 and 153: DRAFT Other breakpoints in the data
Page 154 and 155: DRAFT 40 Percent of Observations -
Page 156 and 157: DRAFT It is possible that infrequen
Page 158 and 159: DRAFT The effects of tide stage on
Page 160 and 161: DRAFT medians rise to near -0.2 fee
Page 162 and 163: DRAFT Sulphur Springs < 33 cfs, Hil
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DRAFT Sulphur Springs on salinity d
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7 29 DRAFT Elevation (m) 0/0cfs 1 0
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23 24 24 25 25 29 DRAFT Figures 14,
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DRAFT Viewed strictly from the infl
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DRAFT water removed would fluctuate
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DRAFT euryhaline, there were also m
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DRAFT 01/90 01/93 01/96 01/99 01/02
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DRAFT the intent of that condition
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DRAFT included inflows to the model
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DRAFT Flows for Sulphur Springs wer
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DRAFT ∆T represents the differenc
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DRAFT Figure 25 Temp (C) 22 Histori
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DRAFT Figure 26 Temp (C) 24 22 Hist
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DRAFT Similar to the coldest period
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DRAFT 5.7. Consideration of future
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DRAFT Culter, J. 1986. Benthic Inve
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DRAFT Shafland, P. L. and K. J. Foo
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APPENDIX A (from Chapter 2) Time se
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Sulphur Springs Water Quality 1991-
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Appendix B. Presence of macroinvert
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Appendix C. Percent composition of
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Appendix C. Percent composition of
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APPENDIX D (from Chapter 3) Percent
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APPENDIX D. Percent composition of
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APPENDIX D. Percent composition of
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APPENDIX E (from Chapter 3) Abundan
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BARE SAND FILAMENTOUS ALGAE COMBINE
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APPENDIX F - HILLSBOROUGH RIVER TEM
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Appendix G Daily values for mean, m
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APPENDIX H (from Chapter 5) Time se
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Experiment Number 6
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Appendix I Daily values for minimum
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28FEB2000 9.8 0.0 1.9 9.7 7.8 . 18.
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12FEB2001 14.0 3.5 1.7 4.6 2.9 1.1
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The Determination of Minimum Flows for Sulphur Springs, Tampa

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