The Determination of Minimum Flows for Sulphur Springs, Tampa

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DRAFT The 15-minute data from the USGS recorders are also useful for examining the salinity characteristics of the lower river. Time series plots of surface and bottom salinity values for four recorders in the river are presented in Figure 3-15. Salinity is averaged over the preceding 29-day period to aid visual interpretation of the plots. The longest period of record is for the Rowlett Park recorder, which dates back to 1997. The unusually high values that occurred during the 2000 –2001 drought are apparent from this plot. It is also notable there is very little vertical stratification at this site, as evidence by the similarity of surface and bottom values. The period of record at Hanna's Whirl is much shorter, as it started in the spring of 2001 as part of the re-evaluation of the minimum flow for the Lower Hillsborough River. This station has remained fresh since the summer of 2002, when an extended period of flow began at the Hillsborough River dam. During the dry season of 2001-2002, salinity at this site varied between 5 and 12 ppt. The site at Hillsborough River near Sulphur Springs (HILLSULPH) is especially informative for it is located only about 100 meters upstream from the mouth of the spring run. Both surface and bottom waters can go fresh during the wet season, but bottom salinity at this site fluctuates above 15 ppt during no-flow conditions. An important characteristic of this site is the large difference between surface and bottom salinity values in the dry season. This is largely due to the effect of Sulphur Springs, as the low salinity water from the spring run layers over the higher salinity water in the river. This results in pronounced density stratification, which as will be discussed later, contributes to frequent hypoxia in this reach of the river. 3.9.2.2 Hydrodynamic salt transport model of the river An effective tool for examining the effect of freshwater inflows on the salinity regime of the Lower Hillsborough River is a laterally averaged two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the Lower River developed by District staff (Chen et al. 2001). This model was used in the establishment of 10 cfs minimum flow (SWFWMD 1999), and its further use was recommended by the scientific review panel (Montagna et al. 1999). Since the model's initial use in the late 1990s, the model has been recalibrated using new data from the expanded array of continuous recorders in the river. Graphs of salinity distributions in the river for a series of different inflows from the dam and Sulphur Springs are presented in Figures 3-16 through 3-21. The results were generated by assigning inflow values to initial conditions as measured on January 16, 2002 and running the model for 20 days. This no-flow period was chosen because it is more representative of the long-term no-flow conditions in the river than the much saltier conditions that occurred during the 2000-2001 drought. 3 - 36
DRAFT 35 30 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Platt - Average 29-day Salinity Surface and Bottom 35 30 35 30 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Hillsulph Average 29-day Salinity Surface and Bottom 35 30 25 25 25 25 Surface Salinity (ppt) 20 15 20 15 Salinity (ppt) 20 15 Bottom 20 15 10 10 10 10 5 Surface 5 5 5 Bottom SBSal_PlattAvg.grf 0 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Year 35 30 25 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Hanna - Average 29-day Salinity Surface and Bottom 35 30 25 SBSal_HillsulphAvg.grf 0 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Year 35 30 25 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Rowlette - Average 29-day Salinity Surface and Bottom 35 30 25 Salinity (ppt) 20 15 Surface 20 15 Salinity (ppt) 20 15 Surface Bottom 20 15 10 Bottom 10 10 10 5 5 5 5 SBSal_HannaA vg .grf 0 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Year SSal_RowlettAvg.grf 0 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Year Figure 3-15. Time series plots of surface and bottom salinity values at four data recorders in the Lower Hillsborough River. 3 - 37
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The Determination of Minimum Flows
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DRAFT TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tab
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4.5 Goal 1 - Minimize the incursion
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DRAFT LIST OF FIGURES Chapter 2 - P
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Fig. 3-13 Fig. 3-14 Fig. 3-15 Fig.
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Fig. 5-7 Fig. 5-8 Fig. 5-9 Fig. 5-1
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Acronyms and Definitions DRAFT AMO
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DRAFT Executive Summary The Southwe
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DRAFT below 19 feet NGVD of 1929. T
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CHAPTER 1 PURPOSE AND BACKGROUND OF
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DRAFT water, or aquifer, provided t
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DRAFT one the indicators were the f
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DRAFT The spring and its run lie in
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DRAFT Figure 2-3. Recent photograph
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2 - 6 DRAFT
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DRAFT -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 0.4 4
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DRAFT 10.0 Yrly_Pumpage.grf 15 Annu
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DRAFT 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 35 D
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DRAFT Figure 2-14. Return flow stru
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DRAFT 40 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Ju
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DRAFT due to withdrawals for public
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DRAFT Figure 2-19 . Temporal trend
Page 51 and 52: DRAFT Figure 2-20. Temporal trends
Page 53: DRAFT In comparison to specific con
Page 57 and 58: DRAFT average daily withdrawals for
Page 59 and 60: DRAFT Figure 2-25. Average specific
Page 61 and 62: DRAFT withdrawal rate of 31 cfs dur
Page 63 and 64: DRAFT Table 2-2. Sulphur Springs su
Page 65 and 66: DRAFT These plots indicate that his
Page 67 and 68: DRAFT CHAPTER 3 ECOLOGICAL RESOURCE
Page 69 and 70: DRAFT 3 Run_Riv_Stg.grf Water Surfa
Page 71 and 72: DRAFT 3.4 Salinity in the spring ru
Page 73 and 74: DRAFT 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Page 75 and 76: DRAFT pumping events resulted in sa
Page 77 and 78: DRAFT As discussed in Section 2.5.3
Page 79 and 80: DRAFT tolerate and are frequently f
Page 81 and 82: DRAFT Appendix B are color coded to
Page 83 and 84: DRAFT habitat in the lower river pr
Page 85 and 86: DRAFT The FWC using a modified stra
Page 87 and 88: DRAFT increased with a return to no
Page 89 and 90: DRAFT 2000. The results from three
Page 91 and 92: DRAFT species (10 to 13) were colle
Page 93 and 94: DRAFT 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990
Page 95 and 96: DRAFT . 1000.00 100.00 10.00 1.00 0
Page 97 and 98: DRAFT 3.9.2 The effects of flows fr
Page 99 and 100: DRAFT Data from the Tampa Bay Water
Page 101: DRAFT EPCHC Period of Record Data L
Page 105 and 106: 7 DRAFT Elevation (m) 1 0 -1 -2 -3
Page 107 and 108: 8 24 25 29 DRAFT Figure 3-20, 3-21
Page 109 and 110: DRAFT Figure 3-22 HBMP & EPCHC 2000
Page 111 and 112: DRAFT of the river between the dam
Page 113 and 114: DRAFT 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 10 11
Page 115 and 116: DRAFT The HBMP project (PBSJ 2003)
Page 117 and 118: DRAFT xanthurus) red drum (Sciaenop
Page 119 and 120: DRAFT as manatees seek fresh water
Page 121 and 122: 1999 2000 2001 2002 DRAFT 35 TmpSS_
Page 123 and 124: DRAFT Platt Street 1974-2002 Columb
Page 125 and 126: DRAFT Median and minimum water temp
Page 127 and 128: DRAFT Figure 3-31 1999 2000 2001 20
Page 129 and 130: DRAFT Figure 3-33 2001 2002 2003 20
Page 131 and 132: DRAFT CHAPTER 4 TECHNICAL APPROACH
Page 133 and 134: DRAFT The sum of these consideratio
Page 135 and 136: DRAFT It is the conclusion of this
Page 137 and 138: DRAFT criteria. The
Page 139: DRAFT reach of the river 50 meters
Page 142 and 143: DRAFT of the dam. The experiments w
Page 144 and 145: DRAFT Salinity incursions above the
Page 146 and 147: DRAFT Figure 5-3. A - D. Box and wh
Page 148 and 149: DRAFT The results of the vertical p
Page 150 and 151: DRAFT Sulphur Springs < 33 cfs, Hil
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DRAFT Other breakpoints in the data
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DRAFT 40 Percent of Observations -
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DRAFT It is possible that infrequen
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DRAFT The effects of tide stage on
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DRAFT medians rise to near -0.2 fee
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DRAFT Sulphur Springs < 33 cfs, Hil
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DRAFT Sulphur Springs on salinity d
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7 29 DRAFT Elevation (m) 0/0cfs 1 0
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23 24 24 25 25 29 DRAFT Figures 14,
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DRAFT Viewed strictly from the infl
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DRAFT water removed would fluctuate
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DRAFT euryhaline, there were also m
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DRAFT 01/90 01/93 01/96 01/99 01/02
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DRAFT the intent of that condition
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DRAFT included inflows to the model
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DRAFT Flows for Sulphur Springs wer
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DRAFT ∆T represents the differenc
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DRAFT Figure 25 Temp (C) 22 Histori
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DRAFT Figure 26 Temp (C) 24 22 Hist
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DRAFT Similar to the coldest period
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DRAFT 5.7. Consideration of future
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DRAFT Culter, J. 1986. Benthic Inve
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DRAFT Shafland, P. L. and K. J. Foo
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APPENDIX A (from Chapter 2) Time se
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Sulphur Springs Water Quality 1991-
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Appendix B. Presence of macroinvert
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Appendix C. Percent composition of
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Appendix C. Percent composition of
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APPENDIX D (from Chapter 3) Percent
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APPENDIX D. Percent composition of
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APPENDIX D. Percent composition of
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APPENDIX E (from Chapter 3) Abundan
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BARE SAND FILAMENTOUS ALGAE COMBINE
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APPENDIX F - HILLSBOROUGH RIVER TEM
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Appendix G Daily values for mean, m
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APPENDIX H (from Chapter 5) Time se
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Experiment Number 6
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Appendix I Daily values for minimum
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28FEB2000 9.8 0.0 1.9 9.7 7.8 . 18.
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12FEB2001 14.0 3.5 1.7 4.6 2.9 1.1
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