N2O production in a single stage nitritation/anammox MBBR process

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For simplicity a synthetic wastewater was used, this water may both be easier to degrade and not as complex as a normal wastewater which may impact the microbial performance. 4
Chapter 2 2. Background 2.1 Biological nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment Nitrogen removal is one of the major tasks in wastewater treatment. Biologic nitrogen removal is the most efficient way to eliminate nitrogen from the wastewater and a variety of system configurations like activated sludge plants with suspended growth, biofilters designed for attached growth and combinations of the two have been developed. These systems are built on the knowledge of microbial nitrogen cycling where nitrogen compounds like NH4+, NO2 − and NO3 − are removed by conversion into elemental N2 gas released to the atmosphere, see Figure 1. The well known nitrification and denitrification processes are commonly used to achieve satisfactory nitrogen removal. Today anaerobic ammonium oxidation, a relatively new technology for nitrogen removal is also in use at several places. Figure 1. Major biological transformations of nitrogen in wastewater treatment. (Kampschreur et al., 2009). 2.1.1 Nitrification Nitrification is oxidation of ammonium into nitrate under aerobic conditions, the process occurs in two separated reaction steps, each involving different species of bacteria. The nitrifiers are chemo-lithoautotrophs which means that they use carbon dioxide or carbonate as carbon source and inorganic nitrogen is used for both energy supply and cellular growth (Gray, 2004). In the first nitritation step ammonium oxidising species like Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira oxidises ammonium into nitrite: 5
Page 1: Water and Environmental Engineering
Page 5 and 6: Summary Wastewaters contain abundan
Page 7: Acknowledgements I would like to ex
Page 11 and 12: Table of content Chapter 1 ........
Page 13 and 14: Chapter 1 1. Introduction Nitrogen
Page 15: 1.3 Objectives The aim with this ma
Page 19 and 20: are intermediates in the chemical r
Page 21 and 22: minimum concentration of 2 mg/l sho
Page 23 and 24: 2.3 Biofilm reactors Biofilm reacto
Page 25 and 26: 2.3.4 Moving bed reactor Another wa
Page 27 and 28: To enable efficient nutrient remova
Page 29 and 30: The Canon process is often implemen
Page 31 and 32: 2.5.1 Nitrification as a source of
Page 33 and 34: Table 3. N 2O emission from differe
Page 35 and 36: The microsensor is connected to a p
Page 37 and 38: Chapter 3 3. Material and Methods 3
Page 39 and 40: 3.3 Analytical methods Concentratio
Page 41 and 42: Figure 11. Calibration setup for mi
Page 43 and 44: Chapter 4 4. Results 4.1 Process pe
Page 45 and 46: 10 8 DO concentration, pH & tempera
Page 47 and 48: concentration), while the maximum p
Page 49 and 50: of N2O during aeration was slightly
Page 51 and 52: Table 13. Average N 2O concentratio
Page 53 and 54: 12 NO₂-N (mg/l) 10 8 6 4 2 NO₂-
Page 55 and 56: Aeration 1.6 (l/min) with carriers
Page 57 and 58: % produced N₂O 12 10 8 6 4 2 Prod
Page 59 and 60: laboratory system might be underest
Page 63: 6. Conclusions The following conclu
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8. References Abma W.R., Schultz C.
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Hippen A., Rosenwinkel K-H., Baumga
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Metcalf & Eddy I. (2003). Wastewate
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van Niftrik L.A., Fuerst J.A., Sinn
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Appendix B Calculations of N2O emis
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The rN value is calculated with the
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Appendix C Microsensor measurements
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12 090927 Prolonged unaerated perio
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12 091016 Continuously operation, D
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350 090921 NH₄-N 350 090922 NH₄
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300 090926 Prolonged unaerated peri
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091010 NOx-N 091013 NOx-N NOx-N (mg
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35 091015 NO₃-N 70 091016 NOx-N 3
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350 091018 NH₄-N 35 091018NO₃-N
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The bacteria performing the microbi
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Typical profiles of how N2O and DO
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12 10 091014 Continously operation,
Page 106:
Mulder A.V.A, Robertson L.A., Kuene
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N2O production in a single stage nitritation/anammox MBBR process

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