N2O production in a single stage nitritation/anammox MBBR process

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12 10 091014 Continously operation, DO 1.0 (mg/l) 4.5 3.75 N₂O (µmol/l) 8 6 4 2 3 2.25 1.5 0.75 DO (mg/l) N₂O (µmol/l) DO (mg/l) 0 0 0 20 40 60 80 Time (min) Figure 4. Concentration profiles of N 2O and O 2 during measurement at continuous aeration with DO ~1.0 mg/l. As seen in Figure 4 N2O is only accumulating for the first 5-6 minutes of the unaerated period then there is a short time span when production and N2O flows leaving the reactor are in equilibrium. The N2O concentration measured in the water phase is decreasing before aerations starts again which have not been noticed in any of the former cases. Initial N2O production is below 2% of reduced inorganic nitrogen and maximum production is also very low. Conclusions Conclusions that can be made from the experiments are summarised below: • The single stage nitritation/anammox system produced significant amounts of N2O with a minimum production of 2% of removed inorganic nitrogen. • Operating the MBBR at intermittent aeration with a DO of ~3 mg/l gave the highest N2O production with initial and maximum productions of 6-11% and 10- 30% respectively. • Smaller amounts of N2O were produced by the partial/nitritation anammox system during continuous operation at DO in the interval 1-1.5 mg/l. The initial N2O production was found to be 2-3% and the maximum N2O production corresponded to 2-6%. • When the MBBR was exposed to a longer period of anoxic conditions both ammonium oxidation and N2O production ceased. • The absolute number on overall N2O production for an operation mode (based on the measurements of N2O accumulating during the anoxic phase) could be both overestimated or underestimated and should therefore be used as a comparative tool. 92
Acknowledgements The experiments were carried out at AnoxKaldnes in Lund during the work with my master thesis and I would like to thank my supervisor my supervisor Magnus Christenson for all guidance, support, sharing off valuable knowledge and experiences, also for giving me the opportunity to get to know the fascinating anammox process. I would also like to thank my supervisor Professor Jes la Cour Jansen at Water and Environmental Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University for scientific guidance and encouragement, for all your valuable aspects on my work and always reminding me of looking into things from a wider perspective. References Abma W.R., Schultz C.E., Mulder J.W., van Loosdrecht M.C.M., van der Star W., Strous M., Tokutomi T., (2007). The advance of Anammox. Water 21, February 2007. Fux C., Boehler M., Huber P., Brunner I., and Siegrist H., (2002). Biological treatment of ammonium-rich wastewater by partial nitritation and subsequent anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) in a pilot plant. Journal of Biotechnology, 99, 295-306. Fux C., Egli K., van der Meer J.R., Siegrist H., (2003). The anammox process for nitrogen removal from waste water. EAWAG news 56 (November 2003), 20-21. Hippen A., Rosenwinkel K-H., Baumgarten G., and Seyfried C.F., (1997). Aerobic deammonification: A new experience in the treatment of wastewaters. Water Science and Technology, 35, (10), 111-120. Jacob D., (1999). Introduction to atmospheric chemistry. ISBN 0-691-00185-5,Princeton: Princeton University Press. Jetten M., Wagner M., Fuerst J., van Loosdrecht M., Kuenen J., Strous M., (2001). Microbiology and application of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation ('anammox') process. Current Opinion in Biotechnology 12, (3), 283-288. Jetten M.S.M., Cirpus I., Kartal B., van Niftrik L., van de Pas-Schoonen K.T., Sliekers O., Haajier S., van der Star W., Schmid M., van de Vossenberg J., Schmidt I., Harhangi H., van Loosdrecht M., Kuenen J., Op den Camp H. and Strous M., (2004). 1994-2004: 10 years of research on the anaerobic oxidation of ammonium. Biochemical Society Transactions 33, (1), 119-123. Kampschreur M.J., Tan N.C.G, Kleerebezem R., Picioreanu C., Jetten M.S.M., and van Loosdrecht M.C.M ., (2008, (b)). Effect of dynamic processes on nitrogen oxides emission from an nitrifying culture. Environmental Science Technology, 42, 429-435. 93
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Water and Environmental Engineering
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Summary Wastewaters contain abundan
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Acknowledgements I would like to ex
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Table of content Chapter 1 ........
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Chapter 1 1. Introduction Nitrogen
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1.3 Objectives The aim with this ma
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Chapter 2 2. Background 2.1 Biologi
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are intermediates in the chemical r
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minimum concentration of 2 mg/l sho
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2.3 Biofilm reactors Biofilm reacto
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2.3.4 Moving bed reactor Another wa
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To enable efficient nutrient remova
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The Canon process is often implemen
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2.5.1 Nitrification as a source of
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Table 3. N 2O emission from differe
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The microsensor is connected to a p
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Chapter 3 3. Material and Methods 3
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3.3 Analytical methods Concentratio
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Figure 11. Calibration setup for mi
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Chapter 4 4. Results 4.1 Process pe
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10 8 DO concentration, pH & tempera
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concentration), while the maximum p
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of N2O during aeration was slightly
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Table 13. Average N 2O concentratio
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Page 55 and 56: Aeration 1.6 (l/min) with carriers
Page 57 and 58: % produced N₂O 12 10 8 6 4 2 Prod
Page 59 and 60: laboratory system might be underest
Page 63: 6. Conclusions The following conclu
Page 67 and 68: 8. References Abma W.R., Schultz C.
Page 69 and 70: Hippen A., Rosenwinkel K-H., Baumga
Page 71 and 72: Metcalf & Eddy I. (2003). Wastewate
Page 73: van Niftrik L.A., Fuerst J.A., Sinn
Page 79 and 80: Appendix B Calculations of N2O emis
Page 81 and 82: The rN value is calculated with the
Page 83 and 84: Appendix C Microsensor measurements
Page 85 and 86: 12 090927 Prolonged unaerated perio
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Page 90 and 91: 350 090921 NH₄-N 350 090922 NH₄
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Page 94 and 95: 091010 NOx-N 091013 NOx-N NOx-N (mg
Page 96 and 97: 35 091015 NO₃-N 70 091016 NOx-N 3
Page 98 and 99: 350 091018 NH₄-N 35 091018NO₃-N
Page 100 and 101: The bacteria performing the microbi
Page 102 and 103: Typical profiles of how N2O and DO
Page 106: Mulder A.V.A, Robertson L.A., Kuene
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N2O production in a single stage nitritation/anammox MBBR process

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