MASTER'S THESIS - SuSanA

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APPENDIX C – Site visits 1.4 Interview with villagers Some inhabitants of the village Dober were interviewed at the street to get their feedback on the sanitary situation. The answers cannot be considered representative as only four people were interviewed and three out of the four were teachers. Teachers can be seen as a group that is aware of actual problems. But at least it gives an insight on people's opinion. Figure C.6: Interview with inhabitants of Dober (Niebel 2011) Concerning the current situation for water supply and sanitation, the answers were the same as the ones obtained by the mayor of communes Isa Ramaj. The water for non-drinking purpose is taken from wells and drinking water is taken from other sources. People think that with the introduction of water meters people will consume less water as there is a big misuse of water at the moment. According to these villagers, people in the area do not experience health problems. They stated that they are teachers and therefore would be the first ones getting the information from the children about infections. In general, people use septic tanks or pits for wastewater storage and discharge, but they would like to have a wastewater treatment facility as well, because of ecological reason. But first of all, the people want to get more information about the technologies. As long as people get informed adequately, they will be willing to make decisions and to cooperate. One man mentioned that ADF set up public hearings and that all stakeholders came to the meetings. This feedback can be seen as a positive sign that people are aware what is going on and that they want to participate in the process. Further on, the interviewed people said that their village has the capacity to pay for service, because it is a hard working village and therefore the income situation is better than in the surrounding villages. But when asked if they would contribution by work, they stated that they prefer to work than to pay. 1.5 Conclusion of village visit The village is located very close to the Shkodra lake and people extract ground water for non-drinking purpose. The discharge of wastewater into the ground by using unlined pits is a risk for the nature and human health especially when people use extracted water for drinking purpose. It can be assumed that the groundwater and the lake are polluted by discharged wastewater. C.4
APPENDIX C – Site visits Only some houses of the village are located close to the street, some are quite away from the street and the other houses. Therefore it has to be proofed if wastewater treatment should rather be installed on-site at every house or group of houses or if a canalisation for treating the wastewater of the whole village, e.g. with a constructed wetland, would be an appropriate solution. If canalisation will be too expensive, the best solution would be on-site treatment. This can be realised by septic tanks for several houses that are emptied regularly by a sucking vehicle or a small constructed wetland for a single house or a cluster of several houses. Sharing a septic tank or a small treatment facility by several families would lower the costs per household however shared facilities are often a problem because people start to argue about the cost sharing and the responsibilities for operation and maintenance. To find the most appropriate solution for the village, it would be necessary to get plans of the village and to figure out the costs for each solution. This would mean the costs of constructing septic tanks or small constructed wetlands for single houses or groups of houses, costs for a sewer system to connect all households to one treatment plant and the construction cost for one bigger treatment plant, e.g. a constructed wetland. Also it has to be clarified if space for a constructed wetland is available and how much it would cost. After talking with the mayor of communes and some villagers it seems like a wastewater project would be possible and very welcome in the village of Dober. Although the amount of interviewed people was not representative, interviews gave a good insight. People stated that they want to have wastewater treatment for ecological reason and that they are interested in getting more information about technical solutions. They really want to get involved in the process. People stated that they would contribute to a project either by financial means or preferably by work, if possible. All in all, as the village counts 1,000 inhabitants and environmental and health risks are obvious, action should be taken in that area. Houses are not too scattered and access to them is very good. As people and mayor of communes seem to be interested and willing to cooperate and even financial means can probably be made available, the village seems to be a suitable village to install a small wastewater treatment plant. But before planning, the commitment and the responsibilities for operation and maintenance (O&M) have to be clarified as well as the commitment for paying local contribution and tariffs. In the future, drinking water supply projects and wastewater treatment projects should cooperate closer. As it could be seen during the village visit in Dober, the construction works for the water supply network were ongoing at that the moment of the visit. In case of the decisions for a wastewater treatment facility for the whole village connected by a sewer system the construction works for a sewer system could have been combined with the water supply construction works to avoid the unnecessary double work and to minimise costs. C.5
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MASTER'S THESIS UIM/2011/7
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1 Problem Statement / Background At
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Bauhaus-University Weimar FACULTY O
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List of Abbreviations ADA ADF ALL A
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UNECE VF WB WFD WHO WRA WSP WSS WSS
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Table of content Preface...........
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5.3 Other constructed wetland plant
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Figure 5.15: Design of small size C
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1 Introduction 1.3 Milestones After
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MASTER'S THESIS - SuSanA

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