MASTER'S THESIS - SuSanA

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8 Development of a guideline for the implementation of small size wastewater treatment plants 8.3 Institutional part The institutional part of the guideline shall provide assistance for the planning and implementation process. Overview over involved stakeholders: • Presentation of the involved stakeholders and their roles • Define responsibilities • Introduction to the role of ADF and contacts to ADF Design and planning: • The guideline needs to show how a municipality or commune can plan and implement a small size wastewater projects. Explanations and structure of a TOR should be included. Further questions that needs to be addressed are how to apply for funding, where to find design engineers and construction and supervision companies. Contacts to experts could be provided. • The guideline needs to give an overview about the permissions that are necessary for the construction of a WWTP. Operation, maintenance and monitoring: • Another important aspect of a sanitation project is to guarantee the operation and maintenance. The guideline could provide help to find trained personnel for O&M and to give an overview over the requirements according to the law that have to be fulfilled by the wastewater treatment and discharge. O&M manuals have to be developed for each solution, but should not be included in the guideline. 97
9 Conclusion 9 Conclusion At the present situation, the performance of the Albanian water and wastewater sector is not satisfying. Water supply and wastewater treatment and discharge coverage are low and the sector is not working costrecovering. Baseline data of the sector is often not available or not consistent. The sector is not very well structured and an overall planning is missing – at least until the Masterplan for the sector will be finnished. Improvements of the (wastewater) situation focus mainly on the urban areas, while the rural areas lack funding for their development. Even though the Masterplan that is under development now should address the drinking water and wastewater problems, the wastewater treatment, especially in rural areas, is neglected. One component of the GIZ „Water Sector Reform“ programme aims on tackling this problem by implementing some small and medium size wastewater treatment plants in rural areas of Albania as reference sites. This shall help to gain more experience with the technical solutions for wastewater treatment in rural areas of Albania and to promote them. Local experts and companies have to be trained and supported, what could be done with this sites. Several site visits have been done between November 2011 and February 2012 in order to assess the situation in rural areas of Albania and to get first impressions for the selection of such reference sites. Nearly all the visited sites were very different, with different problems, needs and differences in people's attitude towards the problems concerning the wastewater handling. Environmental and hygiene problems due to inappropriate wastewater discharge occure mainly in dense agglomerations in the low lands, along the coastline and in sensitive areas, like in protected parks and at lakes. In these places, people mostle showed big interest in improving their sanitary situation. People in mountain areas with very scattered houses do not experience such problems and therefore the wastewater handling is not a topic with priority for local people and decision makers. Only in one out of eight visited villages, people were not interested in improving their sanitary solution even though problems were obvious. In such a case, awareness raising and training needs to come first. Technical improvement is only useful if peopel know about their current problems and want to change them for the better. Implementation of technology can only be sustainable if people see the need and accept the technology. All in all, the village and site visits could not provide sufficient information to already plan a treatment facility, but gave good insight into the current situation of rural areas in Albania. The study can be seen as a good starting point for further assessment of the rural areas and selected villages, that was done in March 2012 by a German expert hired by GIZ. Results of this visit were not available at the the time this report was written. The implementation of reference small size wastewater treatment plants in selected rural areas shall take place in 2012. Depending on the local needs and conditions, several on-site and centralised intensive and extensive technologies for wastewater treatment are available that would be suitable for rural areas. To support local decision makers of municipalities and communes in their efforts to implement wastewater treatment plants, GIZ aims on publishing a guideline on how to do small size sanitation projects in rural areas. Such a guideline will be a very helpful tool to spread small size sanitation technologies for rural areas as the focus of the central government is not on this topic. Improvement of the water supply service and especially of the problematic wastewater situation is a goal in order to improve the living standard of the people, to protect the environment, especially in coastal and sensitive areas, and to move towards the implementation of EU laws in oder to prepare Albania for its application for EU membership. 98
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MASTER'S THESIS UIM/2011/7
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Bauhaus-University Weimar FACULTY O
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List of Abbreviations ADA ADF ALL A
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Table of content Preface...........
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MASTER'S THESIS - SuSanA

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