MASTER'S THESIS - SuSanA
MASTER'S THESIS - SuSanA
MASTER'S THESIS - SuSanA
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8 Development of a guideline for the implementation of small size wastewater treatment plants<br />
Presentation of small and medium size sanitation technology:<br />
• The guideline should present technical solutions for rural areas. A pre-selection for different areas<br />
would be helpful (e.g. areas along the coastline have different problems and needs than villages in<br />
the mountain area). Included should be a presentation of the different components (collection,<br />
transport, treatment, discharge) of a sanitation system for on-site and centralised solutions.<br />
• A presentation of at least three small size sanitation systems according to different village types can<br />
be helpful, like examples that are given in the following:<br />
◦ Mountain area without big treatment needs: pits or septic tanks combined with soak pit<br />
◦ Area with higher treatment requirements and dense settlements: centralised treatment, like<br />
ponds and constructed wetlands with pre-treatment<br />
◦ Areas with higher treatment requirements and scattered houses: on-site solutions, as septic<br />
tanks (emptied by sucking vehicle) and on-site constructed wetlands with pre-treatment<br />
◦ Areas along the coastline with water shortages: constructed wetlands with pre-treatment<br />
Financial aspects:<br />
• The guideline should give answer about the costs of wastewater treatment technologies and how to<br />
keep them low. Costs include design and planning, construction, operation and maintenance as well<br />
as depreciation.<br />
8.2 Socio-economical part<br />
The socio-economical part of the guideline should cover all the aspects belonging to people's commitment<br />
to a wastewater treatment project and the acceptance of the selected technical solution. The income<br />
situation and the real needs of the population have to be considered.<br />
Commitment, acceptance and sustainablility:<br />
• The guideline needs to show the necessity of involving people in the planning and decision making<br />
processes. Only if people are committed to the implementation of a wastewater treatment<br />
technology, they will use and accept it. This is necessary to make it sustainable and find the solution<br />
that is most appropriate to the needs and wishes of the users.<br />
• Construction and other costs have to be adapted to the income situation of the local people. People<br />
need to be able to pay the tariffs.<br />
• Ways to establish local involvement should be presented (forming local committee, user groups,<br />
etc.).<br />
• Description of the correlation of design and people's acceptance has to be provided (people want<br />
to have indoor toilets; solutions installed underground are nearly not visible and therefore easier to<br />
be accepted; etc.).<br />
• Guideline can show how the construction phase can bring local employment.<br />
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