MASTER'S THESIS - SuSanA

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7 Presentation of the institutional framework • Implementation of government decision towards aggregation of water utilities „into few, larger service providers“ in order to realise the „economics of scale“ to increase efficiency (MPWT 2011). • Establishment of a national training and certification programme for all utilities. Additionally, the private sector participation is mentioned as a key element of the sector startegy to „bring a more commercial approach to infrastructure provision“ through competition and to reduce political intervention (MPWT 2011). Incentives shall be provided for private companies to get involved in the water sector. In general, the water supply and sanitation (WSS) sector was recognised as important for “economic and social development of the country” (Blaschke et al. 2011) and it can be hoped that the rural areas will be considered more in the future planning. Even though the paper should address the problems of drinking water supply and wastewater treatment and discharge, the wastewater problems of the rural areas stay neglected. 7.1.2 Masterplan for water sector The Masterplan for the Albanian water sector has the goal to identify priorities of the sector until 2040 and is financed by KfW. The development of the Masterplan is still going on at the moment. While the company IC Consulenten is working on the water supply part, the wastewater part is covered by the company IGR Engineers. All given information are gathered from the Masterplan Interception report- Final (November 2011, (Blaschke et al. 2011)), meetings with Andrian Vaso from IC (December, 13 th 2011) and Karlheinz Stransky from IGR (December, 14 th 2011) and a meeting of GIZ and IC Consulenten at the GIZ office (January, 19 th 2012) to prepare the prioritisation criteria. The development of the Masterplan follows several steps or phases. In the 1 st phase a baseline report was prepared that gives an overview over the sector issues, namely financial, social and governmental issues. The baseline report was finished in 2011. The 2 nd and 3 rd phase are going on in parallel. In the 2 nd phase a description of the current situation of infrastructure conditions is prepared. Albania has 58 utilities and is divided in the Masterplan in areas covered by utilities and areas that are not covered (OJ, what stands for „out of jurisdiction“). Data will be transferred into GIS format. A presentation of future needs is prepared as the 3 rd phase. The needs will be figured out by the use of questionnaires. Questionnaires were sent to all utilities and all OJ at the beginning of 2012. The questionnaires for the utilities shall help to collect data for the five main fields drinking water supply, wastewater discharge, financial, social and environmental aspects. Questionnaires for the OJs will be sent to the municipalities/communes and contain less questions. This study shall be finished by mid-February 2012. In the 4 th phase, the development of water demand schemes of Albania and the preparation of a table for prioritisation are targeted, divided into short-term (until 2015), mid-term (until 2020) and long-term (until 2040) actions. In January and February 2012, the consultants that work on the Masterplan met 23 stakeholders of the water sector to ask for their ideas concerning how to set up a scheme to evaluate the necessity of actions and the necessary criteria (e.g. water quality and supply hours, health risks, environmental risks, costs of measure). The prioritisation process consists of (Blaschke et al. 2011): • Conduction of availability analysis; data collection and verification • Identification of problem areas and assessment of urgency • Elaboration and evaluation of competing solutions or projects. 85
7 Presentation of the institutional framework Additionally, it is planned to set up a list of criteria that can change the sequence of the action if necessary and reasonable. This shall help the government to have guiding principles and to stay flexible if necessary. This Masterplan shall help to organise the water sector in a more structured way and to make decision for investment more transparent. The Masterplan will consider whole Albania and not only some regions what makes it a tool for a comprehensive planning. It directs donor money to the most urgent needed actions and shall help to make the sector more sustainable. Overlapping action can be avoided. 7.2 How communes can start a project This sub-chapter shall show on two examples how communes can implement small size wastewater projects. Unfortunately, until now not many projects were done in this field in Albania. The one example shows the implementation process of a constructed wetland plant for wastewater treatment at the SOS children's village in Tirana, funded by GIZ and GDWSS. The other example shows the implementation process of the ADF water supply project in rural areas of Northern Albania, financed by KfW. As no wastewater project is done in Albanian villages until now, the process shall help to learn how to proceed for wastewater projects and what stakeholders have to be included in the process. 7.2.1 Example of implementing a CW at SOS children’s village The constructed wetland plant at the SOS children's village in Sauk, Tirana, is a successful pilot plant for small size wastewater tretment plants in Albania. But as the SOS children's village can be seen as one facility and is not comparable with villages in rural Albania, processes and learnings from the implementation of that plant can not be adopted completely for projects in rural Albanian areas. But still, the project can give some insights into necessary process steps and success factors and will therefore be presented at this point. 7.2.1.1 Process of implementation The following part describes the process from the idea to the implementation of the constructed wetland at the SOS children’s village in Sauk, a suburb of Tirana. The description shall show how stakeholders have been successfully involved in the planning process and what steps had to be taken by the GTZ. The description is mainly based on two interviews with Enkelejda Gjinali, who was project coordinator for GIZ Albania for seven years and is lecturer at the Politechnical University of Tirana dealing with wastewater and industrial wastewater plants for 17 years, and Andreas Kanzler, who was at this time the senior specialist planner for Albania in the GIZ office in Eschborn, Germany. Some further information about contracts taken from documents or gained while talking with Andi Papaproko, Assistant for the “Water Sector Reform” programme, are marked in the text with the source. The process from the idea to the implementation of the constructed wetland at the SOS children’s village was taking a long time. Andreas Kanzler had a big interest in the wastewater topic of Albania. He went to Albania three times and started the discussion about implementation of a constructed wetland. His original idea was to implement a technology that allows the reuse of treated wastewater. Parallel to this, Enkelejda Gjinali proposed the Terms of Reference (TOR) for the implementation of a low cost technology in Albania to the GIZ in the beginning of 2008 (January – April 2008). The aim was to have a case study and to bring a new technology for wastewater treatment to Albania. As Albania has mostly sufficient water resources and experiences no big problems concerning the uncontrolled discharge of wastewater, Andreas Kanzler experienced a lack of awareness for the environmental and health issues related to this when he visited the country. To change the situation, he hired the engineer Martin Wafler from the Austrian consultant company seecon GmbH to make a Baseline Study about the wastewater situation in Albania and to propose some suitable technology for the wastewater treatment. The goal was to get a basic idea of the situation and suggestions for improvement 86
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MASTER'S THESIS UIM/2011/7
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