Trade Policy Note Final-rev08 - Development

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Table of Contents 4 Page I. Aims and objectives...........................................................................................8 Background concepts, past and current debates 8 The case and options for widening the policy space 8 Effective design and implementation 9 Coverage 9 II. Policy Space for Future National Development Strategies ..........................10 Theoretical Context 10 The Expanded Reach of International Trade Obligations 11 FTAs are More Constraining 13 Development Strategies and Trade Negotiations 13 Preparing a Strategy 14 The WTO Multilateral Negotiations and the MDGs 15 III. Tariffs and Industrial Policy...........................................................................19 Tariff Liberalization and Bindings 20 Tariff Policy and Industrialization Strategy 22 Services and Industrial Policy 25 Subsidies 26 IV. Exports and Poverty........................................................................................27 Export Growth and the MDGs 27 Increase Productivity 29 Promote equity 29 Ensure sustainability 30 Elements of a Comprehensive pro-Poor Export Strategy 30 Access to Export Markets 31 V. Agriculture and Food Security.......................................................................32 Complex Multilateral Regime 32 Further Agricultural Liberalization 34 Liberalization and Food Security 36 Gender and Agricultural Trade 39 VI. Trade in Services and Development Strategies.............................................40 Services and the MDGs 40 Universal Access to Services 40 Services and Competitiveness 41 Negotiations on Trade in Services 41 A Strong Regulatory Framework is Required 42 Investment Policy is Central to Trade Negotiations on Services 43 VII. Investment, Jobs for Youth and Access to Technologies ..............................43 International Commitments on Investment Policy 43 Investment performance requirements: a tool for development 44
A “New Generation” of Bilateral Investment Treaties 46 VIII. MNP – Access to THE World Employment Market.....................................46 MNP and the MDGs 46 Access for Service Suppliers 48 IX. A strategy for MNP 48 Intellectual Property Rights for the Poor......................................................49 TRIPS and MDGs 50 Health 50 Competition 51 Genetic resources, agriculture and bio-piracy 51 GIs and Traditional Knowledge 52 X. The FTA Option...............................................................................................54 The Proliferation of FTAs 55 Development Implications of FTAs 55 XI. More than Spaghetti! 56 FTAs with the North 57 …and the South 57 Policy Space within FTAs 58 Sectoral Annexes..............................................................................................62 Annex 3A: Textiles and Clothing: Still the first step to Industrialization? 62 T&C and the MDGs.................................................................................. 62 Market Access........................................................................................... 63 Rules of Origin .......................................................................................... 64 Increasing Productivity and Competitiveness ........................................... 65 Equity: Sharing of Benefits....................................................................... 65 Annex 3B: Fisheries, Putting the products of the poor on world markets 67 Fisheries and MDGs................................................................................. 67 Barriers to Exports of Fish Products........................................................ 68 Annex 5A: Environmental Services 70 Annex 5B: Energy services 73 Enormous investment required to meet world demand ............................. 73 How to ensure universal access? .............................................................. 74 Annex 5C: Financial services 76 Differing Commitments to Financial Reform............................................ 76 Impact of Liberalization............................................................................ 76 Annex 5D: Distribution services 78 Strategic Role of Distribution Services ..................................................... 78 Concentration of Ownership ..................................................................... 78 Conditions for Liberalization.................................................................... 79 Annex 5F: Health services 80 X. References 82 5
Page 1 and 2: NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES POL
Page 3: Preface The outcome document of the
Page 7 and 8: TNCs TRIMs TRIPS TRQ UNCTAD UNESCO
Page 9 and 10: The case and options for widening t
Page 11 and 12: outcomes are less clear. Moreover,
Page 13 and 14: countries struggle to ensure that t
Page 15 and 16: Goal B : to empower people to becom
Page 17 and 18: Tigers), has not followed the Brett
Page 19 and 20: III. TARIFFS AND INDUSTRIAL POLICY
Page 21 and 22: across the board tariff bindings. F
Page 23 and 24: Such tariff policy should ensure th
Page 25 and 26: Export duties can also be an elemen
Page 27 and 28: IV. EXPORTS AND POVERTY Can develop
Page 29 and 30: Increase Productivity Exports shoul
Page 31 and 32: Box 14: Export Policies and WTO and
Page 33 and 34: percent of domestic consumption) wa
Page 35 and 36: developing countries with a few not
Page 37 and 38: Different products emerge at the to
Page 39 and 40: safeguard measures on agricultural
Page 41 and 42: suppliers in the domestic market fo
Page 43 and 44: Investment Policy is Central to Tra
Page 45 and 46: water and sanitation. Sustainabilit
Page 47 and 48: traditionally done in trade in good
Page 49 and 50: Mode 1 service exports, often terme
Page 51 and 52: It is now incumbent on developing c
Page 53 and 54: commercial value to their tradition
Page 55 and 56:
The Proliferation of FTAs Over rece
Page 57 and 58:
services liberalization in these ag
Page 59 and 60:
copyright protection may be extende
Page 61 and 62:
(q) SPS and TBT. Within the framewo
Page 63 and 64:
Market Access Even after the abolit
Page 65 and 66:
were established almost exclusively
Page 67 and 68:
Annex 3B: Fisheries, Putting the pr
Page 69 and 70:
also enshrined in the Code of Condu
Page 71 and 72:
poorest people. 140 Governments in
Page 73 and 74:
Annex 5B: Energy services Attainmen
Page 75 and 76:
Box 25: Strategies for Strengthenin
Page 77 and 78:
On the contrary, a sharp decline ha
Page 79 and 80:
small farmers find themselves left
Page 81 and 82:
A number of developing countries ar
Page 83 and 84:
Commission on Intellectual Property
Page 85 and 86:
Mathew, Sebastian (2003). Trade in
Page 87 and 88:
UNDP (2005). Human Development Repo
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