Trade Policy Note Final-rev08 - Development

- bound, duty- and quota-free access to developed country markets for all (not just
97%) exports of LDCs, i.e. including textiles and clothing; and duty-free access to
developed country markets in other sectors of key export interest to developing
countries;
- tighter multilateral rules on resort to contingency trade measures affecting exports
(e.g. to introduce more stringent disciplines in resort to anti-dumping duties
against developing country exports, and measures to reduce the impact of such
duties when applied) ;
- improved access under Mode 4 of GATS for movement of service suppliers in
occupations of export interest to developing countries, and the protection of
traditional knowledge and prevention of bio-piracy for exported products (e.g.
GIs)
Box 5: Trade Negotiations and Human Development
The UNDP Asia Pacific Initiative on Trade, Human Development and Economic Governance
took on the task, (in 2002), of assessing the impact of various potential outcomes of trade
negotiations on human development. The conduct of such analysis required at least a working
definition of human development as applied to trade. The Asia Trade Initiative examined the
literature on human development and identified four central components against which trade
outcomes could be assessed, focusing on selected areas of trade negotiations for which the
outcome could be expected to impact on a large number of people, particularly poor people (
agriculture, fisheries, MNP, energy services, environmental services ,investment, TRIPs, and
textiles and clothing as well as the WTO plus provisions of FTAs ). Each trade measure
proposed in the negotiations was assessed against whether it (a) would enhance the
empowerment of poor people, i.e. would they gain more ability to shape the processes and
events that affect their lives, (b) would permit poorer people to increase their productivity so
as to enable them to compete in a globalised world economy, including through open and
secure access for their exports, (c) would contribute to equity through increasing
opportunities for those disadvantaged segments of the population (e.g. isolated regions,
women, minority en ethnic groups), including through their access to vital services and (d)
would be sustainable, in the sense that the measures could be implemented without entailing
welfare losses for poorer groups of the population or future generations.
18