Fig Varieties: A Monograph - uri=ucce.ucdavis
Fig Varieties: A Monograph - uri=ucce.ucdavis Fig Varieties: A Monograph - uri=ucce.ucdavis
February, 1955] Condit: Fig Varieties 359 Leaves small, generally 3-lobed, with some 5-lobed or even nonlobed; sinuses deep, open. Figs below medium, 1-1/2 by 1-3/8 inches, pyriform; stalk practically none; skin very thin, light brown in color; pulp red. Turco. Described and illustrated by Vallese (1909). Trees large, with small, 5-lobed leaves; not commonly found. Figs below medium, ovoid; stalk short; color violet; pulp red. Zafrani. Described by Minangoin (1931) from Monastir, Tunisia. Leaves medium, 3- lobed; upper sinuses deep, closed; petiole short. Figs small; neck short; skin rather thick, dark violet in color; ribs present; pulp light red. An attractive fruit, requiring caprification. Smyrna-type Figs Lacking Complete Descriptions Hammani. Described by Minangoin (1931) from Hammamet, Tunisia, as a variety that requires caprification. Leaves below medium, 5-lobed; upper sinuses deep, open. Figs somewhat oblate, 1-1/2 by 1-3/4 inches; stalk very short; color light yellow. Khlouth. Described by Minangoin (1931) from El Oudiane, Tunisia. Leaves very large, 5-lobed; sinuses deep and open; petiole long, up to 4 inches. Figs large; neck short; ribs present; skin thick, glossy, light green in color. Requires caprification. Teen Kazzi. A Smyrna-type fig, introduced in 1927 from Beirut, Syria, under P.I. No. 72,615. No production of fruit in California. Thaaranimt Entael Hadjar (syn. Azerou at Tizi-Ouzou). Described by Trabut (1923). Tree vigorous, with drooping branches; leaves large. Figs light green in color; neck elongated. Fruit easily harvested, because it dries on the tree; well regarded in the market. Thamkarkor Rose. Described by Trabut (1904, 1923) as a small, round fig, borne so profusely as to hang like grapes on the twigs. Observed at Seddouk, where the small, dried fruits were sometimes sought by consumers. See also Blin (1942). Zidi. Described and illustrated in color by Valdeyron and Crossa-Raynaud (1950) as a Tunisian variety producing a second crop only. Tree of large size. Leaves often very large. Figs large, violet-black; used fresh. Caprification necessary. The following varieties, listed and very briefly described by Trabut (1904, 1923), may be of the Smyrna type: Timlouit, Thaaoust, Thaharchou, Thazgouart, and Thaarlit. Hanoteau and Letourneux (1872) list five kinds from Kabylia, believed to require caprification: Thar’animt, El Hadj, Abouzouggar, Mezzith, and Thazaicht. VARIETIES OF THE SAN PEDRO TYPE San Pedro-type figs combine the fruit-setting peculiarities of both the Smyrna and the Common type on one tree in a single annual cycle. First crop figs (brebas) are of the Common type, and develop parthenocarpically. Second-crop figs are of the Smyrna type, the syconia dropping unless stimulated by pollination and fertilization of the longstyled flowers. All of the twenty-one varieties included in the list of
360 Hilgardia [Vol. 23, No. 11 San Pedro-type figs bear a more or less abundant crop of brebas. Since parthenocarpic development of second-crop figs is not a fixed character, the inclusion of certain varieties or the omission of others may be questioned. An example of a perplexing variety is the King, which, without caprification, drops practically all of the main crop at Riverside, but matures a large percentage in coastal climates. Drap d’Or is included in the San Pedro group, although at Riverside a small number of second-crop figs reach maturity without the stimulus of caprification. The following varieties are divided into two groups, based on the color of skin and pulp. San Pedro-type Figs with Skin Green; Pulp Red Cachôpeiro Branco (probable synonyms are Lampo Branco, Vindimo Branco, Santa Catarina, Roma Branco). Described by Mello Leotte (1901) and Bobone (1932); illustrated also by the latter. Cachopo, described by Mello Leotte, may also be the same, although he reported the second crop set fruit without caprification. Brebas mature in Algarve from the middle of May to the end of June, while the second crop ripens in the middle of August. Brebas pyriform to turbinate, with thick neck and short stalk; color greenish yellow. Second-crop figs oblate-spherical, without neck; pulp rosy chestnut; texture coarse; quality good. Colombro (syns. Columbo, Colombra, Colummone, Colombone, Columbaro, and probably Colombo Pazzo). Described by Semmola (1845, with illustration) by Gasparrini (1845) as Colombro; by Savastano (1885) as Colombo; by Vallese (1909) as Colummone, with illustration of leaves; by Siniscalchi (1911) as Columbro; and by Donno (1951b) as Columbaro. According to Vallese, the names Columbo, Colombone, etc., are probably applied to different varieties with a profuse breba crop, commonly called “colummi” or “colombi.” Savastano stated that caprification is indispensable for Colombo; Vallese, however, expressed doubt in the matter, since in some districts the practice of caprification is extended to all varieties, whether they require it or not. De Rosa (1911) found that Colombo Pazzo required caprification Donno describes the two crops of Columbaro in detail, but does not mention caprification. Colombro is grown in central Lecce Province and near Cape Leuca. The tree has light-green terminal buds and mostly 5-lobed leaves; see Donno (1951a) for account of buds and twigs. Brebas not described by Vallese, but reported by Savastano to be small, spherical, green in color. According to Donno (1951b) the brebas are large, pyriform, light green in color; pulp light red. Second-crop figs (after Donno) medium, 2 by 2 inches, spherical; stalk up to 3/8 inch in length; eye mostly open; ribs numerous, elevated; skin color light green; pulp red. Mostly consumed fresh. Gentile (syns. Gentilla, Figue d’Or, Fico d’Oro, Tiburtina of Pliny, Ficus carica pulchella Risso). Described by Porta (1592), Tanara (1651), Aldrovandi (1668), Miller (1768), Hanbury (1770), Christ (1812), Forsyth (1803), Gallesio (1817), Risso (1826),
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February, 1955] Condit: <strong>Fig</strong> <strong>Varieties</strong><br />
359<br />
Leaves small, generally 3-lobed, with some 5-lobed or even nonlobed; sinuses deep,<br />
open. <strong>Fig</strong>s below medium, 1-1/2 by 1-3/8 inches, pyriform; stalk practically none; skin<br />
very thin, light brown in color; pulp red.<br />
Turco. Described and illustrated by Vallese (1909). Trees large, with small, 5-lobed<br />
leaves; not commonly found. <strong>Fig</strong>s below medium, ovoid; stalk short; color violet; pulp<br />
red.<br />
Zafrani. Described by Minangoin (1931) from Monastir, Tunisia. Leaves medium, 3-<br />
lobed; upper sinuses deep, closed; petiole short. <strong>Fig</strong>s small; neck short; skin rather<br />
thick, dark violet in color; ribs present; pulp light red. An attractive fruit, requiring<br />
caprification.<br />
Smyrna-type <strong>Fig</strong>s Lacking Complete Descriptions<br />
Hammani. Described by Minangoin (1931) from Hammamet, Tunisia, as a variety<br />
that requires caprification. Leaves below medium, 5-lobed; upper sinuses deep, open.<br />
<strong>Fig</strong>s somewhat oblate, 1-1/2 by 1-3/4 inches; stalk very short; color light yellow.<br />
Khlouth. Described by Minangoin (1931) from El Oudiane, Tunisia. Leaves very<br />
large, 5-lobed; sinuses deep and open; petiole long, up to 4 inches. <strong>Fig</strong>s large; neck<br />
short; ribs present; skin thick, glossy, light green in color. Requires caprification.<br />
Teen Kazzi. A Smyrna-type fig, introduced in 1927 from Beirut, Syria, under P.I. No.<br />
72,615. No production of fruit in California.<br />
Thaaranimt Entael Hadjar (syn. Azerou at Tizi-Ouzou). Described by Trabut (1923).<br />
Tree vigorous, with drooping branches; leaves large. <strong>Fig</strong>s light green in color; neck<br />
elongated. Fruit easily harvested, because it dries on the tree; well regarded in the<br />
market.<br />
Thamkarkor Rose. Described by Trabut (1904, 1923) as a small, round fig, borne so<br />
profusely as to hang like grapes on the twigs. Observed at Seddouk, where the small,<br />
dried fruits were sometimes sought by consumers. See also Blin (1942).<br />
Zidi. Described and illustrated in color by Valdeyron and Crossa-Raynaud (1950) as<br />
a Tunisian variety producing a second crop only. Tree of large size. Leaves often very<br />
large. <strong>Fig</strong>s large, violet-black; used fresh. Caprification necessary.<br />
The following varieties, listed and very briefly described by Trabut (1904, 1923), may<br />
be of the Smyrna type: Timlouit, Thaaoust, Thaharchou, Thazgouart, and Thaarlit.<br />
Hanoteau and Letourneux (1872) list five kinds from Kabylia, believed to require<br />
caprification: Thar’animt, El Hadj, Abouzouggar, Mezzith, and Thazaicht.<br />
VARIETIES OF THE SAN PEDRO TYPE<br />
San Pedro-type figs combine the fruit-setting peculiarities of both the Smyrna and the<br />
Common type on one tree in a single annual cycle. First crop figs (brebas) are of the<br />
Common type, and develop parthenocarpically. Second-crop figs are of the Smyrna<br />
type, the syconia dropping unless stimulated by pollination and fertilization of the longstyled<br />
flowers. All of the twenty-one varieties included in the list of
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