Boyer diss 2009 1046..

whitening, dark and light areas on a specimen correspond predominantly to shadows and
highlights, respectively, and reveal the specimen’s shape more effectively. All externally
visible morphological structures pertinent to description are labeled on the figures.
Bones are identified with abbreviations (see Table 2.2). Other features are labeled with
numbers (Table 2.1). Italicized numbers following figure citations in the description
section correspond to labels on the morphology depicted in some or all of the cited
figures.
High resolution x-ray computed tomography (HRxCT) data were acquired from
the Center for Quantitative Imaging of Pennsylvania State University, the High-
Resolution X-ray Computed Tomography Facility of the University of Texas at Austin,
and the Center for Biotechnology of Stony Brook University on most specimens (data
available upon request). These data were visualized with the software Amira 4.1.2-1 and
Image J and assisted in description of internal morphology. HRxCT data were
particularly important for verifying identifications of various foramina.
Measurements
Four measurements were taken on the petrosal bone (Table 2.3) and 61
measurements were taken on various aspects of the cranium (Table 2.4-5) using digital
calipers, digital photographs, camera lucida drawings and skeletal reconstructions from
scan imagery. These measurements were used to quantitatively compare specimens
considered in this study.
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