Boyer diss 2009 1046..

Figure 4.32. Plot of principal coordinates based on an analysis of a Euclidean distance
matrix calculated from 24 astragalar shape variables (calculated from raw measurements
of Table 5.20A-C). Variables 1-18 are natural log ratios of raw measurements Ast-1 to
Ast-18 from Table 5.20A-B to the geometric mean of measurements 1-18. Variables 19-
24 are angles in radians (Table 5.20C). All plesiadapids are very similar to each other,
while other euarchontans have higher PC 1 scores. Cynocephalus is most closely linked
with plesiadapids, among euarchontans of the sample; however, the astragalus of
Cynocephalus is more similar to that of a fossil adapiform and Loris, than it is to the
plesiadapids. A primitive eutherian, Deccanolestes hislopi, is differentiated by higher PC
2 scores, but is most closely linked with plesiadapids among taxa in the sample. It seems
likely that other plesiadapiforms would plot in the vicinity of plesiadapids (see Szalay
and Decker, 1974). Dashed line encompasses P. tricuspidens.
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