Boyer diss 2009 1046..
Boyer diss 2009 1046.. Boyer diss 2009 1046..
Table 4.11. Shape variables of plesiadapid metacarpals. Taxon Specimen Bone V-Le a V-PEW V-PED V-MSW V-MSD V-DEW V-DED P. cookei UM 87990 set 1 L MC I 1.154 0.289 -0.149 -0.364 -0.692 -0.056 -0.181 N. intermedius USNM 442229 R MC I 1.219 0.258 -0.198 -0.435 -0.644 -0.064 -0.137 N. gidleyi AMNH 17379 L MC I 1.161 0.288 -0.322 -0.342 -0.697 -0.017 -0.070 P. cookei UM 87990 set 1 L MC II 1.472 -0.368 0.025 -0.445 -0.573 -0.001 -0.109 P. cookei UM 87990 set 2 L MC II 1.488 -0.387 -0.016 -0.458 -0.618 0.007 -0.016 P. cookei UM 87990 set 1 R MC III 1.611 -0.287 0.001 -0.597 -0.597 0.001 -0.132 P. cookei UM 87990 set 2 L MC III 1.713 -0.437 0.051 -0.598 -0.689 0.004 -0.044 N. gidleyi AMNH 17379 L MC III 1.774 -0.236 -0.081 -0.590 -0.692 0.049 -0.224 P. tricuspidens MNHN R 5295 R MC III 1.622 -0.434 -0.017 -0.511 -0.595 0.054 -0.119 P. cookei UM 87990 set 2 R MC IV 1.703 -0.336 0.015 -0.592 -0.725 -0.008 -0.056 P. cookei UM 87990 set 2 L MC IV 1.723 -0.344 -0.007 -0.609 -0.700 -0.007 -0.056 P. tricuspidens MNHN R 5364 R MC IV 1.731 -0.313 -0.141 -0.483 -0.600 0.028 -0.223 P. cookei UM 87990 set 1 R MC V 1.442 -0.124 -0.219 -0.442 -0.576 0.043 -0.124 P. cookei UM 87990 set 2 R MC V 1.551 -0.134 -0.165 -0.740 -0.495 0.058 -0.075 N. intermedius USNM 442229 L MC V 1.522 -0.004 -0.126 -0.651 -0.713 0.052 -0.080 P. tricuspidens MNHN R 5305 R MC V 1.400 -0.124 -0.254 -0.443 -0.625 0.140 -0.094 P. tricuspidens MNHN R 5373 L MC V 1.359 -0.012 -0.212 -0.417 -0.618 0.075 -0.176 P. tricuspidens NMHN nn L MC V 1.463 -0.034 -0.193 -0.516 -0.670 0.077 -0.127 a-natural log ratios of each variable from Table 4.10 (the name of which is given in the suffix the new variable name) to the geometric means from 4.10. For example V-Le = Ln(Le/GM) Table 4.12. Comparisons of plesiadapid metacarpal-carpal articular areas. Ry Set 1 area Set 2 area Carpal area MC II 7.70 9.50 8.20 a MC III 7.10 8.50 ~6 b MC IV 6.80 8.50 10.72 c MC V 6.00 7.50 a – trapezoid distal facet area b – reconstructed capitate distal facet area c – hamate distal facet area. 406
Table 4.13. Measurements of plesiadapid proximal phalanges. Taxon Specimen Atd/Ry Le PEW PED MSW MSD DEW DED BSV HSV SSV P. cookei UM 87990 (Fig. 4.19A) 2/1 -- -- 4.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- P. cookei UM 87990 (Fig. 4.19B) 2/1 -- 4.20 4.16 -- -- -- -- -0.01 -- -- P. cookei UM 87990 (Fig. 4.19C) 2?/? -- -- 4.23 -- 2.80 -- -- -- -- -- P. cookei UM 87990 (Fig. 4.19D) 2?/? -- 4.69 3.90 2.17 2.85 -- -- -0.18 -- -- P. cookei UM 87990 (Fig. 4.19E) 1?/? -- -- -- -- -- 3.36 2.37 -- -- -- P. cookei UM 87990 (Fig. 4.19F) 2?/? -- -- -- -- -- 3.15 2.72 -- -- -- P. cookei UM 87990 (Fig. 4.19G) 2?/? -- -- -- -- -- -- 2.81 -- -- -- P. cookei UM 87990 (Fig. 4.20A) 1?/? 12.76 4.09 3.24 2.26 2.31 3.21 2.41 -0.23 0.29 1.72 P. cookei UM 87990 (Fig. 4.20B) 1?/? 15.52 4.54 3.47 2.22 2.58 3.65 2.53 -0.27 0.37 1.87 P. cookei UM 87990 (Fig. 4.20C) 2?/? 15.23 4.52 4.11 2.33 2.87 3.47 2.84 -0.09 0.20 1.77 P. cookei UM 87990 (Fig. 4.20D) 2?/? 17.28 4.67 3.89 2.48 2.78 3.67 2.94 -0.18 0.22 1.88 P. cookei UM 87990 (Fig. 4.20E) 2?/? 17.28 4.68 3.9 2.37 2.95 3.66 2.97 -0.18 0.21 1.88 P. cookei UM 87990 (Fig. 4.20F) 2?/? 17.67 4.76 4.49 2.47 2.87 3.87 2.76 -0.06 0.34 1.89 ?P .tricuspidens MNHN R 503 2?/? 17.32 4.90 3.68 3.45 2.91 3.61 2.56 -0.29 0.34 1.70 P .tricuspidens MNHN Divers Coll. nn 1?/? 14.25 4.71 3.54 3.27 2.74 3.45 2.71 -0.29 0.24 1.56 P .tricuspidens MNHN R 5303 1/? 14.17 4.57 3.37 2.65 2.25 3.58 2.61 -0.30 0.31 1.76 P .tricuspidens MNHN R 5297 1/? 15.63 4.86 4.18 3.03 2.60 3.67 3.05 -0.15 0.18 1.72 P .tricuspidens MNHN BR 14538 1?/1 12.87 4.40 3.72 2.38 2.58 3.01 2.66 -0.17 0.12 1.65 P .tricuspidens MNHN R 5315 2?/1 12.41 4.81 4.18 2.42 2.58 3.47 3.12 -0.14 0.10 1.60 P .tricuspidens Pell. Coll (CM 091) 2?/? 16.97 4.57 3.51 2.73 2.56 3.31 2.33 -0.26 0.35 1.86 P .tricuspidens Pell. Coll. Nn 1?/? 14.23 4.54 3.73 2.79 2.51 3.23 2.43 -0.19 0.29 1.68 P. n. sp. NMHN nn ?/? 16.05 nm nm 2.75 2.37 3.41 2.48 nm 0.32 1.84 P. n. sp. NMHN nn ?/? -- nm nm 2.88 2.6 3.55 2.68 nm 0.28 -- P. n. sp. NMHN nn ?/? -- nm nm 2.6 2.55 3.43 2.79 nm 0.21 -- P. n. sp. NMHN nn ?/? 13.84 nm nm 2.56 2.34 3.16 2.35 nm 0.30 1.73 P. n. sp. NMHN nn ?/? 15.39 nm nm 2.53 2.22 3.22 2.42 nm 0.29 1.87 P. n. sp. NMHN nn ?/? 14.07 nm nm 2.58 2.2 2.84 2.04 nm 0.33 1.78 P. n. sp. NMHN nn ?/? 14.71 nm nm 2.36 1.98 3.14 2.23 nm 0.34 1.92 P. n. sp. NMHN nn ?/? 14.69 nm nm 2.07 1.73 2.67 2.03 nm 0.27 2.05 P. n. sp. NMHN nn ?/1 12.53 nm nm 4.49 3.43 1.96 2.42 nm -0.21 1.16 P.insignis MNHN Menat specimen 1/3 8.6 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- P.insignis MNHN Menat specimen 1/5 7.5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- P.insignis MNHN Menat specimen 2/3 9.7 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- P.insignis MNHN Menat specimen 2/4 9.9 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- P.insignis MNHN Menat specimen 2/5 9.2 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- N. intermedius USNM 442229 (143a)* 1?/? 7.76 2.43 1.96 1.38 1.22 1.95 1.19 -0.21 0.49 1.79 N. intermedius USNM 442229 (143b)* 2?/? 8.21 2.43 1.96 1.30 1.29 1.88 1.20 -0.21 0.45 1.85 N. intermedius USNM 442229 (143c)* 2?/? 8.73 2.40 1.81 1.30 1.20 1.83 1.26 -0.29 0.37 1.95 N. intermedius USNM 442229 (143d)* 2?/1 6.79 2.38 -- 1.40 1.46 1.74 1.43 -- 0.20 1.56 N. intermedius USNM 442229a 2?/1 6.79 2.47 2.20 1.47 1.33 1.92 1.32 -0.11 0.37 1.58 N. intermedius USNM 442229b 2?/? 9.21 2.58 2.16 1.43 1.38 1.87 1.18 -0.18 0.46 1.88 N. gidleyi AMNH 17379 1/? 9.20 2.46 2.13 1.48 1.36 1.82 1.34 -0.15 0.30 1.87 N. gidleyi AMNH 17379 1?/? 8.56 2.68 2.06 1.56 1.33 2.08 1.39 -0.27 0.41 1.78 N. gidleyi AMNH 17379 ?/1 6.24 2.04 1.63 0.98 1.12 1.53 1.31 -0.22 0.16 1.79 *numbers in parentheses following USNM 442229 correspond to unique identifiers of the particular element (i.e., unofficial “sub-specimen” numbers) assigned by P. Houde during preparation of the specimen 407
- Page 383 and 384: articulation with the entocuneiform
- Page 385 and 386: medial side facet on MT IV from a v
- Page 387 and 388: Vertebral column Vertebral column d
- Page 389 and 390: measurements, see caption of Fig. 4
- Page 391 and 392: transverse processes, and the poste
- Page 393 and 394: taxa appear to have slightly more p
- Page 395 and 396: dorsoventrally than craniocaudally.
- Page 397 and 398: The zygapophyses increase in size b
- Page 399 and 400: vertebrae. It is also similar to th
- Page 401 and 402: identifications have been reversed.
- Page 403 and 404: preserved. The ribs are slender and
- Page 405 and 406: Carpolestes simpsoni (UM 101963) an
- Page 407 and 408: third metacarpal, similar to arbore
- Page 409 and 410: autapomorphy, because it appears th
- Page 411 and 412: Jenkins (1974) found that Tupaia gl
- Page 413 and 414: Nannodectes and other plesiadapids,
- Page 415 and 416: are consistent with more frequent u
- Page 417 and 418: differences generated from informat
- Page 419 and 420: Perry, M. Silcox, R. Secord and man
- Page 421 and 422: ubriventer: implications for the fu
- Page 423 and 424: Linnaeus, C., 1758. Systema naturae
- Page 425 and 426: Stern, J.T.,Jr., 1988. Essentials o
- Page 427 and 428: Table 4.3A. Measurements of the pro
- Page 429 and 430: Table 4.3C. Comparative shape varia
- Page 431 and 432: Table 4.5A. Measurements and shape
- Page 433: Table 4.10. Measurements and shape
- Page 437 and 438: Table 4.15. Measurements of plesiad
- Page 439 and 440: Table 4.17B. Measurements of the di
- Page 441 and 442: Table 4.18B. Measurements of the di
- Page 443 and 444: Table 4.20B. Measurements 11-18 of
- Page 445 and 446: Table 4.21A. Measurements 1-10 and
- Page 447 and 448: Table 4.23. Measurements and shape
- Page 449 and 450: Table 4.26. Measurements of plesiad
- Page 451 and 452: Table 4.28. Measurements of plesiad
- Page 453 and 454: Table 4.32. Measurements of plesiad
- Page 455 and 456: Table 4.35. Body segment lengths (m
- Page 457 and 458: Table 4.37A. Parameters for Gingeri
- Page 459 and 460: Table 4.38C. Summary of plesiadapid
- Page 461 and 462: Appendix Table 4.1B. Plesiadapis co
- Page 463 and 464: Appendix Table 4.3. Other plesiadap
- Page 465 and 466: Figure 4.2. Plesiadapis cookei (UM
- Page 467 and 468: Figure 4.4. Plot of principal coord
- Page 469 and 470: Figure 4.6. Surface reconstructions
- Page 471 and 472: Figure 4.8. Surface reconstructions
- Page 473 and 474: Figure 4.9. Surface reconstructions
- Page 475 and 476: Figure 4.10. Surface reconstruction
- Page 477 and 478: Figure 4.12. Surface reconstruction
- Page 479 and 480: Figure 4.13. Surface reconstruction
- Page 481 and 482: Figure 4.14. Plesiadapis cookei or
- Page 483 and 484: Figure 4.15. Surface reconstruction
Table 4.13. Measurements of plesiadapid proximal phalanges.<br />
Taxon Specimen Atd/Ry Le PEW PED MSW MSD DEW DED BSV HSV SSV<br />
P. cookei UM 87990 (Fig. 4.19A) 2/1 -- -- 4.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- --<br />
P. cookei UM 87990 (Fig. 4.19B) 2/1 -- 4.20 4.16 -- -- -- -- -0.01 -- --<br />
P. cookei UM 87990 (Fig. 4.19C) 2?/? -- -- 4.23 -- 2.80 -- -- -- -- --<br />
P. cookei UM 87990 (Fig. 4.19D) 2?/? -- 4.69 3.90 2.17 2.85 -- -- -0.18 -- --<br />
P. cookei UM 87990 (Fig. 4.19E) 1?/? -- -- -- -- -- 3.36 2.37 -- -- --<br />
P. cookei UM 87990 (Fig. 4.19F) 2?/? -- -- -- -- -- 3.15 2.72 -- -- --<br />
P. cookei UM 87990 (Fig. 4.19G) 2?/? -- -- -- -- -- -- 2.81 -- -- --<br />
P. cookei UM 87990 (Fig. 4.20A) 1?/? 12.76 4.09 3.24 2.26 2.31 3.21 2.41 -0.23 0.29 1.72<br />
P. cookei UM 87990 (Fig. 4.20B) 1?/? 15.52 4.54 3.47 2.22 2.58 3.65 2.53 -0.27 0.37 1.87<br />
P. cookei UM 87990 (Fig. 4.20C) 2?/? 15.23 4.52 4.11 2.33 2.87 3.47 2.84 -0.09 0.20 1.77<br />
P. cookei UM 87990 (Fig. 4.20D) 2?/? 17.28 4.67 3.89 2.48 2.78 3.67 2.94 -0.18 0.22 1.88<br />
P. cookei UM 87990 (Fig. 4.20E) 2?/? 17.28 4.68 3.9 2.37 2.95 3.66 2.97 -0.18 0.21 1.88<br />
P. cookei UM 87990 (Fig. 4.20F) 2?/? 17.67 4.76 4.49 2.47 2.87 3.87 2.76 -0.06 0.34 1.89<br />
?P .tricuspidens MNHN R 503 2?/? 17.32 4.90 3.68 3.45 2.91 3.61 2.56 -0.29 0.34 1.70<br />
P .tricuspidens MNHN Divers Coll. nn 1?/? 14.25 4.71 3.54 3.27 2.74 3.45 2.71 -0.29 0.24 1.56<br />
P .tricuspidens MNHN R 5303 1/? 14.17 4.57 3.37 2.65 2.25 3.58 2.61 -0.30 0.31 1.76<br />
P .tricuspidens MNHN R 5297 1/? 15.63 4.86 4.18 3.03 2.60 3.67 3.05 -0.15 0.18 1.72<br />
P .tricuspidens MNHN BR 14538 1?/1 12.87 4.40 3.72 2.38 2.58 3.01 2.66 -0.17 0.12 1.65<br />
P .tricuspidens MNHN R 5315 2?/1 12.41 4.81 4.18 2.42 2.58 3.47 3.12 -0.14 0.10 1.60<br />
P .tricuspidens Pell. Coll (CM 091) 2?/? 16.97 4.57 3.51 2.73 2.56 3.31 2.33 -0.26 0.35 1.86<br />
P .tricuspidens Pell. Coll. Nn 1?/? 14.23 4.54 3.73 2.79 2.51 3.23 2.43 -0.19 0.29 1.68<br />
P. n. sp. NMHN nn ?/? 16.05 nm nm 2.75 2.37 3.41 2.48 nm 0.32 1.84<br />
P. n. sp. NMHN nn ?/? -- nm nm 2.88 2.6 3.55 2.68 nm 0.28 --<br />
P. n. sp. NMHN nn ?/? -- nm nm 2.6 2.55 3.43 2.79 nm 0.21 --<br />
P. n. sp. NMHN nn ?/? 13.84 nm nm 2.56 2.34 3.16 2.35 nm 0.30 1.73<br />
P. n. sp. NMHN nn ?/? 15.39 nm nm 2.53 2.22 3.22 2.42 nm 0.29 1.87<br />
P. n. sp. NMHN nn ?/? 14.07 nm nm 2.58 2.2 2.84 2.04 nm 0.33 1.78<br />
P. n. sp. NMHN nn ?/? 14.71 nm nm 2.36 1.98 3.14 2.23 nm 0.34 1.92<br />
P. n. sp. NMHN nn ?/? 14.69 nm nm 2.07 1.73 2.67 2.03 nm 0.27 2.05<br />
P. n. sp. NMHN nn ?/1 12.53 nm nm 4.49 3.43 1.96 2.42 nm -0.21 1.16<br />
P.insignis MNHN Menat specimen 1/3 8.6 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --<br />
P.insignis MNHN Menat specimen 1/5 7.5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --<br />
P.insignis MNHN Menat specimen 2/3 9.7 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --<br />
P.insignis MNHN Menat specimen 2/4 9.9 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --<br />
P.insignis MNHN Menat specimen 2/5 9.2 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --<br />
N. intermedius USNM 442229 (143a)* 1?/? 7.76 2.43 1.96 1.38 1.22 1.95 1.19 -0.21 0.49 1.79<br />
N. intermedius USNM 442229 (143b)* 2?/? 8.21 2.43 1.96 1.30 1.29 1.88 1.20 -0.21 0.45 1.85<br />
N. intermedius USNM 442229 (143c)* 2?/? 8.73 2.40 1.81 1.30 1.20 1.83 1.26 -0.29 0.37 1.95<br />
N. intermedius USNM 442229 (143d)* 2?/1 6.79 2.38 -- 1.40 1.46 1.74 1.43 -- 0.20 1.56<br />
N. intermedius USNM 442229a 2?/1 6.79 2.47 2.20 1.47 1.33 1.92 1.32 -0.11 0.37 1.58<br />
N. intermedius USNM 442229b 2?/? 9.21 2.58 2.16 1.43 1.38 1.87 1.18 -0.18 0.46 1.88<br />
N. gidleyi AMNH 17379 1/? 9.20 2.46 2.13 1.48 1.36 1.82 1.34 -0.15 0.30 1.87<br />
N. gidleyi AMNH 17379 1?/? 8.56 2.68 2.06 1.56 1.33 2.08 1.39 -0.27 0.41 1.78<br />
N. gidleyi AMNH 17379 ?/1 6.24 2.04 1.63 0.98 1.12 1.53 1.31 -0.22 0.16 1.79<br />
*numbers in parentheses following USNM 442229 correspond to unique identifiers of the<br />
particular element (i.e., unofficial “sub-specimen” numbers) assigned by P. Houde during<br />
preparation of the specimen<br />
407
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