Boyer diss 2009 1046..

euarchontans (Fig. 1.1). Their analysis recovered a clade composed of plesiadapids and
carpolestid plesiadapiforms. Saxonellids and Chronolestes formed outgroups to this
clade. They called this clade plus its outgroups “Plesiadapoidea.” The analysis recovered
Euprimates as the sister taxon to Plesiadapoidea. They suggested that specialized
grasping of carpolestids was primitive for the Plesiadapoidea, and a synapomorphy of
Euprimateformes (Plesiadapoidea + Euprimates), again implying that the incipient
grasping and short fingers of plesiadapids are derived.
Boyer and Bloch (2008) presented length measurements for individual elements
of N. gidleyi (MC III, two proximal phalanges and three intermediate phalanges – AMNH
17379), N. intermedius (MC III, six proximal phalanges and four intermediate phalanges
– USNM 442229), and P. cookei (MC II, MC III, both MT IIIs, six proximal phalanges
and five intermediate phalanges – UM 87990). They also presented cross-sectional area
measurements for the intermediate phalanges of these specimens (p. 239-240, Table
11.1). The authors plotted other measurements of the intermediate phalanges of these
plesiadapids in figures 11.11 (p.248) and 11.12 (p. 249). They figured the first
photograph of an intermediate phalanx of P. cookei (p. 249, fig. 11.12) and the first
illustrations of its distal ulna and radius (p. 256, fig. 11.19). Furthermore, they plotted
measurements of vertebrae of N. intermedius (USNM 442229) (p. 262, fig. 11.25) and
indices from limb measurements of P. cookei (UM 87990) (p. 265, fig. 11.27). They
stated that the brachial index of P. cookei is 101 and that the intermembral index is 89,
but did not give the crural index. These values differ from those given by Gingerich
(1976) for P. tricuspidens, indicating a proportionally longer forearm in P.cookei.
Generally, the data they presented and their interpretations are supportive of previous
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