Boyer diss 2009 1046..
Boyer diss 2009 1046.. Boyer diss 2009 1046..
Table 3.4. Tooth measurements of Plesiadapidae and Paramyidae. a Abbreviations: BH – Buckman Hollow, Cf – Clarkforkian, CPQ – Cedar Point Quarry, DQ – Divide Q, E – Europe, ECM – Eagle Coal Mine, GGS – George Gaylord Simpson locality, GQ – Gidley Q, MP – Mammalian Palaeogene reference levels, NA – North America, PQ – Princeton Q, PE – Palaeogene European biozones, SC – Sand Coulee, To – Torrejonian, Ti – Tiffanian, RBQ – Rock Bench Q, WN – Who Nose? Q Specimen Species Ctnt Locality Relative age absolut age 2d area 3d area RFI OPC YPM-PU 17787 Plesiadapis churchilli NA SDQ Ti-4 58.1 8.72 31.26 0.493 62 UM 108786 Plesiadapis churchilli NA DQ Ti-4 58.1 9.33 33.98 0.460 61 UM 108748 Plesiadapis churchilli NA DQ Ti-4 58.1 10.73 33.41 0.482 72 Mean Plesiadapis churchilli 9.59 32.88 0.478 64.79 UM 80720 Plesiadapis cookei NA SC-19 Cf-2 56.4 29.39 78.05 0.488 64 UM 82364 Plesiadapis cookei NA SC-19 Cf-2 56.4 25.72 71.79 0.513 67 UM 65050 Plesiadapis cookei NA SC-20 Cf-2 56.4 26.20 71.59 0.503 67 UM 69913 Plesiadapis cookei NA SC-136 Cf-2 56.4 32.49 94.08 0.532 63 UM 65720 Plesiadapis cookei NA SC-62 Cf-2 56.4 27.73 75.46 0.501 62 UM 71764 Plesiadapis cookei NA SC-62 Cf-2 56.4 32.01 85.59 0.492 67 UM 79636 Plesiadapis cookei NA SC-116 Cf-2 56.4 25.04 67.03 0.492 60 UM 69995 Plesiadapis cookei NA SC-220 Cf-2 56.4 27.68 75.76 0.503 61 UM 87990 Plesiadapis cookei NA SC-117 Cf-2 56.4 23.38 61.26 0.482 53 UM 8801 Plesiadapis cookei NA Cf-2 56.4 29.79 78.26 0.483 68 Mean Plesiadapis cookei 27.94 75.89 0.499 63.25 UM 68741 Plesiadapis gingerichi NA SC-179 Cf-1 56.8 18.67 47.77 0.469 69 YPM-PU 17814 Plesiadapis simonsi NA s24, 55N 97W Ti-5b 57.2 16.18 42.54 0.483 77 UM 108451 Plesiadapis simonsi NA SC-389 Ti5b 57.2 16.27 41.88 0.473 65 Mean Plesiadapis simonsi 16.22 42.21 0.478 71 UM 68027 Plesiadapis dubius NA SC-156 Cf-2 56.4 8.39 22.26 0.488 56 UM 67244 Plesiadapis dubius NA SC-143 Cf-2 56.4 10.77 23.89 0.508 69 UM 87211 Plesiadapis dubius NA FG-100 Cf-2 56.4 8.49 22.63 0.477 70 UM 63733 Plesiadapis dubius NA SC-143 Cf-2 56.4 10.06 18.98 0.487 52 UM 71332 Plesiadapis dubius NA BH Cf-1 56.8 6.68 17.62 0.485 64 UM 77285 Plesiadapis dubius NA FG-41 Cf-1 56.8 9.65 18.48 0.481 59 UM 68357 Plesiadapis dubius NA BH Cf-1 56.8 12.75 26.32 0.481 65 UM 109907 Plesiadapis dubius NA SC-389 Ti-5b 57.2 13.55 23.79 0.515 58 Mean Plesiadapis dubius 10.04 21.74 0.490 61.56 UM 109996 Plesiadapis fodinatus NA SC-389 Ti-5b 57.2 8.65 23.97 0.455 61 UM 109581 Plesiadapis fodinatus NA SC-389 Ti-5b 57.2 7.17 24.10 0.507 63 UM 109521 Plesiadapis fodinatus NA SC-389 Ti-5b 57.2 7.07 27.29 0.471 67 YPM-PU 13941 Plesiadapis fodinatus NA PQ Ti-5a 57.6 10.18 27.61 0.499 63 YPM-PU 14032 Plesiadapis fodinatus NA PQ Ti-5a 57.6 11.67 25.48 0.508 67 YPM-PU 13975 Plesiadapis fodinatus NA PQ Ti-5a 57.6 8.74 31.15 0.528 60 YPM-PU 17601 Plesiadapis fodinatus NA PQ Ti-5a 57.6 10.64 28.64 0.489 62 Mean Plesiadapis fodinatus 9.16 26.89 0.494 63.21 UM 870065 Plesiadapis rex NA GGS 13 Ti-3 59.2 9.60 25.33 0.485 68 GGS-13, 2002 spec. Plesiadapis rex NA GGS 13 Ti-3 59.2 8.31 22.08 0.488 52 UM 900317 Plesiadapis rex NA GGS 13 Ti-3 59.2 10.03 26.17 0.479 68 UM 900312 Plesiadapis rex NA GGS 13 Ti-3 59.2 9.65 24.01 0.456 57 UM 880149 Plesiadapis rex NA GGS 13 Ti-3 59.2 9.57 24.81 0.476 62 UM 870063 Plesiadapis rex NA GGS 13 Ti-3 59.2 10.34 24.72 0.436 50 UM 870061 Plesiadapis rex NA GGS 13 Ti-3 59.2 11.60 30.01 0.475 66 UM 880566 Plesiadapis rex NA GGS 13 Ti-3 59.2 9.51 23.88 0.460 60 UM L13-2 Plesiadapis rex NA GGS 13 Ti-3 59.2 10.10 25.22 0.458 53 YPM-PU 20059 Plesiadapis rex NA CPQ Ti-3 59.2 10.07 25.76 0.470 67 YPM-PU 20058 Plesiadapis rex NA CPQ Ti-3 59.2 9.56 24.43 0.469 67 YPM-PU 21289 Plesiadapis rex NA CPQ Ti-3 59.2 9.45 22.91 0.443 58 Mean Plesiadapis rex 9.82 24.94 0.466 60.54 UALVP 43232 Pronothodectes matthewi NA WN To-2 63.1 4.48 11.47 0.470 62 UALVP 43276 Pronothodectes matthewi NA WN To-2 63.1 4.05 11.01 0.500 51 AMNH 35469 Pronothodectes matthewi NA GQ To-2 63.1 4.62 11.94 0.474 57 AMNH 35462 Pronothodectes matthewi NA GQ To-2 63.1 5.13 13.53 0.485 60 AMNH 35467 Pronothodectes matthewi NA GQ To-2 63.1 4.62 12.10 0.482 56 UALVP 43231 Pronothodectes matthewi NA WN To-2 63.1 3.53 8.60 0.445 58 UALVP no num 1 Pronothodectes matthewi NA WN To-2 63.1 5.11 13.43 0.483 63 UALVP 43279 Pronothodectes matthewi NA WN To-2 63.1 4.76 12.67 0.490 62 UALVP 43275 Pronothodectes matthewi NA WN To-2 63.1 4.73 12.15 0.472 56 YPM-PU 17454 Pronothodectes jepi NA RBQ To-2 63.1 6.15 16.26 0.486 70 YPM-PU 17436 Pronothodectes jepi NA RBQ To-2 63.1 4.67 11.86 0.466 52 YPM-PU 14783 Pronothodectes jepi NA RBQ To-2 63.1 6.00 15.51 0.475 57 Mean Pronothodectes 4.82 12.54 0.477 58.61 218
Table 3.4 continued. European plesiadapids. Specimen Species Ctnt Locality Relative age absolut age 2d area 3d area RFI OPC MNHN BR-71-l Chiromyoides campanicus E Berru MP6-7(PE 1) 57.2 7.25 16.54 0.412 55 MNHN BR 13925 Chiromyoides campanicus E Berru MP6-7(PE 1) 57.2 8.15 17.75 0.389 62 MNHN-R 859 Chiromyoides campanicus E Berru? MP6-7(PE 1) 57.2 7.90 16.99 0.383 55 UM SC-243 Chiromyoides sp. NA SC-243 Ti-4 58.1 6.52 14.94 0.415 59 Mean Chiromyoides 7.46 16.56 0.400 57.63 MNHN AV 5762 Platychoerops daubrei E Avernay MP 9 (PE V) 52.0 22.68 62.10 0.504 84 MNHN AL(j) Platychoerops daubrei E Avernay MP 9 (PE V) 52.0 20.67 60.43 0.536 70 MNHN MU 5578 Platychoerops daubrei E Mutigny MP 8 (PE III) 54.8 15.57 42.56 0.503 68 MNHN MU 5939 Platychoerops daubrei E Mutigny MP 8 (PE III) 54.8 19.58 56.28 0.528 76 MNHN MU 5560 Platychoerops daubrei E Mutigny MP 8 (PE III) 54.8 22.74 70.12 0.563 76 MNHN MU 6184 Platychoerops daubrei E Mutigny MP 8 (PE III) 54.8 18.72 50.95 0.501 72 MNHN MU 6275 Platychoerops daubrei E Mutigny MP 8 (PE III) 54.8 18.22 49.61 0.501 70 MNHN MU 12302 Platychoerops daubrei E Mutigny MP 8 (PE III) 54.8 20.99 62.82 0.548 70 MNHN MU 12301 Platychoerops daubrei E Mutigny MP 8 (PE III) 54.8 18.70 55.22 0.541 71 Mean Platychoerops daubrei 19.76 56.68 0.525 73.08 MNHN BR 12493 Plesiadapis tricuspidens E Berru MP6-7 (PE 1) 57.2 16.80 42.95 0.469 60 MNHN BR NN4a Plesiadapis tricuspidens E Berru MP6-7 (PE 1) 57.2 17.42 43.79 0.461 55 MNHN BR NN4c Plesiadapis tricuspidens E Berru MP6-7 (PE 1) 57.2 18.82 48.28 0.471 59 MNHN BR-L-51 Plesiadapis tricuspidens E Berru MP6-7 (PE 1) 57.2 22.97 59.73 0.478 62 MNHN CR 14363 Plesiadapis tricuspidens E Berru MP6-7 (PE 1) 57.2 16.23 40.68 0.459 61 MNHN BR NN2a Plesiadapis tricuspidens E Berru MP6-7 (PE 1) 57.2 18.72 47.65 0.467 51 MNHN BR NN2b Plesiadapis tricuspidens E Berru MP6-7 (PE 1) 57.2 16.81 40.93 0.445 61 MNHN BR NN2d Plesiadapis tricuspidens E Berru MP6-7 (PE 1) 57.2 15.25 36.99 0.443 46 Mean Plesiadapis tricuspidens 17.88 45.12 0.462 56.86 Table 3.4 continued. Clarkforkian rodents. Specimen Species Ctnt Locality Relative age absolut age 2d area 3d area RFI OPC UM 77755 Acritoparamys atwateri NA SC-188 Cf-2 56.8 4.46 10.86 0.445 50 UM 77719 Microparamys cheradius NA SC-188 Cf-2 56.8 2.35 5.42 0.419 69 UM 77752 Acritoparamys atavus NA SC-188 Cf-2 56.8 2.20 5.56 0.462 57 UM 75443 Acritoparamys atavus NA SC-188 Cf-2 56.8 5.63 13.52 0.438 63 UM 77771 Reithroparamys sp. indet. NA SC-188 Cf-2 56.8 7.05 17.91 0.466 64 UM 71177 Acritoparamys atwateri NA SC-74 Cf-2 56.8 4.79 12.26 0.470 57 YPM-PU 14200 Acritoparamys atavus NA ECM Cf-3 56.8 2.79 6.96 0.456 67 UM 69871 Acritoparamys atavus NA SC-214 Cf-3 56.8 2.36 5.97 0.467 68 UM 71173 Acritoparamys atavus NA SC-74 Cf-3 56.8 2.27 6.03 0.474 64 UM 77834 Paramys taurus NA SC-48 Cf-3 56.8 6.64 16.49 0.455 59 Mean Paramyidae 4.05 10.10 0.455 61.78 a – gray cells show data used in analyses of this study 219
- Page 195 and 196: Figure 2.36. AMNH 41527 Lagostomus
- Page 197 and 198: Figure 2.37. AMNH 185638 Indri indr
- Page 199 and 200: Figure 2.38. USNM 482353 Ignacius c
- Page 201 and 202: Figure 2.39. UM 108207 Acidomomys h
- Page 203 and 204: Figure 2.40. Reconstruction of ples
- Page 205 and 206: CHAPTER 3: DESCRIPTION OF THE FIRST
- Page 207 and 208: these species. Changing ecological
- Page 209 and 210: Institutional abbreviations AMNH, A
- Page 211 and 212: Methods of examination and document
- Page 213 and 214: SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY Class MAMMA
- Page 215 and 216: Premaxilla and premaxillary dentiti
- Page 217 and 218: nerve and vessels in life (Fig. 3.5
- Page 219 and 220: identifiable. No ethmoid foramina c
- Page 221 and 222: process is quite large, projecting
- Page 223 and 224: vestibuli. This groove’s point of
- Page 225 and 226: 9: 40). The right side reveals an a
- Page 227 and 228: e seen as a wedge-shaped, rugose de
- Page 229 and 230: process appears as solid bone. Admi
- Page 231 and 232: 16) for P. tricuspidens and Rose (1
- Page 233 and 234: DENTAL FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY OF P.
- Page 235 and 236: Lower premolar molarization As indi
- Page 237 and 238: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION The skull of
- Page 239 and 240: REFERENCES Bloch, J.I., Boyer, D.M.
- Page 241 and 242: TABLES Table 3.1. List of anatomica
- Page 243 and 244: Table 3.2. Anatomical abbreviations
- Page 245: Table 3.3. Size comparison among pl
- Page 249 and 250: Figure 3.1. Cranium of Plesiadapis
- Page 251 and 252: Figure 3.3. Right maxillary teeth (
- Page 253 and 254: Figure 3.4. Cranium of Plesiadapis
- Page 255 and 256: Figure 3.5. Cranium of Plesiadapis
- Page 257 and 258: Figure 3.6. Cranium of Plesiadapis
- Page 259 and 260: Figure 3.8. Fragment from right nuc
- Page 261 and 262: Figure 3.9. Right promontorium of P
- Page 263 and 264: Figure 3.10. Cranium of Plesiadapis
- Page 265 and 266: Figure 3.12. Right dentary of Plesi
- Page 267 and 268: Figure 3.14. A, Plot of relief inde
- Page 269 and 270: CHAPTER 4: THE FIRST KNOWN SKELETON
- Page 271 and 272: among plesiadapiforms (e.g., Szalay
- Page 273 and 274: Institutional and collections abbre
- Page 275 and 276: CaL - capitulum (of humerus) antero
- Page 277 and 278: HSV - head shape variable = ln(DEW/
- Page 279 and 280: MSD - mid-shaft dorsoventral or ant
- Page 281 and 282: Ry - ray (as in “digit ray”) S-
- Page 283 and 284: History of descriptive study of the
- Page 285 and 286: illustrations of this material, exc
- Page 287 and 288: astragalus and calcaneum was highly
- Page 289 and 290: discussion of the femur indicates t
- Page 291 and 292: supinator crests. He also noted tha
- Page 293 and 294: that it may not even be an archonta
- Page 295 and 296: unstudied material. Specifically, h
Table 3.4. Tooth measurements of Plesiadapidae and Paramyidae. a Abbreviations: BH –<br />
Buckman Hollow, Cf – Clarkforkian, CPQ – Cedar Point Quarry, DQ – Divide Q, E –<br />
Europe, ECM – Eagle Coal Mine, GGS – George Gaylord Simpson locality, GQ – Gidley<br />
Q, MP – Mammalian Palaeogene reference levels, NA – North America, PQ – Princeton<br />
Q, PE – Palaeogene European biozones, SC – Sand Coulee, To – Torrejonian, Ti –<br />
Tiffanian, RBQ – Rock Bench Q, WN – Who Nose? Q<br />
Specimen Species Ctnt Locality Relative age absolut age 2d area 3d area RFI OPC<br />
YPM-PU 17787 Plesiadapis churchilli NA SDQ Ti-4 58.1 8.72 31.26 0.493 62<br />
UM 108786 Plesiadapis churchilli NA DQ Ti-4 58.1 9.33 33.98 0.460 61<br />
UM 108748 Plesiadapis churchilli NA DQ Ti-4 58.1 10.73 33.41 0.482 72<br />
Mean Plesiadapis churchilli 9.59 32.88 0.478 64.79<br />
UM 80720 Plesiadapis cookei NA SC-19 Cf-2 56.4 29.39 78.05 0.488 64<br />
UM 82364 Plesiadapis cookei NA SC-19 Cf-2 56.4 25.72 71.79 0.513 67<br />
UM 65050 Plesiadapis cookei NA SC-20 Cf-2 56.4 26.20 71.59 0.503 67<br />
UM 69913 Plesiadapis cookei NA SC-136 Cf-2 56.4 32.49 94.08 0.532 63<br />
UM 65720 Plesiadapis cookei NA SC-62 Cf-2 56.4 27.73 75.46 0.501 62<br />
UM 71764 Plesiadapis cookei NA SC-62 Cf-2 56.4 32.01 85.59 0.492 67<br />
UM 79636 Plesiadapis cookei NA SC-116 Cf-2 56.4 25.04 67.03 0.492 60<br />
UM 69995 Plesiadapis cookei NA SC-220 Cf-2 56.4 27.68 75.76 0.503 61<br />
UM 87990 Plesiadapis cookei NA SC-117 Cf-2 56.4 23.38 61.26 0.482 53<br />
UM 8801 Plesiadapis cookei NA Cf-2 56.4 29.79 78.26 0.483 68<br />
Mean Plesiadapis cookei 27.94 75.89 0.499 63.25<br />
UM 68741 Plesiadapis gingerichi NA SC-179 Cf-1 56.8 18.67 47.77 0.469 69<br />
YPM-PU 17814 Plesiadapis simonsi NA s24, 55N 97W Ti-5b 57.2 16.18 42.54 0.483 77<br />
UM 108451 Plesiadapis simonsi NA SC-389 Ti5b 57.2 16.27 41.88 0.473 65<br />
Mean Plesiadapis simonsi 16.22 42.21 0.478 71<br />
UM 68027 Plesiadapis dubius NA SC-156 Cf-2 56.4 8.39 22.26 0.488 56<br />
UM 67244 Plesiadapis dubius NA SC-143 Cf-2 56.4 10.77 23.89 0.508 69<br />
UM 87211 Plesiadapis dubius NA FG-100 Cf-2 56.4 8.49 22.63 0.477 70<br />
UM 63733 Plesiadapis dubius NA SC-143 Cf-2 56.4 10.06 18.98 0.487 52<br />
UM 71332 Plesiadapis dubius NA BH Cf-1 56.8 6.68 17.62 0.485 64<br />
UM 77285 Plesiadapis dubius NA FG-41 Cf-1 56.8 9.65 18.48 0.481 59<br />
UM 68357 Plesiadapis dubius NA BH Cf-1 56.8 12.75 26.32 0.481 65<br />
UM 109907 Plesiadapis dubius NA SC-389 Ti-5b 57.2 13.55 23.79 0.515 58<br />
Mean Plesiadapis dubius 10.04 21.74 0.490 61.56<br />
UM 109996 Plesiadapis fodinatus NA SC-389 Ti-5b 57.2 8.65 23.97 0.455 61<br />
UM 109581 Plesiadapis fodinatus NA SC-389 Ti-5b 57.2 7.17 24.10 0.507 63<br />
UM 109521 Plesiadapis fodinatus NA SC-389 Ti-5b 57.2 7.07 27.29 0.471 67<br />
YPM-PU 13941 Plesiadapis fodinatus NA PQ Ti-5a 57.6 10.18 27.61 0.499 63<br />
YPM-PU 14032 Plesiadapis fodinatus NA PQ Ti-5a 57.6 11.67 25.48 0.508 67<br />
YPM-PU 13975 Plesiadapis fodinatus NA PQ Ti-5a 57.6 8.74 31.15 0.528 60<br />
YPM-PU 17601 Plesiadapis fodinatus NA PQ Ti-5a 57.6 10.64 28.64 0.489 62<br />
Mean Plesiadapis fodinatus 9.16 26.89 0.494 63.21<br />
UM 870065 Plesiadapis rex NA GGS 13 Ti-3 59.2 9.60 25.33 0.485 68<br />
GGS-13, 2002 spec. Plesiadapis rex NA GGS 13 Ti-3 59.2 8.31 22.08 0.488 52<br />
UM 900317 Plesiadapis rex NA GGS 13 Ti-3 59.2 10.03 26.17 0.479 68<br />
UM 900312 Plesiadapis rex NA GGS 13 Ti-3 59.2 9.65 24.01 0.456 57<br />
UM 880149 Plesiadapis rex NA GGS 13 Ti-3 59.2 9.57 24.81 0.476 62<br />
UM 870063 Plesiadapis rex NA GGS 13 Ti-3 59.2 10.34 24.72 0.436 50<br />
UM 870061 Plesiadapis rex NA GGS 13 Ti-3 59.2 11.60 30.01 0.475 66<br />
UM 880566 Plesiadapis rex NA GGS 13 Ti-3 59.2 9.51 23.88 0.460 60<br />
UM L13-2 Plesiadapis rex NA GGS 13 Ti-3 59.2 10.10 25.22 0.458 53<br />
YPM-PU 20059 Plesiadapis rex NA CPQ Ti-3 59.2 10.07 25.76 0.470 67<br />
YPM-PU 20058 Plesiadapis rex NA CPQ Ti-3 59.2 9.56 24.43 0.469 67<br />
YPM-PU 21289 Plesiadapis rex NA CPQ Ti-3 59.2 9.45 22.91 0.443 58<br />
Mean Plesiadapis rex 9.82 24.94 0.466 60.54<br />
UALVP 43232 Pronothodectes matthewi NA WN To-2 63.1 4.48 11.47 0.470 62<br />
UALVP 43276 Pronothodectes matthewi NA WN To-2 63.1 4.05 11.01 0.500 51<br />
AMNH 35469 Pronothodectes matthewi NA GQ To-2 63.1 4.62 11.94 0.474 57<br />
AMNH 35462 Pronothodectes matthewi NA GQ To-2 63.1 5.13 13.53 0.485 60<br />
AMNH 35467 Pronothodectes matthewi NA GQ To-2 63.1 4.62 12.10 0.482 56<br />
UALVP 43231 Pronothodectes matthewi NA WN To-2 63.1 3.53 8.60 0.445 58<br />
UALVP no num 1 Pronothodectes matthewi NA WN To-2 63.1 5.11 13.43 0.483 63<br />
UALVP 43279 Pronothodectes matthewi NA WN To-2 63.1 4.76 12.67 0.490 62<br />
UALVP 43275 Pronothodectes matthewi NA WN To-2 63.1 4.73 12.15 0.472 56<br />
YPM-PU 17454 Pronothodectes jepi NA RBQ To-2 63.1 6.15 16.26 0.486 70<br />
YPM-PU 17436 Pronothodectes jepi NA RBQ To-2 63.1 4.67 11.86 0.466 52<br />
YPM-PU 14783 Pronothodectes jepi NA RBQ To-2 63.1 6.00 15.51 0.475 57<br />
Mean Pronothodectes 4.82 12.54 0.477 58.61<br />
218
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