Boyer diss 2009 1046..

the midpoint is slightly narrower, roughly 4.4 mm. The posterior width cannot be
measured due to breakage. The bone is marked by a longitudinal ridge along its midline
(Fig. 3.5: 43). The pre-distortion dorsoventral thickness of the bone is difficult to
estimate.
The exoccipitals are quite well preserved, retaining both occipital condyles (Fig.
3.4, 5, 10: 44), the left hypoglossal foramen (Fig. 3.5: 45), the posterior margins of both
posterior lacerate foramina (or jugular foramina) (Fig. 3.5: 46), both jugular processes
(Figs. 3.5, 10: 47), and the majority of their contribution to the posterior surface of the
skull (Fig. 3.10). The suture, or contact, with the basioccipital is completely obscured.
Each condyle is 5.1 mm high and 4.5 mm wide. The hypoglossal foramen is 1.75 mm by
1.60 mm and has two smaller foramina inset within it. The left jugular foramen is
preserved more completely and is 2.9 mm in maximum diameter. The jugular processes
do not project posteriorly beyond the condyles, as they sometimes do in other taxa. The
processes project lateral to the edge of the condyles by 2.4 mm on both sides. The
foramen magnum appears undistorted and is 6.4 mm high and 9.1 mm wide (Fig. 3.10:
48). The dorsal rim of the foramen magnum is comprised mainly of right and left
exoccipitals. The two bones almost meet in the midline and may have actually touched in
the pristine skull (Fig 10: 49). Given that the exoccipitals and supraoccipital appear
generally undistorted overall, the mediolateral diameter of the back of the skull between
posteriormost projections of the exoccipital jugular process can be measured at 21.7 mm.
The supraoccipital is fragmentary (Figs. 3.10, 13) and is preserved on the
posterior sides of the nuchal crests. This bone was thin and overlay the exoccipital (Figs.
3.5, 10, 13: 50). The region of contact between the missing pieces of supraoccipital can
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