Boyer diss 2009 1046..

nerve and vessels in life (Fig. 3.5: 9). If M 3 had been preserved, the length of the tooth
row from P 3 to M 3 would have measured about 23 mm. Some of the M 3 alveoli may have
breached the dorsal surface of the alveolar process of the maxilla, and thus communicated
with the orbital cavity (Figs. 3.1, 3, 5: 10). Specifically, on the left side, it appears that
one or both buccal roots communicated, but the lingual root did not (Figs. 3.1, 5). On the
right side the buccal roots did not breach the maxilla’s dorsal surface, but the lingual root
did (Fig. 3.3). This variable pattern may indicate that any apparent dorsal
communications between the M 3 alveoli and the orbit in this specimen are actually the
result of postmortem breakage.
The alveolar processes have been rotated and translated medially so that the left
and right tooth rows are slightly angled toward one another (Fig. 3.6B) and the original
inter-tooth row distance has been constricted. The unilateral breadth of the palate, as
preserved, measures 5.5 mm at the level of I 2 , 7.7 mm at the anterior margin of P 2 , and
13.6 mm at the level of M 3 . These first two measurements reveal an anteriorly tapering
snout. The unilateral width of the maxilla, as measured from the sagittal plane with the
alveolar process included, is 15.1 mm but the zygomatic process projects laterally another
11 mm. The right infraorbital foramen, situated just anterior to P 3 , is 2.73 mm high and
1.52 mm wide (Figs. 3.3, 5, 6: 11). The left infraorbital foramen is visible damaged.
Zygomatic.— The zygomatics are fairly well-preserved, although the left element
is more complete. The left sutural contact with the lacrimal and maxilla measures 18.4
mm (Figs. 3.1, 4-6: 12). This contact is straight and slopes laterally and posteriorly from
its most anterodorsal point (Figs. 3.1, 4-6: 12). The dorsoventral depth of the element
decreases steadily laterally and posteriorly. At the lateral edge of the orbital excavation
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