Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage Factsheet: Source ...

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Household Water Treatment for Arsenic Removal Fact Sheet: Coagulation-Flocculation References Hwang, S.K. (2002). Point-of-use arsenic removal from drinking water in Nepal using coagulation and filtration. MIT Master of Engineering Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. USA. Available online at: http://web.mit.edu/watsan/Docs/Student%20Theses/Nepal/Hwang2002.pdf Sutherland, D., M. Woolgar, Dr. Nuruzzaman, T. Claydon. (2001). Rapid assessment of household level arsenic removal technologies: Phase II Executive Summary. WS Atkins International Ltd., Bangladesh Arsenic Mitigation Water Supply Project and Water Aid Bangladesh. Bangladesh and United Kingdom. Available at: www.wateraid.org/documents/phs2execsum.pdf Full Phase I Report available at: www.wateraid.org/documents/phs1report.pdf Full Phase II Report available at: www.wateraid.org/documents/phs2fullrpt.pdf Tahura, S., Shahidullah, S.M., Rahman, T., Milton, A. H. and Bhuitan, R.H. (no date.) Evaluation of An Arsenic Removal Household Device: Bucket Treatment Unit (BTU). NGO Forum for Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation and Department of Geography and Environment, Dhaka University. Bangladesh. Available at: www.bvsde.ops-oms.org/bvsacd/arsenico/technologies/tahura.pdf Further Information Summary poster of several arsenic mitigation technologies (MIT): http://web.mit.edu/watsan/Docs/Posters/Ghana%20HWTS%20meeting%20- %20arsenic%20tech%20poster%20May08%20FINAL2.ppt Bucket Treatment Unit (BTU): The Danish Association for Sustainable Development Arsenic Project (2004-2007) www.ubu.dk/old/Arsenic%20project/arsenicpage.htm www.ubu.dk/old/Arsenic%20project/household_treatment.htm#bucket%20treatment%20unit World Bank (2005). Towards a More Effective Operational Response – Arsenic Contamination of Groundwater in South and East Asian Countries. Vol. II. Technical Report. Washington, USA: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTSAREGTOPWATRES/Resources/ArsenicVolII_WholeReport.pdf 2-Kolshi Filter: Presentation by MIT/CAWST/ENPHO: http://verification-unit.org/documents/nepal_workshop/presentations/11- TNgai_FindingsonArsenicMitigationTechnologiesTestingandEvaluationinNepal.pdf The Danish Association for Sustainable Development Arsenic Project (2004-2007) www.ubu.dk/old/Arsenic%20project/arsenicpage.htm www.ubu.dk/old/Arsenic%20project/household_treatment.htm#bucket%20treatment%20unit CAWST (Centre for Affordable Water and Sanitation Technology) Calgary, Alberta, Canada Website: www.cawst.org, Email: cawst@cawst.org Last Update: June 2011
Household Water Treatment for Arsenic Removal Fact Sheet: Surface Complexation Sono (3-Kolshi) Filter Potential Treatment Capacity Very Effective For: Somewhat Effective For: Not Effective For: Arsenic Bacteria Turbidity Taste/odour/colour Chemicals What is a Sono Filter? The Sono Filter is a three bucket system developed in Bangladesh. It uses a composite iron matrix (CIM) from zero valent iron filings (cast iron turnings) to remove arsenic. The filter is manufactured from indigenous materials and it works without chemical treatment, without regeneration, and without producing toxic waste. It removes arsenic, 22 other heavy metals, and bacteria. composite iron matrix (CIM). Then it flows into a second bucket where it is filtered through another layer of coarse sand, wood charcoal to remove organics, fine sand and brick chips to remove fine particles and stabilize water flow. The unit should be replaced every 3-5 years. How Does It Remove Arsenic? The primary active material is the composite iron matrix (CIM), made of cast iron. Manganese in the CIM catalyzes oxidation of As(III) to As(V). Arsenic (V) is removed by a surface-complexation reaction (strong adsoption) between the hydrated iron (FeOH) molecules in the CIM and Arsenic (V). FeOH is also known to remove many other toxic species. Each of the three buckets contains different media: Top bucket: 3 kg cast iron filings from a local machine shop, 2 kg coarse sand Middle bucket: 2 kg sand, 1 kg of wood charcoal and 2 kg of brick chips Bottom bucket: water collection container Operation The inlet water is poured into the first bucket containing coarse river sand and the Key Information Treatment Efficiency 90-95% arsenic removal Sono Filter (Credit: www.robrasa.com) Output 20-30 litres per hour Cost $40-50 capital cost
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