Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage Factsheet: Source ...
Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage Factsheet: Source ...
Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage Factsheet: Source ...
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<strong>Household</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Treatment</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Safe</strong> <strong>Storage</strong><br />
Fact Sheet: Chlorine (Sodium Hypochlorite)<br />
Key Data<br />
Manufacturing Requirements<br />
Worldwide Producers:<br />
There are many producers of chlorine solutions all around the world.<br />
Local Production:<br />
Can be made locally using salt water solution <strong>and</strong> electrolysis equipment<br />
Materials (in manufacturing chlorine products):<br />
Generator with electrolysis equipment<br />
Plastic bottles <strong>and</strong> labelling equipment<br />
Salt<br />
<strong>Water</strong><br />
Fabrication Facilities:<br />
Workshop space required for chlorine production <strong>and</strong> bottling<br />
Good ventilation required in the workshop space<br />
Labour:<br />
Trained workers needed to produce <strong>and</strong> test the sodium hypochlorite<br />
Hazards (in manufacturing chlorine products):<br />
Chlorine fumes <strong>and</strong> contact with skin are hazardous<br />
Skin <strong>and</strong> eye protection should be used when h<strong>and</strong>ling chlorine solutions<br />
Work should be conducted in a well ventilated area or in the open air<br />
Maintenance<br />
<br />
<br />
Chlorine should be stored in a cool, dark place in a closed container<br />
Should be stored away from children<br />
Direct Cost<br />
Capital Cost Operating Cost Replacement Cost<br />
US$0<br />
US$0.45/1,000 litres 1<br />
US$3.29/year 2<br />
US$0<br />
Note: Program, transportation <strong>and</strong> education costs are not included. Costs will vary depending on location.<br />
1 Clasen (2007) based on <strong>Water</strong>Guard TM<br />
2<br />
Assumed 20 litres/household/day<br />
Other<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Some users complain about the taste <strong>and</strong> odour that chlorine may cause in water<br />
Chlorine reacts with organic matter naturally present in water to form by-products such as<br />
trihalomethanes (THMs), which are potentially cancer-causing<br />
Lantagne et al. (2008) indicate that THM levels produced during household chlorination may<br />
fall below World Health Organization (WHO) guideline values