Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage Factsheet: Source ...

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Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage Fact Sheet: Chemical Coagulants Key Data Inlet Water Quality No specific limits Treatment Efficiency Bacteria Viruses Protozoa Helminths Turbidity Laboratory >90 to >99% 1 >90 to >99% 1 >90 to >99% 1 >90 to >99% 1 Not available Field < 90% 2 3 95% Not available Not available Not available Not available 1 Sproul (1974), Leong (1982), Payment and Armon (1989) cited in Sobsey (2002) 2 Ongerth (1990) cited in Sobsey (2002) 3 Wrigley (2007) Maximum effectiveness requires careful control of coagulant dose, pH and consideration of the quality of the water being treated, as well as mixing Effectiveness of chemical coagulants varies from one to another Operating Criteria Flow Rate Batch Volume Daily Water Supply Not applicable Unlimited Unlimited Need to follow manufacturer’s instructions Robustness Difficult to optimize without training and equipment Requires coagulant supply chain and regular purchase Estimated Lifespan 6 months in liquid form and 1 year in solid form Manufacturing Requirements Worldwide Producers: Many producers around the world Local Production: Most chemical products are difficult and complex to manufacture and local production is not feasible Maintenance Chemicals should be stored in a dry location and away from children Direct Cost Capital Cost Operating Cost Replacement Cost US$0 US$9-91/year 1 US$0 Note: Program, transportation and education costs are not included. Costs will vary depending on location. 1 Sobsey (2002). Assumed 25 litres/household/day.
Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage Fact Sheet: Chemical Coagulants Key Data Other Jar testing can be undertaken to optimize effectiveness of particular coagulants with water sources References Sobsey M. (2002). Managing Water in the Home: Accelerated Health Gains From Improved Water Supply, Water, Sanitation and Health, Department of Protection of the Human Environment, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. Wrigley. T. (2007) Microbial Counts and Pesticide Concentrations in Drinking Water After Alum Flocculation of Channel Feed Water at the Household Level, in Vinh Long Province, Vietnam, Journal of Water and Health; 05:1. CAWST (Centre for Affordable Water and Sanitation Technology) Wellness through Water.... Empowering People Globally Calgary, Alberta, Canada Website: www.cawst.org Email: cawst@cawst.org Last Update: June 2011
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