Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage Factsheet: Source ...
Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage Factsheet: Source ...
Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage Factsheet: Source ...
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<strong>Household</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Treatment</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Safe</strong> <strong>Storage</strong><br />
Fact Sheet: Chemical Coagulants Key Data<br />
Inlet <strong>Water</strong> Quality<br />
No specific limits<br />
<strong>Treatment</strong> Efficiency<br />
Bacteria Viruses Protozoa Helminths Turbidity<br />
Laboratory >90 to >99% 1 >90 to >99% 1 >90 to >99% 1 >90 to >99% 1 Not available<br />
Field<br />
< 90% 2<br />
3<br />
95%<br />
Not available Not available Not available Not available<br />
1<br />
Sproul (1974), Leong (1982), Payment <strong>and</strong> Armon (1989) cited in Sobsey (2002)<br />
2<br />
Ongerth (1990) cited in Sobsey (2002)<br />
3<br />
Wrigley (2007)<br />
Maximum effectiveness requires careful control of coagulant dose, pH <strong>and</strong> consideration of the<br />
quality of the water being treated, as well as mixing<br />
Effectiveness of chemical coagulants varies from one to another<br />
Operating Criteria<br />
<br />
Flow Rate Batch Volume Daily <strong>Water</strong> Supply<br />
Not applicable Unlimited Unlimited<br />
Need to follow manufacturer’s instructions<br />
Robustness<br />
<br />
<br />
Difficult to optimize without training <strong>and</strong> equipment<br />
Requires coagulant supply chain <strong>and</strong> regular purchase<br />
Estimated Lifespan<br />
<br />
6 months in liquid form <strong>and</strong> 1 year in solid form<br />
Manufacturing Requirements<br />
Worldwide Producers:<br />
Many producers around the world<br />
Local Production:<br />
Most chemical products are difficult <strong>and</strong> complex to manufacture <strong>and</strong> local production is not<br />
feasible<br />
Maintenance<br />
Chemicals should be stored in a dry location <strong>and</strong> away from children<br />
Direct Cost<br />
Capital Cost Operating Cost Replacement Cost<br />
US$0 US$9-91/year 1 US$0<br />
Note: Program, transportation <strong>and</strong> education costs are not included. Costs will vary depending on location.<br />
1<br />
Sobsey (2002). Assumed 25 litres/household/day.