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Welding Inspection & Metallurgy API ICP Self Study Notes
API ICP Self Study Notes
API ICP Self Study Notes
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<strong>Study</strong> Harder
<strong>Study</strong> Harder
- Page 1: Welding Inspection & Metallurgy API
- Page 5 and 6: API 577 - Advanced Welding Inspecti
- Page 7: This recommended practice provides
- Page 10 and 11: Speaker: Fion Zhang 2014/5/4
- Page 12 and 13: 5 WELDING PROCESSES 5.1 General 5.2
- Page 14 and 15: 9 NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION 9.1 D
- Page 16 and 17: 11 REFINERY AND PETROCHEMICAL PLANT
- Page 18 and 19: Content: 1 SCOPE
- Page 20 and 21: This recommended practice provides
- Page 22 and 23: This recommended practice provides
- Page 24 and 25: This recommended practice provides
- Page 26 and 27: This recommended practice provides
- Page 28 and 29: API 577 is to aid the inspector in
- Page 30 and 31: API Std 653 Tank Inspection, Repair
- Page 32 and 33: How this API Standard relates with
- Page 34: Typical E&P services are vessels as
- Page 49: Keywords: The level of learning and
- Page 53 and 54: Problems encountered during welding
- Page 55: Welds selected for inspection, and
- Page 59 and 60: A welding engineer should be consul
- Page 63 and 64: 2 References
- Page 65 and 66: 2.1 CODES AND STANDARDS The followi
- Page 67 and 68: ASME • B31.3 Process Piping • B
- Page 69 and 70: 2.2 OTHER REFERENCES The following
- Page 71 and 72: AWS • JWE Jefferson’s Welding E
- Page 73: Content: 3 DEFINITIONS.
- Page 77 and 78: Fillet Weld Actual throat Theoretic
- Page 79 and 80: Arc strike
- Page 81 and 82: Arc blow
- Page 83 and 84: 3.12 burn-through: A non-standard t
- Page 85 and 86: 3.16 defect: A discontinuity or dis
- Page 87 and 88: 3.22 fillet weld size: For equal le
- Page 89 and 90: Electrodes
- Page 91 and 92: HAZoning
- Page 93 and 94: 3.26 heat input: the energy supplie
- Page 95 and 96: Hot cracking
- Page 97 and 98: Hot cracking http://en.wikipedia.or
- Page 99 and 100: 3.31 inspector: An individual who i
- Page 101 and 102:
Qualified & Certified Inspectors ht
- Page 103 and 104:
Qualified & Certified Inspectors
- Page 106 and 107:
Figure A-1—Joint Types and Applic
- Page 108 and 109:
Figure A-1—Joint Types and Applic
- Page 110 and 111:
lamellar tear
- Page 114 and 115:
Longitudinal crack
- Page 116 and 117:
PMI
- Page 118 and 119:
PMI
- Page 120 and 121:
PMI
- Page 122 and 123:
3.45 peening: The mechanical workin
- Page 124 and 125:
Porosity
- Page 126 and 127:
Slag Inclusions
- Page 128 and 129:
Slag inclusions http://www.ge-mcs.c
- Page 130 and 131:
Porosity
- Page 132 and 133:
3.61 tungsten inclusion: A disconti
- Page 134 and 135:
Transverse crack
- Page 136 and 137:
Transverse Crack
- Page 138 and 139:
TIG Welding - Tungsten Inclusions
- Page 140 and 141:
TIG Welding - Tungsten Inclusions
- Page 142 and 143:
weldment: An assembly whose compone
- Page 144 and 145:
weld reinforcement weld toe
- Page 146 and 147:
weld reinforcement weld toe
- Page 148 and 149:
4 Welding Inspection
- Page 150 and 151:
4.1 GENERAL Welding inspection is a
- Page 152 and 153:
4.2.1 Drawings, Codes, and Standard
- Page 157 and 158:
4.2.1 Drawings, Codes, and Standard
- Page 159 and 160:
4.2.2 Weldment Requirements Review
- Page 161 and 162:
Review requirements for the weldmen
- Page 163 and 164:
4.2.3 Procedures and Qualification
- Page 165:
ASME IX: ARTICLE II WELDING PROCEDU
- Page 170 and 171:
4.2.5 Welding Equipment and Instrum
- Page 172 and 173:
Welding Equipment and Instruments
- Page 174 and 175:
Heat Treatment and Pressure Testing
- Page 176 and 177:
Materials
- Page 178 and 179:
Materials
- Page 180 and 181:
4.2.8 Weld Preparation Confirm weld
- Page 182 and 183:
4.2.9 Preheat Confirm the preheat e
- Page 184:
4.3 TASKS DURING WELDING OPERATIONS
- Page 187 and 188:
4.3.2 Welding Parameters and Techni
- Page 189 and 190:
4.3.3 Weldment Examination Complete
- Page 191 and 192:
In-process ferrite measurement
- Page 193 and 194:
Schaeffer diagram
- Page 195 and 196:
4.4 TASKS UPON COMPLETION OF WELDIN
- Page 197 and 198:
f. PMI of the weld, if required, an
- Page 199 and 200:
Field hardness check
- Page 201 and 202:
4.4.2.2 Potential inspector actions
- Page 203 and 204:
h. Temperature monitoring system ca
- Page 205 and 206:
4.4.4 Pressure Testing Verify press
- Page 207 and 208:
4.4.5 Documentation Audit Perform a
- Page 209 and 210:
4.6 NDE EXAMINER CERTIFICATION The
- Page 211 and 212:
Sevan Driller II http://www.cosco-s
- Page 213 and 214:
Sevan Driller I
- Page 215 and 216:
Content: 5 WELDING PROCESSES 5.1 Ge
- Page 217 and 218:
Equipments & Piping http://www.heat
- Page 219 and 220:
Equipments & Piping
- Page 221 and 222:
Equipments & Piping
- Page 223 and 224:
5.1 GENERAL The inspector should un
- Page 225 and 226:
5.2.1 Electrode Covering Depending
- Page 227 and 228:
Shielded metal arc welding
- Page 229 and 230:
SMAW
- Page 231 and 232:
SMAW
- Page 233 and 234:
SMAW- Underwater Welding
- Page 235 and 236:
SMAW- Structural Welding
- Page 237 and 238:
SMAW- WPQ Welder Performance Qualif
- Page 239 and 240:
Equipment is relatively simple, ine
- Page 241 and 242:
SMAW- Weld Profile
- Page 243 and 244:
SMAW- Weld Profile
- Page 245 and 246:
SMAW- Weld Profile
- Page 247 and 248:
SMAW- Weld Profile
- Page 249 and 250:
SMAW- Tack Welding
- Page 251 and 252:
SMAW- Large Tack Weld for Thick Wel
- Page 253 and 254:
SMAW- Pipeline Welding
- Page 255 and 256:
SMAW- WPQ Test Coupon
- Page 257 and 258:
SMAW- AWS Test Positions
- Page 259 and 260:
5.3 GAS TUNGSTEN ARC WELDING (GTAW)
- Page 261 and 262:
Gas tungsten arc welding http://www
- Page 263 and 264:
The cleaning action occurs during t
- Page 265 and 266:
GTAW
- Page 267 and 268:
GTAW / TIG Welding
- Page 269 and 270:
TIG weld without addition of filler
- Page 271 and 272:
TIG - Gas Nozzles
- Page 273 and 274:
Tungsten Electrodes
- Page 275 and 276:
Tungsten Electrodes
- Page 277 and 278:
5.4 GAS METAL ARC WELDING (GMAW) GM
- Page 279 and 280:
Flux cored arc welding (FCAW) CV
- Page 281 and 282:
GMAW CV
- Page 283 and 284:
Gas metal arc welding GMAW / MIG (m
- Page 285 and 286:
Short Circuit mode http://www.ualbe
- Page 288 and 289:
Conceptual schematic of metal trans
- Page 290 and 291:
Globular transfer mode http://www.u
- Page 292 and 293:
Globular transfer mode http://www.u
- Page 294 and 295:
Globular transfer mode CV
- Page 296 and 297:
Spray transfer mode http://www.ualb
- Page 298 and 299:
Pulsed GMAW - Modified Spray Mode C
- Page 300 and 301:
Pulse Spray transfer mode http://ww
- Page 302 and 303:
GMAW-MIG CV
- Page 304 and 305:
GMAW-MIG CV
- Page 306 and 307:
GMAW-MIG CV
- Page 308 and 309:
GMAW- Automation
- Page 310 and 311:
GMAW- Branch Pipe Welding
- Page 312 and 313:
GMAW- Stainless Steel Piping
- Page 314 and 315:
Flux cored arc welding (FCAW)
- Page 316 and 317:
FCAW CV
- Page 318 and 319:
FCAW-Self shield CV
- Page 320 and 321:
FCAW
- Page 322 and 323:
FCAW
- Page 324 and 325:
FCAW CV
- Page 326 and 327:
5.5.1 Advantages of FCAW Some commo
- Page 328 and 329:
5.6.1 Advantages of SAW Some common
- Page 330 and 331:
Submerged arc welding (SAW)
- Page 332 and 333:
Submerged arc welding (SAW)
- Page 334 and 335:
Submerged arc welding (SAW)
- Page 336 and 337:
Submerged arc welding (SAW)
- Page 338 and 339:
SAW Twin electrodes in tandem with
- Page 340 and 341:
SAW- Portable single Electrode Unit
- Page 342 and 343:
Spiral welding SAW- API 5LS
- Page 344 and 345:
SAW- Pressure Vessel Conical Head W
- Page 346 and 347:
2G SAW - Tank Semi-Automatic Weldin
- Page 348 and 349:
SAW SAW- Internal Welding Leg Cane
- Page 350 and 351:
SAW- Welding on a Rotorary Wheel Se
- Page 352 and 353:
SAW- Pressure Vessel
- Page 354 and 355:
SAW- Structural Mud Mats
- Page 356 and 357:
5.7 STUD ARC WELDING (SW) SW is an
- Page 358 and 359:
Stud arc welding (SW)
- Page 360 and 361:
Stud arc welding (SW)
- Page 362 and 363:
Stud arc welding (SW)
- Page 364 and 365:
Further Reading: (Non Examination)
- Page 366 and 367:
1.0 General Pulse spray gas metal a
- Page 368 and 369:
Short-circuiting is a low-heat-inpu
- Page 370 and 371:
1.4 The Spray Transfer Mode Spray t
- Page 372 and 373:
1.5 Pulse-Spray Transfer Mode As wi
- Page 374 and 375:
Equipment for short-circuit welding
- Page 376 and 377:
2.0 General The gas metal arc weldi
- Page 378 and 379:
The most predominant solid stainles
- Page 380 and 381:
2.2 Globular Transfer Globular tran
- Page 382 and 383:
2.3 Spray Transfer Mode Spray trans
- Page 384 and 385:
Spray transfer is achieved with hig
- Page 386 and 387:
The major factor in choosing a carb
- Page 388 and 389:
Generally, the same shielding gases
- Page 393 and 394:
4.0 CV/CC Transfer Mode A CV power
- Page 395 and 396:
Current Transfer Modes: CC http://w
- Page 397 and 398:
End of reading!
- Page 399 and 400:
Content: 6 WELDING PROCEDURE 6.1 Ge
- Page 401 and 402:
WPS/PQR
- Page 403 and 404:
construction codes and proprietary
- Page 405 and 406:
Welding procedures required by ASME
- Page 407 and 408:
The completed WPS for a welding pro
- Page 409 and 410:
328.2.3 Performance Qualification b
- Page 411 and 412:
6.2.2 Other Requirements The WPS sh
- Page 413 and 414:
PQR 6.3 PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION REC
- Page 415 and 416:
The format of the PQR is not fixed,
- Page 417 and 418:
Tensile Specimen
- Page 419 and 420:
http://info.admet.com/blog/ bid/259
- Page 422 and 423:
Tensile testing: Stress Strain Diag
- Page 424 and 425:
Vickers Hardness Testing
- Page 426 and 427:
Weld Hardness Testing
- Page 428 and 429:
Charpy Impact Testing
- Page 430 and 431:
Guided Bend Test
- Page 432 and 433:
Guided Bend Test
- Page 434 and 435:
1. The initial step is to verify th
- Page 436 and 437:
WPS
- Page 438 and 439:
k. Diameter (for piping) the proced
- Page 440 and 441:
6.4.2 Items to be Included in the P
- Page 442 and 443:
The review should confirm that the
- Page 444 and 445:
WPS for Offshore Spar
- Page 446 and 447:
WPS for Offshore Spar
- Page 448 and 449:
WPS for Process Piping
- Page 450 and 451:
Content: 7 WELDING MATERIALS 7.1 Ge
- Page 452 and 453:
7.1 GENERAL Welding materials refer
- Page 454 and 455:
P-Numbers
- Page 456 and 457:
Welders who qualify with one filler
- Page 458 and 459:
7.4 AWS CLASSIFICATION OF FILLER ME
- Page 460 and 461:
F-Numbers
- Page 462 and 463:
A-Numbers
- Page 464 and 465:
7.7 CONSUMABLE STORAGE AND HANDLING
- Page 466 and 467:
8: Welder Qualification
- Page 468 and 469:
8.1 GENERAL Welder performance qual
- Page 470 and 471:
The record of the WPQ test includes
- Page 472 and 473:
8.3 REVIEWING A WPQ 8.3.1 Review Pr
- Page 474 and 475:
8.3.2 Verifying the Qualification R
- Page 476 and 477:
Content: 9 NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINAT
- Page 478 and 479:
9.1 DISCONTINUITIES Non-destructive
- Page 480:
Table 4 lists the various weld join
- Page 483 and 484:
NDT Capability: Exercises
- Page 485 and 486:
NDT Capability: Exercises
- Page 487 and 488:
Table 6- Discontinuities Commonly E
- Page 489 and 490:
PMI
- Page 491 and 492:
PMI
- Page 493:
Keywords: • eye within 6 in. - 24
- Page 498 and 499:
Vision Test
- Page 500 and 501:
Bluetooth Remote Inspection - Hand-
- Page 502 and 503:
Remote Controlled Visual Inspection
- Page 504 and 505:
9.3.2 Visual Inspection Tools To vi
- Page 506 and 507:
Light meter
- Page 508 and 509:
Borescope
- Page 510 and 511:
Square Sets
- Page 512 and 513:
Plum Bob
- Page 514 and 515:
Levelling Gauge
- Page 516 and 517:
Micrometer Screw Gauge
- Page 518 and 519:
Profile Gauge
- Page 520 and 521:
9.3.2.3 Weld Examination Devices Ty
- Page 522 and 523:
c. Fillet weld gauge—offers a qui
- Page 524 and 525:
Measures the angle of the vertical
- Page 526 and 527:
A quick go/no-go gauge used to meas
- Page 528 and 529:
A quick go/no-go gauge used to meas
- Page 530 and 531:
Hi-lo welding gauge
- Page 532 and 533:
Hi-lo welding gauge
- Page 534 and 535:
Temperature sensitive crayons
- Page 536 and 537:
9.4 MAGNETIC PARTICLE EXAMINATION (
- Page 538 and 539:
MPI
- Page 540 and 541:
MPI
- Page 542 and 543:
MPI
- Page 545 and 546:
For added sensitivity, wet fluoresc
- Page 547 and 548:
9.4.2 Magnetic Flux Direction Indic
- Page 549 and 550:
Pie Gauge
- Page 551 and 552:
Pie Gauge
- Page 553 and 554:
MT-Calibration Shims
- Page 555 and 556:
MT- Wet fluorescent magnetic partic
- Page 557 and 558:
MT- Wet fluorescent magnetic partic
- Page 559 and 560:
MT- Wet fluorescent magnetic partic
- Page 561 and 562:
Magnetic Particle Testing
- Page 563 and 564:
Magnetic Particle Testing
- Page 565 and 566:
Drilling Rig in Operations
- Page 567 and 568:
MT-Underwater
- Page 569 and 570:
TKY Joints Magnetic Particle Testin
- Page 571 and 572:
Magnetic Particle Testing
- Page 573 and 574:
Magnetic Particle Testing
- Page 575 and 576:
Magnetic Particle Testing
- Page 577 and 578:
Magnetic Particle Testing
- Page 579 and 580:
Demagnetization
- Page 581 and 582:
Gauss Meter
- Page 583 and 584:
9.5 ALTERNATING CURRENT FIELD MEASU
- Page 585 and 586:
The ACFM technique This technique i
- Page 587 and 588:
Two components of the magnetic fiel
- Page 589:
A physical measurement of defect le
- Page 592 and 593:
ACFM- Equipments
- Page 594 and 595:
ACFM: Operational Principles An ACF
- Page 596 and 597:
Figure 1 shows schematically how th
- Page 598 and 599:
In standard applications two field
- Page 600 and 601:
Figure 2 Crack depth max Crack tip
- Page 602 and 603:
The ACFM method works both above an
- Page 604 and 605:
ACFM-Thread Inspection
- Page 606 and 607:
ACFM- No Paint Removal
- Page 608 and 609:
ACFM- Experiences in the use of ACF
- Page 610 and 611:
The halogens or halogen elements (/
- Page 612 and 613:
The two general penetrant technique
- Page 614 and 615:
Compatibility with base metals, wel
- Page 616 and 617:
PT- Color Contrast Method
- Page 618 and 619:
PT- Color Contrast Method
- Page 620 and 621:
PT- Color Contrast Method
- Page 622 and 623:
PT- Color Contrast Method
- Page 624 and 625:
PT- Fluorescent Method
- Page 626 and 627:
9.7 EDDY CURRENT INSPECTION (ET) Ed
- Page 638 and 639:
9.8 RADIOGRAPHIC INSPECTION (RT) 9.
- Page 640 and 641:
RT profile radiography
- Page 642 and 643:
RT- X Ray
- Page 644 and 645:
RT- Sources
- Page 646 and 647:
RT- X Ray
- Page 648 and 649:
RT- Gamma Ray
- Page 650 and 651:
RT- Gamma Ray
- Page 652 and 653:
RT- Gamma Ray
- Page 654 and 655:
RT- Gamma Ray
- Page 656 and 657:
RT- Crawler
- Page 658 and 659:
RT Interpretation
- Page 660 and 661:
WPS/PQR RT- Techniques
- Page 663 and 664:
RT- Techniques
- Page 666 and 667:
RT- Interpretations
- Page 668 and 669:
Digital RT
- Page 670 and 671:
ASME Section V, Article 2, paragrap
- Page 672 and 673:
9.8.2 Image Quality Indicators (Pen
- Page 674 and 675:
IQI- Image Quality Indicators GB
- Page 676:
IQI- Image Quality Indicators
- Page 679 and 680:
IQI- Hole Types
- Page 683 and 684:
Hole type IQI
- Page 685 and 686:
. Hole-type IQIs (penetrameters) ar
- Page 687 and 688:
IQIs (penetrameters) are selected b
- Page 690 and 691:
The hole that is required to be vis
- Page 692 and 693:
9.8.3 Radiographic Film Radiographi
- Page 694 and 695:
9.8.4 Radioactive Source Selection
- Page 696 and 697:
Gamma Ray Radiography: Source
- Page 698 and 699:
Gamma Ray Radiography: Source
- Page 700 and 701:
Gamma Ray Radiography: Source
- Page 702 and 703:
FIGURE B-4 Decay scheme for the bet
- Page 704 and 705:
Ir192
- Page 706 and 707:
Co 60
- Page 708 and 709:
Co 60
- Page 710 and 711:
9.8.5 Film Processing Exposed film
- Page 712 and 713:
Film processing
- Page 714 and 715:
9.8.7 Radiographic Identification T
- Page 717 and 718:
Fig7: Four exposures of on-stream a
- Page 719 and 720:
Planar defects
- Page 721 and 722:
Planar Discontinuities
- Page 723 and 724:
RT Principles Planar defect normal
- Page 725 and 726:
Single wall single viewing
- Page 728 and 729:
For materials and for welds in comp
- Page 730 and 731:
Alternatively, the weld may be radi
- Page 732 and 733:
DWDI- Elliptical
- Page 734 and 735:
9.8.9 Evaluation of Radiographs The
- Page 736 and 737:
Low power magnification devices (1.
- Page 738:
9.8.9.3 Radiographic Density Film d
- Page 741 and 742:
Similar to the decibel, using the l
- Page 743 and 744:
A densitometer or step wedge compar
- Page 745 and 746:
Step wedge
- Page 747 and 748:
9.8.9.5 Interpretation Radiographic
- Page 749 and 750:
9.8.10 Radiographic Examination Rec
- Page 751 and 752:
Cathode Ray Tube- X ray Tube
- Page 753 and 754:
X-Ray
- Page 755 and 756:
Figure 33—Incomplete or Lack of P
- Page 757 and 758:
Figure 35—Cluster Porosity 1. Rou
- Page 759 and 760:
GMAW LOF
- Page 761 and 762:
Figure 37—Elongated Slag (Wagon T
- Page 763 and 764:
Wagon Tracks
- Page 765 and 766:
Burn Through
- Page 767 and 768:
Burn Through
- Page 769 and 770:
Figure 39—Offset or Mismatch with
- Page 771 and 772:
Weld Joint
- Page 773 and 774:
Figure 41—Internal (Root) Undercu
- Page 775 and 776:
Figure 43—Tungsten Inclusions 1.
- Page 777 and 778:
9.9 ULTRASONIC INSPECTION (UT)
- Page 779 and 780:
9.9 UT Testing 9.9.1 Ultrasonic Ins
- Page 781:
UT Shear and Longitudinal Waves
- Page 784 and 785:
Figure 45—A-scan
- Page 787 and 788:
Figure 46—B-scan
- Page 789 and 790:
B-Scan http://www.silverwingndt.com
- Page 791 and 792:
C-Scan http://www.ni.com/white-pape
- Page 793 and 794:
The C-scan display (see Figure 47)
- Page 795 and 796:
Shear wave or angle beam techniques
- Page 797 and 798:
9.9.1 Ultrasonic Inspection System
- Page 799 and 800:
Calibration Blocks http://www.strou
- Page 801 and 802:
Calibration Blocks
- Page 803 and 804:
Calibration Blocks
- Page 805 and 806:
Calibration Blocks
- Page 807 and 808:
Calibration Blocks
- Page 809 and 810:
Calibration Blocks
- Page 811 and 812:
Calibration Blocks
- Page 813 and 814:
UT Testing
- Page 815 and 816:
UT Testing- Mock-up Sample
- Page 817 and 818:
For high temperature work, special
- Page 819 and 820:
9.9.1.1 Echo Evaluation with DAC Th
- Page 821 and 822:
Unknown reflectors (flaws) are eval
- Page 823 and 824:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LvKK
- Page 826 and 827:
DAC- Distance Amplitude Correction
- Page 828:
WPS/PQR
- Page 833 and 834:
Unknown reflectors (flaws) are eval
- Page 835 and 836:
Figure 49—DAC Curve for an Unknow
- Page 837 and 838:
Indications
- Page 839 and 840:
9.9.2 Surface Preparation Prior to
- Page 842 and 843:
UT Transducers
- Page 844 and 845:
UT Transducers
- Page 846 and 847:
UT Transducers
- Page 848 and 849:
Angulations
- Page 851 and 852:
Lamination Checks http://www.china-
- Page 853 and 854:
Lamination Checks
- Page 855 and 856:
Lamination Checks
- Page 857 and 858:
Lamination Checks
- Page 859 and 860:
Lamination Checks
- Page 861 and 862:
UT Testing of Weld Skip = 2 x Thick
- Page 863 and 864:
Skip = 2 x Thickness x Tan(60)
- Page 865 and 866:
Evaluation of indications however,
- Page 867 and 868:
Butt weld defects Longitudinal Crac
- Page 869 and 870:
9.9.6 Automated Ultrasonic Testing
- Page 871 and 872:
Altogether 5 methods; 1. 6 db drop
- Page 873 and 874:
The intensity drop sizing technique
- Page 875 and 876:
The 6 dB drop technique
- Page 877 and 878:
6dB Drop Technique http://www.twi-g
- Page 879 and 880:
9.9.7.1 The ID Creeping Wave Method
- Page 881 and 882:
9.9.7.2 The Tip Diffraction Method
- Page 883 and 884:
9.9.7.4 The Bimodal Method The bimo
- Page 885 and 886:
AUT Vs RT http://www.olympus-ims.co
- Page 887 and 888:
AUT Vs RT
- Page 889 and 890:
TOFD http://www.mhps.com/en/technol
- Page 891 and 892:
Contact Transducer http://www.olymp
- Page 893 and 894:
9.10 HARDNESS TESTING
- Page 895 and 896:
Welding Guidelines for the Chemical
- Page 897 and 898:
Vickers Hardness
- Page 899 and 900:
Hardness Testing
- Page 901 and 902:
Hardness Testing
- Page 903 and 904:
Hardness Testing
- Page 905:
Weld Macro
- Page 908 and 909:
Hardness Testing
- Page 910 and 911:
Portable Hardness Testing
- Page 912 and 913:
Portable Hardness Testing
- Page 914 and 915:
Portable Hardness Testing
- Page 916 and 917:
Portable Hardness Testing
- Page 918 and 919:
Portable Hardness Testing
- Page 920 and 921:
Portable Hardness Testing
- Page 922 and 923:
Portable Hardness Testing
- Page 924 and 925:
Portable Hardness Testing
- Page 926 and 927:
Pressure Testing- Safety First
- Page 928 and 929:
Pressure Testing
- Page 930 and 931:
Pressure Testing
- Page 932 and 933:
Pressure Testing
- Page 934 and 935:
Pressure Testing
- Page 936 and 937:
Pressure Testing
- Page 938 and 939:
Pressure Testing
- Page 940 and 941:
Pressure Testing
- Page 942 and 943:
Pressure Testing
- Page 944 and 945:
Pressure Testing- Incidence
- Page 946 and 947:
Pressure Testing- Incidence
- Page 948 and 949:
Pressure Testing- Incidence http://
- Page 950 and 951:
Pressure Testing- Incidence
- Page 952 and 953:
Pressure Testing- Risk
- Page 954 and 955:
Pressure Testing- Risk
- Page 956 and 957:
Pressure Testing- Risk
- Page 958 and 959:
Pressure Testing- Risk
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Pressure Testing- Risk
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Pressure Testing- Risk
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Pneumatic pressure tests Pneumatic
- Page 966 and 967:
Direct pressure bubble test One of
- Page 968 and 969:
Bubble Leak Test- Vacuum Box
- Page 970 and 971:
Leak Testing- Ultrasonic Leak Detec
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9.12 WELD INSPECTION DATA RECORDING
- Page 974:
e. For each indication: I. Indicati
- Page 978 and 979:
Content: 10 METALLURGY 10.1 General
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10.2 THE STRUCTURE OF METALS AND AL
- Page 983 and 984:
http://www.sv.vt.edu/classes/MSE209
- Page 985 and 986:
Phase Diagram http://www.azom.com/a
- Page 987 and 988:
10.2.1 The Structure of Castings Th
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HAZ- Heat Affected Zone
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HAZ http://www.oocities.org/ferrit
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1mm / 1mm 0.2mm 0.2+1+1= 2.2 mm API
- Page 995 and 996:
Steel & Alloy- Grains
- Page 997 and 998:
Steel & Alloy- Microvoid Coalescenc
- Page 999 and 1000:
Minimizing trace elements or “inc
- Page 1001 and 1002:
Casting
- Page 1003 and 1004:
Discussion: Why Wrought products ar
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Wrought materials may consist of on
- Page 1007:
Hypoeutectic Steel - Annealed
- Page 1011 and 1012:
Steel & Alloy- Annealed Pearlite
- Page 1013 and 1014:
1055 Steel Annealed 1055, used in s
- Page 1015 and 1016:
4140 Steel http://en.wikipedia.org/
- Page 1017 and 1018:
4140 Steel Q&T
- Page 1019 and 1020:
The metallurgy of each weld area is
- Page 1021 and 1022:
Dendritic - usually solidify in the
- Page 1023 and 1024:
Dendrite- usually solidify in the s
- Page 1025 and 1026:
Weld Macro- CS
- Page 1027 and 1028:
The heat-affected zone (HAZ) is adj
- Page 1029 and 1030:
http://www.twi-global.com/technical
- Page 1031 and 1032:
Overlay Welding
- Page 1033 and 1034:
The third component in a welded joi
- Page 1035 and 1036:
An important factor in selecting sh
- Page 1037 and 1038:
10.3.1 Melting Temperature The melt
- Page 1039 and 1040:
Phase Diagram
- Page 1041 and 1042:
Phase Diagram http://www.calphad.co
- Page 1044 and 1045:
10.3.3 Electrical Conductivity The
- Page 1046 and 1047:
Aluminum Welds
- Page 1048:
Metals with a high coefficient of t
- Page 1051 and 1052:
Weld porosity
- Page 1053 and 1054:
A gas with a higher density is more
- Page 1055 and 1056:
Tensile testing - Tensile /Yield St
- Page 1057 and 1058:
Tensile testing - Tensile /Yield St
- Page 1059 and 1060:
Tensile testing - Tensile /Yield St
- Page 1061 and 1062:
Charpy Testing Samples
- Page 1063 and 1064:
Charpy impact testing
- Page 1065 and 1066:
Hardness testing- Hardness tester
- Page 1067 and 1068:
Hardness testing
- Page 1069 and 1070:
Hardness testing
- Page 1071 and 1072:
Ductility- Bend Tests
- Page 1073 and 1074:
10.4.1 Tensile and Yield Strength T
- Page 1075 and 1076:
For design purposes, the maximum us
- Page 1077 and 1078:
Note 1 A= proportional limit, B=ela
- Page 1079:
Tensile Testing
- Page 1082 and 1083:
Actual tensile testing plot Elastic
- Page 1084 and 1085:
Elongation is the increase in gage
- Page 1086 and 1087:
The design of items should be based
- Page 1088:
Bend Testing
- Page 1092 and 1093:
ASTM E290- Guided bend testing
- Page 1094 and 1095:
Bend Testing
- Page 1096 and 1097:
Bend Testing
- Page 1098 and 1099:
Knoop and Vickers Hardness Tester
- Page 1100 and 1101:
http://wes.ir/files/6936303material
- Page 1104:
Rockwell hardness testing differs f
- Page 1107 and 1108:
Vickers hardness testing follows th
- Page 1110 and 1111:
http://www.twi-global.com/technical
- Page 1112:
The type of notch and the impact te
- Page 1116 and 1117:
Online Metallurgy Course: http://ww
- Page 1118 and 1119:
Online Metallurgy Course http://210
- Page 1120 and 1121:
Online Metallurgy Course-Steel Maki
- Page 1122 and 1123:
Steels - The Structure of Engineeri
- Page 1124 and 1125:
Steels - The Structure of Engineeri
- Page 1126 and 1127:
Crystal Structures
- Page 1129 and 1130:
Phase Diagram
- Page 1131 and 1132:
Austenite
- Page 1133 and 1134:
This is a hypereutectoid alloy and
- Page 1136 and 1137:
Pearlite Pearlite is a phase mixtur
- Page 1138 and 1139:
This steel is of the eutectoid comp
- Page 1140 and 1141:
http://www.gowelding.com/met/carbon
- Page 1142 and 1143:
Martensite https://www.flickr.com/s
- Page 1144 and 1145:
Martensite https://www.flickr.com/s
- Page 1146 and 1147:
Bainite If the steel is cooled such
- Page 1148 and 1149:
FIGURE 2. The TTT diagram for aisi
- Page 1150 and 1151:
Bainite https://www.flickr.com/sear
- Page 1152 and 1153:
R e 0.2% Yield strength is the amou
- Page 1154 and 1155:
http://www.gowelding.com/weld/prehe
- Page 1156 and 1157:
End of reading! http://oregonstate.
- Page 1158 and 1159:
Preheating
- Page 1160 and 1161:
Preheating
- Page 1162 and 1163:
Preheating, for our purposes, is de
- Page 1164 and 1165:
If preheat is specified in the WPS
- Page 1166 and 1167:
10.6 POST-WELD HEAT TREATMENT Post-
- Page 1168 and 1169:
The primary reason for post-weld he
- Page 1170 and 1171:
PWHT (stress relief) can be applied
- Page 1172 and 1173:
Typical PWHT Chart
- Page 1174 and 1175:
PWHT- Typical PWHT Chart
- Page 1176 and 1177:
PWHT
- Page 1178 and 1179:
PWHT
- Page 1180 and 1181:
PWHT
- Page 1182 and 1183:
PWHT
- Page 1184 and 1185:
PWHT
- Page 1186 and 1187:
PWHT
- Page 1188 and 1189:
PWHT- Local
- Page 1190 and 1191:
PWHT- Local
- Page 1192 and 1193:
PWHT- Local
- Page 1194 and 1195:
PWHT- Local
- Page 1196 and 1197:
PWHT- Equipments
- Page 1198 and 1199:
PWHT- Equipments
- Page 1200 and 1201:
PWHT- Equipments
- Page 1202 and 1203:
PWHT- Equipments
- Page 1204 and 1205:
Fun-Photo: Induction Bending Pipe b
- Page 1206 and 1207:
10.7 HARDENING Hardening or hardena
- Page 1208 and 1209:
AISI 1040 / 4340 http://www.azom.co
- Page 1210:
AISI 4340 http://www.efunda.com/mat
- Page 1213 and 1214:
Welding- Thick plate welding
- Page 1215 and 1216:
Thick plate welding
- Page 1217 and 1218:
Weld Macro- Geometry
- Page 1219 and 1220:
Weld Macro- Geometry
- Page 1221 and 1222:
Weld Macro- Geometry
- Page 1223 and 1224:
Jominy Bar
- Page 1225 and 1226:
Jominy Bar
- Page 1227 and 1228:
Jominy Bar
- Page 1229 and 1230:
Hardening of the weld and base meta
- Page 1231 and 1232:
HIC- Hydrogen Induced Cracking
- Page 1233 and 1234:
HIC- Hydrogen Induced Cracking
- Page 1235 and 1236:
HIC- Hydrogen Induced Cracking
- Page 1237 and 1238:
TTT Curve
- Page 1239 and 1240:
Martensite
- Page 1241 and 1242:
A product analysis is a statement o
- Page 1243 and 1244:
Billets/Ingots
- Page 1245 and 1246:
Billets/Ingots
- Page 1247 and 1248:
Billets/Ingots
- Page 1249 and 1250:
Billets/Ingots
- Page 1251 and 1252:
Heat analysis- Billets/Ingots
- Page 1253 and 1254:
Billets/Ingots- Steel Mill Ladle An
- Page 1255 and 1256:
Product analysis- Pipe
- Page 1257 and 1258:
i. Any supplemental information or
- Page 1259 and 1260:
Grain size determination
- Page 1261 and 1262:
Fracture toughness
- Page 1263 and 1264:
Elevated mechanical property testin
- Page 1265 and 1266:
The inspector should review the mat
- Page 1267 and 1268:
http://www.slideshare.net/fullscree
- Page 1269 and 1270:
Quiz 1) See the figure below for po
- Page 1271 and 1272:
End of reading!
- Page 1273 and 1274:
10.9 WELDABILITY OF STEELS There ar
- Page 1275 and 1276:
10.9.1 Metallurgy and Weldability A
- Page 1277 and 1278:
There are some elements present in
- Page 1279 and 1280:
10.9.2 Weldability Testing One of t
- Page 1281 and 1282:
Fabrication weldability tests that
- Page 1283 and 1284:
Weld restraint induces stresses tha
- Page 1285 and 1286:
Table 12—Weld Crack Tests
- Page 1287 and 1288:
10.10.1 Austenitic Stainless Steels
- Page 1289 and 1290:
The most common measure of weldabil
- Page 1291:
Weldability of austenitic stainless
- Page 1294 and 1295:
Welding can reduce the corrosion re
- Page 1296 and 1297:
Austenitic Stainless Steel Weld Cor
- Page 1298 and 1299:
Stainless Weld
- Page 1300 and 1301:
Inert Backing Gas
- Page 1302 and 1303:
Inert Backing Gas
- Page 1304 and 1305:
Inert Backing Gas
- Page 1307 and 1308:
Inert Backing Gas
- Page 1309 and 1310:
Inert Backing Gas
- Page 1311 and 1312:
Inert Backing Gas
- Page 1313 and 1314:
Inert Backing Gas
- Page 1315 and 1316:
10.10.2 Nickel Alloys Nickel alloys
- Page 1317 and 1318:
Sluggish tendency- LOF
- Page 1319 and 1320:
Sluggish tendency- LOF
- Page 1321 and 1322:
Nickel alloys are also susceptible
- Page 1323 and 1324:
11 Refinery and Petrochemical Plant
- Page 1325 and 1326:
11.1 GENERAL This section provides
- Page 1327 and 1328:
Hot Tapping
- Page 1329 and 1330:
Hot Tapping
- Page 1331 and 1332:
Hot Tapping
- Page 1333 and 1334:
Hot Tapping
- Page 1335 and 1336:
Hot Tapping
- Page 1337 and 1338:
Burn Through
- Page 1339 and 1340:
Burn through: un-melted area beneat
- Page 1341 and 1342:
Electrode Considerations http://www
- Page 1343 and 1344:
11.2.2 Flow Rates Under most condit
- Page 1345 and 1346:
For making attachment welds to equi
- Page 1347 and 1348:
An appropriate flow rate should be
- Page 1349 and 1350:
Case Study: Is it 36” or greater
- Page 1351 and 1352:
Case Study: Is it 36” or greater
- Page 1353 and 1354:
Case Study: Is it 36” or greater
- Page 1355 and 1356:
Case Study: Is it 36” or greater
- Page 1357 and 1358:
Case Study: Is it 36” or greater
- Page 1359:
Adverse effects can also occur from
- Page 1362 and 1363:
11.3 LACK OF FUSION WITH GMAW-S WEL
- Page 1364 and 1365:
The gas metal arc welding (GMAW) pr
- Page 1366 and 1367:
Since the transfer mode may be diff
- Page 1368 and 1369:
Hazards
- Page 1370 and 1371:
Hazards
- Page 1372 and 1373:
Mechanical Integrity
- Page 1374 and 1375:
Competent Inspectors http://amirazl
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