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Welding Inspection & Metallurgy API ICP Self Study Notes
API ICP Self Study Notes
API ICP Self Study Notes
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The level of learning and training obtained from this document is not a<br />
replacement for the training and experience required to be an American<br />
<strong>Welding</strong> Society (AWS) Certified <strong>Welding</strong> Inspector (CWI).<br />
http://www.aws.org/w/a/certification/index.html
The level of learning and training obtained from this document is not a replacement for the training and experience required to be an American <strong>Welding</strong> Society (AWS) Certified <strong>Welding</strong> Inspector (CWI). http://www.aws.org/w/a/certification/index.html
Keywords: The level of learning and training obtained from this document is not a replacement for the training and experience required to be an American <strong>Welding</strong> Society (AWS) Certified <strong>Welding</strong> Inspector (CWI).
- Page 1: Welding Inspection & Metallurgy API
- Page 5 and 6: API 577 - Advanced Welding Inspecti
- Page 7: This recommended practice provides
- Page 10 and 11: Speaker: Fion Zhang 2014/5/4
- Page 12 and 13: 5 WELDING PROCESSES 5.1 General 5.2
- Page 14 and 15: 9 NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION 9.1 D
- Page 16 and 17: 11 REFINERY AND PETROCHEMICAL PLANT
- Page 18 and 19: Content: 1 SCOPE
- Page 20 and 21: This recommended practice provides
- Page 22 and 23: This recommended practice provides
- Page 24 and 25: This recommended practice provides
- Page 26 and 27: This recommended practice provides
- Page 28 and 29: API 577 is to aid the inspector in
- Page 30 and 31: API Std 653 Tank Inspection, Repair
- Page 32 and 33: How this API Standard relates with
- Page 34: Typical E&P services are vessels as
- Page 52 and 53: This recommended practice does not
- Page 54 and 55: This recommended practice does not
- Page 58 and 59: The importance, difficulty, and pro
- Page 60: A welding engineer should be consul
- Page 64 and 65: Content: 2 REFERENCES 2.1 Codes and
- Page 66 and 67: API • API 510 Pressure Vessel Ins
- Page 68 and 69: AWS • A2.4 Standard Symbols for W
- Page 70 and 71: API • RP 572 Inspection of Pressu
- Page 72 and 73: 3 Definitions
- Page 76 and 77: The following definitions apply for
- Page 78 and 79: 3.2 air carbon arc cutting (CAC-A):
- Page 80 and 81: Arc blow
- Page 82 and 83: 3.6 arc welding (AW): A group of we
- Page 84 and 85: Crack
- Page 86 and 87:
3.20 distortion: The change in shap
- Page 88 and 89:
HAZ
- Page 90 and 91:
HAZ
- Page 92 and 93:
HAZ http://www.twi-global.com/techn
- Page 94 and 95:
Hot Cracking
- Page 96 and 97:
Hot cracking These cracks are known
- Page 98 and 99:
Both solidification cracking and ho
- Page 100 and 101:
Inspector: An individual who is qua
- Page 102 and 103:
Qualified & Certified Inspectors
- Page 104:
Qualified & Certified Inspectors
- Page 107 and 108:
Figure A-1—Joint Types and Applic
- Page 109 and 110:
3.36 lack of fusion (LOF): A non-st
- Page 111:
Lamellar tear
- Page 115 and 116:
3.41 nondestructive examination (ND
- Page 117 and 118:
PMI
- Page 119 and 120:
PMI
- Page 121 and 122:
PMI
- Page 123 and 124:
This is API 577 special way of defi
- Page 125 and 126:
3.51 root face: The portion of the
- Page 127 and 128:
Slag Inclusion
- Page 129 and 130:
Slag Inclusions
- Page 131 and 132:
3.58 throat theoretical: The distan
- Page 133 and 134:
3.22 fillet weld size: For equal le
- Page 135 and 136:
Transverse Cracks
- Page 137 and 138:
Tungsten Inclusions - TIG Welding
- Page 139 and 140:
TIG Welding - Tungsten Inclusions
- Page 141 and 142:
3.64 welder certification: Written
- Page 143 and 144:
3.69 weld reinforcement: Weld metal
- Page 145 and 146:
weld toe weld reinforcement
- Page 147 and 148:
weld toe weld reinforcement
- Page 149 and 150:
Content: 4 WELDING INSPECTION 4.1 G
- Page 151 and 152:
4.2 TASKS PRIOR TO WELDING The impo
- Page 153:
4.2.1 Drawings, Codes, and Standard
- Page 158 and 159:
i. Preheat requirements and accepta
- Page 160 and 161:
Review requirements for the weldmen
- Page 162 and 163:
4.2.2.1 Quality control items to as
- Page 164 and 165:
4.2.3.1 Quality control items to as
- Page 167:
4.2.4 NDE Information Confirm the N
- Page 171 and 172:
Welding Equipment and Instruments
- Page 173 and 174:
4.2.6 Heat Treatment and Pressure T
- Page 175 and 176:
4.2.7 Materials Ensure all filler m
- Page 177 and 178:
Materials
- Page 179 and 180:
4.2.7.1 Quality control items to as
- Page 181 and 182:
Weld Preparation- Fit-up & Dimensio
- Page 183 and 184:
4.2.10 Welding Consumables Confirm
- Page 186 and 187:
4.3.1 Quality Assurance Establish a
- Page 188 and 189:
. Mock-up weldment, if required, me
- Page 190 and 191:
In-process ferrite measurement
- Page 192 and 193:
In-process ferrite measurement Why
- Page 194 and 195:
Schaeffer diagram
- Page 196 and 197:
4.4.1 Appearance and Finish Verify
- Page 198 and 199:
Field hardness check
- Page 200 and 201:
4.4.2 NDE Review Verify NDE is perf
- Page 202 and 203:
4.4.3 Post-weld Heat Treatment Veri
- Page 204 and 205:
PWHT Procedure
- Page 206 and 207:
Metal temperature of component meet
- Page 208 and 209:
4.5 NON-CONFORMANCES AND DEFECTS At
- Page 210 and 211:
4.7 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS Inspectors s
- Page 212 and 213:
Sevan Driller I
- Page 214 and 215:
5 Welding Processes
- Page 216 and 217:
Equipments & Piping
- Page 218 and 219:
Equipments & Piping
- Page 220 and 221:
Equipments & Piping
- Page 222 and 223:
Equipments & Piping
- Page 224 and 225:
5.2 SHIELDED METAL ARC WELDING (SMA
- Page 226 and 227:
5.2.2 Advantages of SMAW Some commo
- Page 228 and 229:
Shielded metal arc welding
- Page 230 and 231:
SMAW
- Page 232 and 233:
SMAW- Underwater Welding
- Page 234 and 235:
SMAW- Qualification of Underwater W
- Page 236 and 237:
SMAW- Structural Welding
- Page 238 and 239:
SMAW- Transmission Pipeline Welding
- Page 240 and 241:
SMAW- Weld Profile
- Page 242 and 243:
SMAW- Weld Profile
- Page 244 and 245:
SMAW- Weld Profile
- Page 246 and 247:
SMAW- Weld Profile
- Page 248 and 249:
SMAW- Grinding at Start-Stop
- Page 250 and 251:
SMAW- Root Pass + Hot Pass
- Page 252 and 253:
SMAW- Pipeline Tie-in Joint
- Page 254 and 255:
SMAW- WPQ Test Coupon
- Page 256 and 257:
SMAW- WPQ Test Coupon
- Page 258 and 259:
SMAW- Smiling Experts at Work
- Page 260 and 261:
Gas tungsten arc welding
- Page 262 and 263:
Gas tungsten arc welding
- Page 264 and 265:
GTAW
- Page 266 and 267:
5.3.1 Advantages of GTAW Some commo
- Page 268 and 269:
GTAW / TIG Weld a. Produces high pu
- Page 270 and 271:
GTAW / TIG Weld
- Page 272 and 273:
Tungsten Electrodes
- Page 274 and 275:
Tungsten Electrodes
- Page 276 and 277:
Tungsten- Automation
- Page 278 and 279:
Gas metal arc welding GMAW / MIG (m
- Page 280 and 281:
GMAW http://www.docslide.com/gmaw-f
- Page 282 and 283:
GMAW CV
- Page 284 and 285:
5.4.1 Short Circuiting Transfer (GM
- Page 286:
Short Circuit mode http://www.ualbe
- Page 289 and 290:
5.4.2 Globular Transfer This proces
- Page 291 and 292:
Globular transfer mode http://www.u
- Page 293 and 294:
Globular transfer mode http://www.w
- Page 295 and 296:
5.4.3 Spray Transfer The spray tran
- Page 297 and 298:
5.4.4 Advantages of GMAW Some commo
- Page 299 and 300:
Pulsed GMAW - Modified Spray Mode h
- Page 301 and 302:
GMAW-MIG CV
- Page 303 and 304:
GMAW-MIG CV
- Page 305 and 306:
GMAW-MIG CV
- Page 307 and 308:
GMAW- Automation
- Page 309 and 310:
GMAW- Automation
- Page 311 and 312:
GMAW- Stainless Steel Piping
- Page 313 and 314:
5.5 FLUX CORED ARC WELDING (FCAW) F
- Page 315 and 316:
FCAW CV
- Page 317 and 318:
FCAW-Self shield CV
- Page 319 and 320:
FCAW
- Page 321 and 322:
FCAW
- Page 323 and 324:
3G FCAW WPQT
- Page 325 and 326:
FCAW http://www.brewerweldingandfab
- Page 327 and 328:
5.6 SUBMERGED ARC WELDING (SAW) Sub
- Page 329 and 330:
SAW CV
- Page 331 and 332:
Submerged arc welding (SAW)
- Page 333 and 334:
Submerged arc welding (SAW)
- Page 335 and 336:
Submerged arc welding (SAW)
- Page 337 and 338:
Submerged arc welding (SAW)
- Page 339 and 340:
SAW- Triple Electrodes Set-up (tilt
- Page 341 and 342:
SAW - Experts at Work
- Page 343 and 344:
Spiral Welded SAW Pipes
- Page 345 and 346:
SAW- Vessel Internal Welding
- Page 347 and 348:
SAW- Spiral Welded Pipes
- Page 349 and 350:
SAW- Serious Experts at Work
- Page 351 and 352:
SAW- Vessel Ellipsoidal Disk Head
- Page 353 and 354:
SAW- Pipe Can Welding
- Page 355 and 356:
SAW- Structural Welding
- Page 357 and 358:
5.7.1 Advantages of SW Some commonl
- Page 359 and 360:
Stud arc welding (SW)
- Page 361 and 362:
Stud arc welding (SW)
- Page 363 and 364:
Welding Transfer Modes: SMAW - CC T
- Page 365 and 366:
1.0 Considering the benefits of pul
- Page 367 and 368:
1.3 The short-circuit process In th
- Page 369 and 370:
The short-circuit process is not a
- Page 371 and 372:
By using 0.035- and 0.045-in.-dia.
- Page 373 and 374:
1.6 Summary Equipment for short-cir
- Page 375 and 376:
2.0 Understanding transfer modes fo
- Page 377 and 378:
2.1 Short-circuit Transfer In short
- Page 379 and 380:
Maintaining a constant contact tip-
- Page 381 and 382:
Stainless steel GMAW electrodes nor
- Page 383 and 384:
Spray Transfer Mode Shield Gas & Tr
- Page 385 and 386:
This transfer mode is used mostly i
- Page 387 and 388:
2.4 Pulse-Spray Transfer Mode In th
- Page 389:
3.0 Pulsed GMAW Pulsed GMAW is tech
- Page 394 and 395:
CV/CC Current Transfer Modes: Volta
- Page 396 and 397:
5. Other Interesting Reading: 5.1 C
- Page 398 and 399:
6: Welding Procedure
- Page 400 and 401:
WPS/PQR
- Page 402 and 403:
6.1 GENERAL Qualified welding proce
- Page 404 and 405:
construction codes and proprietary
- Page 406 and 407:
WPS 6.2 WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICA
- Page 408 and 409:
ASME B31.3, Chapter V Fabrication,
- Page 410 and 411:
6.2.1 Types of Essential Variables
- Page 412 and 413:
These requirements should be reflec
- Page 414 and 415:
Section IX requires that the manufa
- Page 416 and 417:
Mechanical Testing
- Page 418 and 419:
Mechanical testing- Tensile Testing
- Page 420:
Tensile testing: Stress Strain Diag
- Page 423 and 424:
Calculation of Tensile Properties o
- Page 425 and 426:
Weld Hardness Test
- Page 427 and 428:
Charpy Impact Testing
- Page 429 and 430:
Guided Bend Test
- Page 431 and 432:
Guided Bend Test
- Page 433 and 434:
6.4 REVIEWING A WPS AND PQR Inspect
- Page 435 and 436:
For simplicity purposes, the follow
- Page 437 and 438:
6.4.1 Items to be Included in the W
- Page 439 and 440:
y. Tungsten electrode size and type
- Page 441 and 442:
q. Electrical Characteristics. r. T
- Page 443 and 444:
WPS for Offshore Spar
- Page 445 and 446:
WPS for Offshore Spar
- Page 447 and 448:
WPS for Process Piping
- Page 449 and 450:
7: Welding Materials
- Page 451 and 452:
SAW
- Page 453 and 454:
7.2 P-NUMBER ASSIGNMENT TO BASE MET
- Page 455 and 456:
7.3 F-NUMBER ASSIGNMENT TO FILLER M
- Page 457 and 458:
Keywords: 1. Consideration should b
- Page 459 and 460:
F-Numbers
- Page 461 and 462:
7.5 A-NUMBER (filler metal) To mini
- Page 463 and 464:
7.6 FILLER METAL SELECTION Inspecto
- Page 465 and 466:
To reduce exposure to moisture, wel
- Page 467 and 468:
Content: 8 WELDER QUALIFICATION 8.1
- Page 469 and 470:
8.2 WELDER PERFORMANCE QUALIFICATIO
- Page 471 and 472:
Welder performance qualification ex
- Page 473 and 474:
j. Backing gas used. k. Metal trans
- Page 475 and 476:
9: Non-destructive Examination
- Page 477 and 478:
ASME V Article Numbers: Gen Article
- Page 479 and 480:
Discontinuities
- Page 482 and 483:
NDT Capability: Table 4
- Page 484 and 485:
NDT Capability: Table 5
- Page 486 and 487:
Table 6- Discontinuities Commonly E
- Page 488 and 489:
9.2 MATERIALS IDENTIFICATION During
- Page 490 and 491:
PMI
- Page 492 and 493:
9.3 VISUAL EXAMINATION (VT) 9.3.1 G
- Page 495:
ASME Section V, Article 9, (Paragra
- Page 499 and 500:
Vision Test
- Page 501 and 502:
Robotic Visual Inspection Crawler
- Page 503 and 504:
Remote Control Visual Inspection Cr
- Page 505 and 506:
3. Magnifiers- helpful in bringing
- Page 507 and 508:
Mirrors
- Page 509 and 510:
9.3.2.2 Mechanical Aids a. Steel ru
- Page 511 and 512:
Angle Ruler
- Page 513 and 514:
Feeler Gauge
- Page 515 and 516:
Vernier scale- a precision instrume
- Page 517 and 518:
Gap Gauge and Thickness Gauge
- Page 519 and 520:
Depth Gauge
- Page 521 and 522:
Bridge Cam Gage
- Page 523 and 524:
Adjustable fillet weld gauge
- Page 525 and 526:
Measures the angle of the vertical
- Page 527 and 528:
Weld fillet gauge being used to det
- Page 529 and 530:
d. Weld size gauge (see Figure 19)
- Page 531 and 532:
Hi-lo welding gauge
- Page 533 and 534:
Digital pyrometer
- Page 535 and 536:
What The Expert Say: http://youtu.b
- Page 537 and 538:
MPI
- Page 539 and 540:
The pattern formed by the particles
- Page 541 and 542:
MPI
- Page 543:
MPI
- Page 546 and 547:
Some of the requirements listed in
- Page 548 and 549:
Pie gauge
- Page 550 and 551:
Pie Gauge
- Page 552 and 553:
MT Calibration Shims
- Page 554 and 555:
MT-Calibration Shims
- Page 556 and 557:
MT- Wet fluorescent magnetic partic
- Page 558 and 559:
MT- Wet fluorescent magnetic partic
- Page 560 and 561:
MT- Wet fluorescent magnetic partic
- Page 562 and 563:
MT Magnetic Particle Testing
- Page 564 and 565:
Jack-up drilling rig
- Page 566 and 567:
Drilling Rig in Operations
- Page 568 and 569:
MT-Underwater
- Page 570 and 571:
Magnetic Particle Testing
- Page 572 and 573:
Magnetic Particle Testing
- Page 574 and 575:
Magnetic Particle Testing
- Page 576 and 577:
Magnetic Particle Testing
- Page 578 and 579:
9.4.3 Demagnetization When the resi
- Page 580 and 581:
Demagnetization
- Page 582 and 583:
Gauss Meter
- Page 584 and 585:
9.5 ALTERNATING CURRENT FIELD MEASU
- Page 586 and 587:
ACFM uses a probe similar to an edd
- Page 588 and 589:
Two components of the magnetic fiel
- Page 591 and 592:
ACFM- Paint Removal is Not Necessar
- Page 593 and 594:
Further Reading on ACFM
- Page 595 and 596:
The ACFM Technique The ACFM method
- Page 597 and 598:
Figure 1 B z B Z
- Page 599 and 600:
Specialist Windows software is used
- Page 601 and 602:
Once a defect is identified the dep
- Page 603 and 604:
ACFM: This benefit is used to good
- Page 605 and 606:
ACFM http://www.tscinspectionsyste
- Page 607 and 608:
http://www.ndt.net/article/v08n09/w
- Page 609 and 610:
9.6 LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION (P
- Page 611 and 612:
A limitation of PT is that standard
- Page 613 and 614:
Figure 28—Florescent Penetrant Te
- Page 615 and 616:
Some requirements listed in this ar
- Page 617 and 618:
PT- Color Contrast Method
- Page 619 and 620:
PT- Color Contrast Method
- Page 621 and 622:
PT- Color Contrast Method
- Page 623 and 624:
PT- Color Contrast Method
- Page 625 and 626:
PT- Fluorescent Method
- Page 627:
Eddy current uses a magnetic field
- Page 639 and 640:
RT principles
- Page 641 and 642:
RT profile radiography
- Page 643 and 644:
RT- X Ray
- Page 645 and 646:
RT-Source http://tv.sohu.com/upload
- Page 647 and 648:
RT- Gamma Ray
- Page 649 and 650:
RT- Gamma Ray
- Page 651 and 652:
X-Ray Machine
- Page 653 and 654:
RT- Gamma Ray
- Page 655 and 656:
X-Ray Crawler
- Page 657 and 658:
Golden Joint
- Page 659 and 660:
RT- Techniques
- Page 661:
RT- Techniques
- Page 664:
RT- Interpretations
- Page 667 and 668:
Digital RT
- Page 669 and 670:
An NDT examiner interprets and eval
- Page 671 and 672:
Break Time mms://a588.l3944020587.c
- Page 673 and 674:
IQI- Image Quality Indicators
- Page 675 and 676:
IQI- Image Quality Indicators ASTM
- Page 678 and 679:
IQI- Image Quality Indicators
- Page 680:
IQI Placement
- Page 684 and 685:
IQIs (penetrameters) are tools used
- Page 686 and 687:
Hole type IQI
- Page 688:
IQI- Image Quality Indicators
- Page 691 and 692:
Hole type IQI
- Page 693 and 694:
RT Film coverage & overlaps Locatio
- Page 695 and 696:
Keywords: (exam questions) Ir 192 C
- Page 697 and 698:
Gamma Ray Radiography: Source
- Page 699 and 700:
Gamma Ray Radiography: Source
- Page 701 and 702:
Ir191- Ir 192 is typically supplied
- Page 703 and 704:
Ir192
- Page 705 and 706:
The gamma spectrum is shown in Fig.
- Page 707 and 708:
Co 60
- Page 709 and 710:
Search dosimeter-radiometer MKS-11
- Page 711 and 712:
Film processing
- Page 713 and 714:
9.8.6 Surface Preparation Where a s
- Page 715:
RT Films
- Page 718 and 719:
9.8.8 Radiographic Techniques The m
- Page 720 and 721:
Planar defects
- Page 722 and 723:
Planar & Volumetric defects
- Page 724 and 725:
9.8.8.1 Single-wall Technique A sin
- Page 726:
9.8.8.3 Double-wall Technique When
- Page 729 and 730:
For double-wall viewing of welds, t
- Page 731 and 732:
DWDI-DWV Double wall, double images
- Page 733 and 734:
DWDI- Superimposed
- Page 735 and 736:
9.8.9.1 Facilities for Viewing Radi
- Page 737 and 738:
9.8.9.2 Quality of Radiographs Radi
- Page 740 and 741:
Radiographic Density Radiographic d
- Page 742 and 743:
Radiographic Density I o I t https:
- Page 744 and 745:
Densitometer
- Page 746 and 747:
9.8.9.4 Excessive Backscatter A lea
- Page 748 and 749:
Because radiographic interpreters h
- Page 750 and 751:
i. Film manufacturer and type/desig
- Page 752 and 753:
X-Ray
- Page 754 and 755:
X-ray
- Page 756 and 757:
Figure 34—Interpass Slag Inclusio
- Page 758 and 759:
Figure 36—Lack of Side Wall Fusio
- Page 760 and 761:
LOF- Lack of Side wall Fusion
- Page 762 and 763:
Wagon Track
- Page 764 and 765:
Figure 38—Burn-through 1. A sever
- Page 766 and 767:
Burn Through
- Page 768 and 769:
Burn Through
- Page 770 and 771:
Figure 40—Excessive Penetration (
- Page 772 and 773:
Weld Joint
- Page 774 and 775:
Figure 42—Transverse Crack 1. A f
- Page 776 and 777:
Figure 44—Root Pass Aligned Poros
- Page 778 and 779:
Gen Article 1 RT Article 2 Nil Arti
- Page 780 and 781:
9.9 ULTRASONIC INSPECTION (UT) UT i
- Page 783 and 784:
Straight beam techniques are used f
- Page 785:
Straight beam UT
- Page 788 and 789:
B-Scan
- Page 790 and 791:
Figure 47—C-scan
- Page 792 and 793:
The A-scan, as shown in Figure 45,
- Page 794 and 795:
UT Testing- A-Scan
- Page 796 and 797:
Article 4 requires a written proced
- Page 798 and 799:
The reference standard (calibration
- Page 800 and 801:
Calibration Blocks
- Page 802 and 803:
Calibration Blocks
- Page 804 and 805:
Calibration Blocks
- Page 806 and 807:
Calibration Blocks
- Page 808 and 809:
Calibration Blocks
- Page 810 and 811:
Calibration Blocks
- Page 812 and 813:
Calibration Blocks
- Page 814 and 815:
Calibration Blocks
- Page 816 and 817:
Calibration system checks should be
- Page 818 and 819:
System checks are typically perform
- Page 820 and 821:
9.9.1.1 Echo Evaluation with DAC Th
- Page 822 and 823:
Figure 48—DAC Curve for a Specifi
- Page 824:
DAC Plots
- Page 827 and 828:
DAC / TCG
- Page 831:
DAC Curve with a specific reflector
- Page 834 and 835:
Unknown reflectors (flaws) are eval
- Page 836 and 837:
UT testing
- Page 838 and 839:
Reading Ultrasonic testing and imag
- Page 840:
Numbers to remember • Each pass o
- Page 843 and 844:
UT Transducers
- Page 845 and 846:
UT Transducers
- Page 847 and 848:
• 10% scanning overlapped Min of
- Page 849:
9.9.4 Straight Beam Examination A s
- Page 852 and 853:
Plate lamination checks
- Page 854 and 855:
Lamination Checks
- Page 856 and 857:
Lamination Checks
- Page 858 and 859:
Lamination Checks
- Page 860 and 861:
Lamination Checks
- Page 862 and 863:
Angle Beam UT http://www.ndt-ed.org
- Page 864 and 865:
9.9.5 Angle Beam Examination Typica
- Page 866 and 867:
UT Scanning Patterns
- Page 868 and 869:
Fillet weld defects
- Page 870 and 871:
9.9.7 Discontinuity Evaluation and
- Page 872 and 873:
The 6 dB drop technique is commonly
- Page 874 and 875:
Other through-thickness sizing tech
- Page 876 and 877:
The 6 dB drop technique Material Pr
- Page 878 and 879:
Other through-thickness sizing tech
- Page 880 and 881:
The ID Creeping wave method
- Page 882 and 883:
9.9.7.3 The High Angle Longitudinal
- Page 884 and 885:
AUT Vs RT http://www.olympus-ims.co
- Page 886 and 887:
AUT Vs RT
- Page 888 and 889:
TOFD
- Page 890 and 891:
The Tip Diffraction Method http://w
- Page 892 and 893:
Angle Beam Transducer http://www.ol
- Page 894 and 895:
9.10 HARDNESS TESTING Hardness test
- Page 896 and 897:
API 582- Vickers Hardness Test Prof
- Page 898 and 899:
Hardness Testing
- Page 900 and 901:
Hardness Testing
- Page 902 and 903:
Hardness Testing
- Page 904 and 905:
Weld Macro
- Page 907 and 908:
Hardness Testing
- Page 909 and 910:
Hardness Testing
- Page 911 and 912:
Portable Hardness Testing
- Page 913 and 914:
Portable Hardness Testing
- Page 915 and 916:
Portable Hardness Testing
- Page 917 and 918:
Portable Hardness Testing
- Page 919 and 920:
Portable Hardness Testing
- Page 921 and 922:
Portable Hardness Testing
- Page 923 and 924:
Portable Hardness Testing
- Page 925 and 926:
9.11 PRESSURE AND LEAK TESTING (LT)
- Page 927 and 928:
Pressure Testing
- Page 929 and 930:
Pressure Testing
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Pressure Testing
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Pressure Testing
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Pressure Testing
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Pressure Testing
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Pressure Testing
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Pressure Testing
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Pressure Testing- Incidence
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Pressure Testing- Incidence
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Pressure Testing- Incidence
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Pressure Testing- Incidence
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Pressure Testing- Incidence
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Pressure Testing- Risk
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Pressure Testing- Incidence
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Pressure Testing- Incidence
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Pressure Testing- Risk
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Pressure Testing- Risk
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Pressure Testing- Risk
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Leak testing Leak testing may be re
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A wide variety of fluids and method
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Bubble Leak Test- Vacuum Box
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Leak Testing- Sensitive Leak Test
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9.12.1.2 Inspection Information a.
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10 Metallurgy
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10 Metallurgy 10.1 GENERAL Metallur
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Knowledge of cast structures is imp
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Fe-4Mo Phase Diagram
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Phase Diagram http://www.slideshare
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Weld Grains
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HAZ Weld region Fusion Boundary Coa
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http://encyclopedia2.thefreediction
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The properties of the cast structur
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Steel & Alloy- Grains
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http://www.power-eng.com/articles/p
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Gases, such as hydrogen, which beco
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10.2.2 The Structure of Wrought Mat
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Cast VS. Wrought 1. Cast ingot has
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Alloys may also consist of more tha
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Steel & Alloy- Annealed Pearlite
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Hypoeutectic Steel
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1055 Steel Q&T 1055, used in swords
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4140 Steel Annealed Ferrite Pearlit
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10.2.3 Welding Metallurgy Welding m
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SAW Welding
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Dendritic- usually solidify in the
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INCONEL alloy 690 is a high-chromiu
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Overlay Welding
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Each weld pass applied will have it
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Overlay Welding
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Weld Macro- Fillet Welds
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An important aspect of welding meta
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10.3 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES The physic
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Alloyed metals start to melt at a t
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Solidus/Liquidus
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10.3.2 Thermal Conductivity The the
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The thermal conductivity of a mater
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10.3.4 Coefficient of Thermal Expan
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10.3.5 Density The density of a mat
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Casting Defects
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10.4 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES The mech
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Tensile testing - Tensile /Yield St
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Tensile testing - Tensile /Yield St
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Charpy impact testing
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Charpy impact testing
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Hardness testing- Sample polishing
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Hardness testing
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Hardness testing
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Ductility
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Ductility- Bend Tests
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When the specimen is subjected to s
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Tensile Testing
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Tensile Testing Yield point Sample
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http://practicalmaintenance.net/?p=
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10.4.2 Ductility In tensile testing
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The tensile specimen is punch marke
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One of the most common tests used i
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Bend Test Jig
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ASTM E290- Guided bend testing
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Bend Testing
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10.4.3 Hardness The hardness of a m
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Knoop and Vickers Hardness Tester .
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One Brinell test consists of applyi
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The Rockwell test is simple and rap
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The Vickers hardness value is prece
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10.4.4 Toughness The toughness is t
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Further Reading
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Online Metallurgy Course http://hyp
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Online Metallurgy Information http:
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Online Metallurgy Course http://fre
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Further Reading: http://practicalma
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Introduction The component elements
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Phase Diagram
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Austenite Austenite (γ), is a soli
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Shows the grain structure of an aus
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This secondary electron SEM image s
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Low carbon steel with a microstruct
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Figure 1. Part of the equilibrium d
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Martensite Martensite is commonly f
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Martensite https://www.flickr.com/s
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The strain energy involved in the m
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Figure 1. Part of the equilibrium d
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Bainite https://www.flickr.com/phot
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Proof Stress Re0.2% Since it is dif
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STEEL Steel is an alloy of iron, wi
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Aluminum Cables
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10.5 PREHEATING
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Preheating
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Preheating
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• Bring temperature up to preheat
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Preheat can be applied using severa
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The temperature of PWHT is selected
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Discussion: However there may also
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Typical PWHT Chart Insertion temper
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PWHT Chart
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PWHT
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PWHT
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PWHT
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PWHT
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PWHT
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PWHT
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PWHT- Local
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PWHT- Local
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PWHT- Local
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PWHT- Local
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PWHT- Equipments
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PWHT- Equipments
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PWHT- Equipments
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PWHT- Equipments
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Fun-Photo: Induction Bending Pipe b
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Fun-Photo: Induction Bending Pipe b
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Other factors can also affect harde
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http://www.azom.com/article.aspx?Ar
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Welding variables, such as heat inp
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Welding- Plate thickness & Weld Geo
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Weld Macro- Geometry
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Weld Macro- Geometry
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Weld Macro- Geometry
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The simplest means to determine har
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Jominy Bar
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Jominy Bar
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It may be important for the welding
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Typical Hardness Values Table 11—
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HIC
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HIC- Hydrogen Induced Cracking
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TTT Curve
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Martensite
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10.8 MATERIAL TEST REPORTS Material
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Billets/Ingots
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Billets/Ingots
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Billets/Ingots
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Billets/Ingots
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Billets/Ingots
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Billets/Ingots
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Product analysis- Pipe
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For the purposes of this publicatio
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Ductile to brittle transition tempe
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Fracture toughness
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Charpy impact testing
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Elevated mechanical property testin
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Further Reading
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Quiz 1) See the figure below for po
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c) 50% coarse pearlite + 25% bainit
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10.9 WELDABILITY OF STEELS
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Weldability is related to many fact
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The addition of carbon generally ma
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Typically, ■ ■ ■ Steels with
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The simplest weldability tests are
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Weldability Test- Cruciform testing
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Another approach to measuring susce
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10.10 WELDABILITY OF HIGH-ALLOYS Th
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Hot Shortness: • solidification c
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Ferrite Meter
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Coefficients of Linear Thermal Expa
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Sensitized Austenitic SS Common to
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Weld Decay http://www.corrosionclin
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Inert Backing Gas
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Inert Backing Gas
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Inert Backing Gas
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Inert Backing Gas http://www.foodpr
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Inert Backing Gas
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Inert Backing Gas http://www.juncti
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Inert Backing Gas
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Inert Backing Gas
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One of the main differences between
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Sluggish tendency- LOF
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Wider Bevel Angle & Thinner Root Fa
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Nickel Welding: The faster a nickel
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Content: 11 REFINERY AND PETROCHEMI
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11.2 HOT TAPPING AND IN-SERVICE WEL
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Hot Tapping
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Hot Tapping
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Hot Tapping
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Hot Tapping
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Hot Tapping
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Burn Through
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11.2.1 Electrode Considerations Hot
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Cellulosic type electrodes (e.g., E
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If the normal flow of liquids excee
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Points to consider: Is it 36” or
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Case Study: 1. Is it 36” or great
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Case Study: Is it 36” or greater
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Case Study: Is it 36” or greater
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Case Study: Is it 36” or greater
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Case Study: Is it 36” or greater
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11.2.3 Other Considerations To avoi
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11.2.4 Inspection Inspection tasks
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GMAW-S LOF
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Due to this inherent nature of the
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The quick freeze characteristic, wh
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Hazards
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Mechanical Integrity
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Happy Inspectors
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ICP Status http://myicp.api.org/Dir
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