- Page 1 and 2: Welding Inspection & Metallurgy API
- Page 3 and 4: Content: 10 METALLURGY 10.1 General
- Page 5 and 6: 10.2 THE STRUCTURE OF METALS AND AL
- Page 8 and 9: http://www.sv.vt.edu/classes/MSE209
- Page 10 and 11: Phase Diagram http://www.azom.com/a
- Page 12 and 13: 10.2.1 The Structure of Castings Th
- Page 14 and 15: HAZ- Heat Affected Zone
- Page 16 and 17: HAZ http://www.oocities.org/ferrit
- Page 18 and 19: 1mm / 1mm 0.2mm 0.2+1+1= 2.2 mm API
- Page 20 and 21: Steel & Alloy- Grains
- Page 22 and 23: Steel & Alloy- Microvoid Coalescenc
- Page 24 and 25: Minimizing trace elements or “inc
- Page 26 and 27: Casting
- Page 28 and 29: Discussion: Why Wrought products ar
- Page 30 and 31: Wrought materials may consist of on
- Page 32: Hypoeutectic Steel - Annealed
- Page 36 and 37: Steel & Alloy- Annealed Pearlite
- Page 38 and 39: 1055 Steel Annealed 1055, used in s
- Page 40 and 41: 4140 Steel http://en.wikipedia.org/
- Page 42 and 43: 4140 Steel Q&T
- Page 46 and 47: Dendritic - usually solidify in the
- Page 48 and 49: Dendrite- usually solidify in the s
- Page 50 and 51: Weld Macro- CS
- Page 52 and 53: The heat-affected zone (HAZ) is adj
- Page 54 and 55: http://www.twi-global.com/technical
- Page 56 and 57: Overlay Welding
- Page 58 and 59: The third component in a welded joi
- Page 60 and 61: An important factor in selecting sh
- Page 62 and 63: 10.3.1 Melting Temperature The melt
- Page 64 and 65: Phase Diagram
- Page 66 and 67: Phase Diagram http://www.calphad.co
- Page 69 and 70: 10.3.3 Electrical Conductivity The
- Page 71 and 72: Aluminum Welds
- Page 73: Metals with a high coefficient of t
- Page 76 and 77: Weld porosity
- Page 78 and 79: A gas with a higher density is more
- Page 80 and 81: Tensile testing - Tensile /Yield St
- Page 82 and 83: Tensile testing - Tensile /Yield St
- Page 84 and 85: Tensile testing - Tensile /Yield St
- Page 86 and 87: Charpy Testing Samples
- Page 88 and 89: Charpy impact testing
- Page 90 and 91: Hardness testing- Hardness tester
- Page 92 and 93: Hardness testing
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Hardness testing
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Ductility- Bend Tests
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10.4.1 Tensile and Yield Strength T
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For design purposes, the maximum us
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Note 1 A= proportional limit, B=ela
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Tensile Testing
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Actual tensile testing plot Elastic
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Elongation is the increase in gage
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The design of items should be based
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Bend Testing
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ASTM E290- Guided bend testing
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Bend Testing
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Bend Testing
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Knoop and Vickers Hardness Tester
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http://wes.ir/files/6936303material
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Rockwell hardness testing differs f
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Vickers hardness testing follows th
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http://www.twi-global.com/technical
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The type of notch and the impact te
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Online Metallurgy Course: http://ww
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Online Metallurgy Course http://210
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Online Metallurgy Course-Steel Maki
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Steels - The Structure of Engineeri
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Steels - The Structure of Engineeri
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Crystal Structures
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Phase Diagram
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Austenite
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This is a hypereutectoid alloy and
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Pearlite Pearlite is a phase mixtur
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This steel is of the eutectoid comp
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http://www.gowelding.com/met/carbon
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Martensite https://www.flickr.com/s
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Martensite https://www.flickr.com/s
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Bainite If the steel is cooled such
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FIGURE 2. The TTT diagram for aisi
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Bainite https://www.flickr.com/sear
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R e 0.2% Yield strength is the amou
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http://www.gowelding.com/weld/prehe
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End of reading! http://oregonstate.
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Preheating
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Preheating
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Preheating, for our purposes, is de
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If preheat is specified in the WPS
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10.6 POST-WELD HEAT TREATMENT Post-
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The primary reason for post-weld he
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PWHT (stress relief) can be applied
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Typical PWHT Chart
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PWHT- Typical PWHT Chart
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PWHT
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PWHT
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PWHT
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PWHT
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PWHT
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PWHT
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PWHT- Local
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PWHT- Local
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PWHT- Local
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PWHT- Local
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PWHT- Equipments
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PWHT- Equipments
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PWHT- Equipments
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PWHT- Equipments
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Fun-Photo: Induction Bending Pipe b
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10.7 HARDENING Hardening or hardena
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AISI 1040 / 4340 http://www.azom.co
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AISI 4340 http://www.efunda.com/mat
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Welding- Thick plate welding
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Thick plate welding
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Weld Macro- Geometry
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Weld Macro- Geometry
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Weld Macro- Geometry
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Jominy Bar
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Jominy Bar
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Jominy Bar
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Hardening of the weld and base meta
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HIC- Hydrogen Induced Cracking
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HIC- Hydrogen Induced Cracking
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HIC- Hydrogen Induced Cracking
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TTT Curve
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Martensite
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A product analysis is a statement o
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Billets/Ingots
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Billets/Ingots
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Billets/Ingots
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Billets/Ingots
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Heat analysis- Billets/Ingots
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Billets/Ingots- Steel Mill Ladle An
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Product analysis- Pipe
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i. Any supplemental information or
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Grain size determination
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Fracture toughness
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Elevated mechanical property testin
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The inspector should review the mat
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http://www.slideshare.net/fullscree
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Quiz 1) See the figure below for po
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End of reading!
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10.9 WELDABILITY OF STEELS There ar
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10.9.1 Metallurgy and Weldability A
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There are some elements present in
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10.9.2 Weldability Testing One of t
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Fabrication weldability tests that
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Weld restraint induces stresses tha
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Table 12—Weld Crack Tests
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10.10.1 Austenitic Stainless Steels
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The most common measure of weldabil
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Weldability of austenitic stainless
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Welding can reduce the corrosion re
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Austenitic Stainless Steel Weld Cor
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Stainless Weld
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Inert Backing Gas
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Inert Backing Gas
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Inert Backing Gas
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Inert Backing Gas
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Inert Backing Gas
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Inert Backing Gas
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Inert Backing Gas
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10.10.2 Nickel Alloys Nickel alloys
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Sluggish tendency- LOF
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Sluggish tendency- LOF
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Nickel alloys are also susceptible
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11 Refinery and Petrochemical Plant
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11.1 GENERAL This section provides
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Hot Tapping
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Hot Tapping
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Hot Tapping
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Hot Tapping
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Hot Tapping
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Burn Through
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Burn through: un-melted area beneat
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Electrode Considerations http://www
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11.2.2 Flow Rates Under most condit
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For making attachment welds to equi
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An appropriate flow rate should be
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Case Study: Is it 36” or greater
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Case Study: Is it 36” or greater
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Case Study: Is it 36” or greater
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Case Study: Is it 36” or greater
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Case Study: Is it 36” or greater
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Adverse effects can also occur from
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11.3 LACK OF FUSION WITH GMAW-S WEL
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The gas metal arc welding (GMAW) pr
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Since the transfer mode may be diff
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Hazards
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Hazards
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Mechanical Integrity
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Competent Inspectors http://amirazl