Welding Inspection & Metallurgy API ICP Self Study Notes

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GMAW-S LOF
The gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process can utilize various metal transfer modes. When using the low voltage, short circuiting mode (designated by the -S extension), the molten weld puddle is able to freeze more quickly. This allows the unique ability: 1. to weld out of position, 2. to weld thin base metals, and 3. to weld open butt root passes.
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Welding Inspection & Metallurgy API
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Content: 10 METALLURGY 10.1 General
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10.2 THE STRUCTURE OF METALS AND AL
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http://www.sv.vt.edu/classes/MSE209
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Phase Diagram http://www.azom.com/a
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10.2.1 The Structure of Castings Th
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HAZ- Heat Affected Zone
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HAZ http://www.oocities.org/ferrit
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1mm / 1mm 0.2mm 0.2+1+1= 2.2 mm API
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Steel & Alloy- Grains
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Steel & Alloy- Microvoid Coalescenc
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Minimizing trace elements or “inc
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Casting
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Discussion: Why Wrought products ar
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Wrought materials may consist of on
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Hypoeutectic Steel - Annealed
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Steel & Alloy- Annealed Pearlite
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1055 Steel Annealed 1055, used in s
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4140 Steel http://en.wikipedia.org/
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4140 Steel Q&T
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The metallurgy of each weld area is
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Dendritic - usually solidify in the
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Dendrite- usually solidify in the s
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Weld Macro- CS
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The heat-affected zone (HAZ) is adj
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http://www.twi-global.com/technical
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Overlay Welding
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The third component in a welded joi
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An important factor in selecting sh
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10.3.1 Melting Temperature The melt
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Phase Diagram
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Phase Diagram http://www.calphad.co
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10.3.3 Electrical Conductivity The
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Aluminum Welds
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Metals with a high coefficient of t
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Weld porosity
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A gas with a higher density is more
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Tensile testing - Tensile /Yield St
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Charpy Testing Samples
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Charpy impact testing
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Hardness testing- Hardness tester
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Hardness testing
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Hardness testing
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Ductility- Bend Tests
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10.4.1 Tensile and Yield Strength T
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For design purposes, the maximum us
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Note 1 A= proportional limit, B=ela
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Tensile Testing
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Actual tensile testing plot Elastic
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Elongation is the increase in gage
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The design of items should be based
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Bend Testing
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ASTM E290- Guided bend testing
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Bend Testing
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Bend Testing
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Knoop and Vickers Hardness Tester
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http://wes.ir/files/6936303material
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Rockwell hardness testing differs f
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Vickers hardness testing follows th
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http://www.twi-global.com/technical
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The type of notch and the impact te
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Online Metallurgy Course: http://ww
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Online Metallurgy Course http://210
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Online Metallurgy Course-Steel Maki
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Steels - The Structure of Engineeri
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Steels - The Structure of Engineeri
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Crystal Structures
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Phase Diagram
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Austenite
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This is a hypereutectoid alloy and
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Pearlite Pearlite is a phase mixtur
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This steel is of the eutectoid comp
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http://www.gowelding.com/met/carbon
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Martensite https://www.flickr.com/s
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Martensite https://www.flickr.com/s
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Bainite If the steel is cooled such
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FIGURE 2. The TTT diagram for aisi
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Bainite https://www.flickr.com/sear
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R e 0.2% Yield strength is the amou
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http://www.gowelding.com/weld/prehe
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End of reading! http://oregonstate.
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Preheating
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Preheating
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Preheating, for our purposes, is de
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If preheat is specified in the WPS
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10.6 POST-WELD HEAT TREATMENT Post-
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The primary reason for post-weld he
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PWHT (stress relief) can be applied
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Typical PWHT Chart
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PWHT- Typical PWHT Chart
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PWHT
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PWHT
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PWHT
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PWHT
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PWHT
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PWHT
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PWHT- Local
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PWHT- Local
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PWHT- Local
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PWHT- Local
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PWHT- Equipments
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PWHT- Equipments
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PWHT- Equipments
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PWHT- Equipments
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Fun-Photo: Induction Bending Pipe b
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10.7 HARDENING Hardening or hardena
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AISI 1040 / 4340 http://www.azom.co
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AISI 4340 http://www.efunda.com/mat
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Welding- Thick plate welding
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Thick plate welding
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Weld Macro- Geometry
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Jominy Bar
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Jominy Bar
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Jominy Bar
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Hardening of the weld and base meta
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HIC- Hydrogen Induced Cracking
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TTT Curve
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Martensite
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A product analysis is a statement o
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Billets/Ingots
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Billets/Ingots
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Billets/Ingots
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Billets/Ingots
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Heat analysis- Billets/Ingots
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Billets/Ingots- Steel Mill Ladle An
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Product analysis- Pipe
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i. Any supplemental information or
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Grain size determination
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Fracture toughness
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Elevated mechanical property testin
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The inspector should review the mat
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http://www.slideshare.net/fullscree
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Quiz 1) See the figure below for po
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End of reading!
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10.9 WELDABILITY OF STEELS There ar
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10.9.1 Metallurgy and Weldability A
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There are some elements present in
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10.9.2 Weldability Testing One of t
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Fabrication weldability tests that
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Weld restraint induces stresses tha
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Table 12—Weld Crack Tests
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10.10.1 Austenitic Stainless Steels
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The most common measure of weldabil
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Weldability of austenitic stainless
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Welding can reduce the corrosion re
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Austenitic Stainless Steel Weld Cor
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Stainless Weld
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Inert Backing Gas
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Inert Backing Gas
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Inert Backing Gas
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Inert Backing Gas
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Inert Backing Gas
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Inert Backing Gas
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Page 340 and 341: 10.10.2 Nickel Alloys Nickel alloys
Page 342 and 343: Sluggish tendency- LOF
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Page 346 and 347: Nickel alloys are also susceptible
Page 348 and 349: 11 Refinery and Petrochemical Plant
Page 350 and 351: 11.1 GENERAL This section provides
Page 352 and 353: Hot Tapping
Page 362 and 363: Burn Through
Page 364 and 365: Burn through: un-melted area beneat
Page 366 and 367: Electrode Considerations http://www
Page 368 and 369: 11.2.2 Flow Rates Under most condit
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Page 374 and 375: Case Study: Is it 36” or greater
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Page 387: 11.3 LACK OF FUSION WITH GMAW-S WEL
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Page 397 and 398: Mechanical Integrity
Page 399 and 400: Competent Inspectors http://amirazl
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Welding Inspection & Metallurgy API ICP Self Study Notes

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