- Page 1 and 2: Welding Inspection & Metallurgy API
- Page 3 and 4: Content: 10 METALLURGY 10.1 General
- Page 5 and 6: 10.2 THE STRUCTURE OF METALS AND AL
- Page 8 and 9: http://www.sv.vt.edu/classes/MSE209
- Page 10 and 11: Phase Diagram http://www.azom.com/a
- Page 12 and 13: 10.2.1 The Structure of Castings Th
- Page 14 and 15: HAZ- Heat Affected Zone
- Page 16 and 17: HAZ http://www.oocities.org/ferrit
- Page 18 and 19: 1mm / 1mm 0.2mm 0.2+1+1= 2.2 mm API
- Page 20 and 21: Steel & Alloy- Grains
- Page 22 and 23: Steel & Alloy- Microvoid Coalescenc
- Page 24 and 25: Minimizing trace elements or “inc
- Page 26 and 27: Casting
- Page 28 and 29: Discussion: Why Wrought products ar
- Page 30 and 31: Wrought materials may consist of on
- Page 32: Hypoeutectic Steel - Annealed
- Page 37 and 38: Hypoeutectic Steel
- Page 39 and 40: 1055 Steel Q&T 1055, used in swords
- Page 41 and 42: 4140 Steel Annealed Ferrite Pearlit
- Page 43 and 44: 10.2.3 Welding Metallurgy Welding m
- Page 45 and 46: SAW Welding
- Page 47 and 48: Dendritic- usually solidify in the
- Page 49 and 50: INCONEL alloy 690 is a high-chromiu
- Page 51 and 52: Overlay Welding
- Page 53 and 54: Each weld pass applied will have it
- Page 55 and 56: Overlay Welding
- Page 57 and 58: Weld Macro- Fillet Welds
- Page 59 and 60: An important aspect of welding meta
- Page 61 and 62: 10.3 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES The physic
- Page 63 and 64: Alloyed metals start to melt at a t
- Page 65 and 66: Solidus/Liquidus
- Page 67: 10.3.2 Thermal Conductivity The the
- Page 70 and 71: The thermal conductivity of a mater
- Page 72 and 73: 10.3.4 Coefficient of Thermal Expan
- Page 75 and 76: 10.3.5 Density The density of a mat
- Page 77 and 78: Casting Defects
- Page 79 and 80: 10.4 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES The mech
- Page 81 and 82: Tensile testing - Tensile /Yield St
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Tensile testing - Tensile /Yield St
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Charpy impact testing
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Charpy impact testing
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Hardness testing- Sample polishing
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Hardness testing
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Hardness testing
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Ductility
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Ductility- Bend Tests
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When the specimen is subjected to s
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Tensile Testing
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Tensile Testing Yield point Sample
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http://practicalmaintenance.net/?p=
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10.4.2 Ductility In tensile testing
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The tensile specimen is punch marke
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One of the most common tests used i
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Bend Test Jig
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ASTM E290- Guided bend testing
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Bend Testing
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10.4.3 Hardness The hardness of a m
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Knoop and Vickers Hardness Tester .
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One Brinell test consists of applyi
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The Rockwell test is simple and rap
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The Vickers hardness value is prece
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10.4.4 Toughness The toughness is t
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Further Reading
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Online Metallurgy Course http://hyp
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Online Metallurgy Information http:
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Online Metallurgy Course http://fre
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Further Reading: http://practicalma
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Introduction The component elements
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Phase Diagram
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Austenite Austenite (γ), is a soli
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Shows the grain structure of an aus
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This secondary electron SEM image s
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Low carbon steel with a microstruct
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Figure 1. Part of the equilibrium d
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Martensite Martensite is commonly f
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Martensite https://www.flickr.com/s
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The strain energy involved in the m
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Figure 1. Part of the equilibrium d
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Bainite https://www.flickr.com/phot
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Proof Stress Re0.2% Since it is dif
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STEEL Steel is an alloy of iron, wi
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Aluminum Cables
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10.5 PREHEATING
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Preheating
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Preheating
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• Bring temperature up to preheat
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Preheat can be applied using severa
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The temperature of PWHT is selected
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Discussion: However there may also
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Typical PWHT Chart Insertion temper
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PWHT Chart
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PWHT
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PWHT
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PWHT
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PWHT
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PWHT
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PWHT
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PWHT- Local
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PWHT- Local
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PWHT- Local
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PWHT- Local
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PWHT- Equipments
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PWHT- Equipments
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PWHT- Equipments
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PWHT- Equipments
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Fun-Photo: Induction Bending Pipe b
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Fun-Photo: Induction Bending Pipe b
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Other factors can also affect harde
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http://www.azom.com/article.aspx?Ar
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Welding variables, such as heat inp
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Welding- Plate thickness & Weld Geo
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Weld Macro- Geometry
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Weld Macro- Geometry
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Weld Macro- Geometry
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The simplest means to determine har
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Jominy Bar
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Jominy Bar
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It may be important for the welding
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Typical Hardness Values Table 11—
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HIC
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HIC- Hydrogen Induced Cracking
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TTT Curve
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Martensite
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10.8 MATERIAL TEST REPORTS Material
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Billets/Ingots
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Billets/Ingots
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Billets/Ingots
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Billets/Ingots
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Billets/Ingots
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Billets/Ingots
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Product analysis- Pipe
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For the purposes of this publicatio
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Ductile to brittle transition tempe
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Fracture toughness
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Charpy impact testing
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Elevated mechanical property testin
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Further Reading
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Quiz 1) See the figure below for po
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c) 50% coarse pearlite + 25% bainit
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10.9 WELDABILITY OF STEELS
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Weldability is related to many fact
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The addition of carbon generally ma
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Typically, ■ ■ ■ Steels with
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The simplest weldability tests are
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Weldability Test- Cruciform testing
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Another approach to measuring susce
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10.10 WELDABILITY OF HIGH-ALLOYS Th
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Hot Shortness: • solidification c
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Ferrite Meter
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Coefficients of Linear Thermal Expa
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Sensitized Austenitic SS Common to
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Weld Decay http://www.corrosionclin
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Inert Backing Gas
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Inert Backing Gas
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Inert Backing Gas
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Inert Backing Gas http://www.foodpr
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Inert Backing Gas
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Inert Backing Gas http://www.juncti
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Inert Backing Gas
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Inert Backing Gas
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One of the main differences between
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Sluggish tendency- LOF
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Wider Bevel Angle & Thinner Root Fa
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Nickel Welding: The faster a nickel
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Content: 11 REFINERY AND PETROCHEMI
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11.2 HOT TAPPING AND IN-SERVICE WEL
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Hot Tapping
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Hot Tapping
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Hot Tapping
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Hot Tapping
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Hot Tapping
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Burn Through
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11.2.1 Electrode Considerations Hot
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Cellulosic type electrodes (e.g., E
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If the normal flow of liquids excee
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Points to consider: Is it 36” or
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Case Study: 1. Is it 36” or great
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Case Study: Is it 36” or greater
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Case Study: Is it 36” or greater
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Case Study: Is it 36” or greater
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Case Study: Is it 36” or greater
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11.2.3 Other Considerations To avoi
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11.2.4 Inspection Inspection tasks
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GMAW-S LOF
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Due to this inherent nature of the
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The quick freeze characteristic, wh
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Hazards
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Mechanical Integrity
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Happy Inspectors
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ICP Status http://myicp.api.org/Dir