Welding Inspection & Metallurgy API ICP Self Study Notes

10.2.2 The Structure of Wrought Materials
The vast majority of metallic materials used for the fabrication of refinery and
chemical plant equipment are used in the wrought form rather than cast.
Mechanical working of the cast ingot produces wrought materials by
processes such as;
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rolling,
forging, or
extrusion,
which are normally performed at an elevated temperature. These processes
result in a microstructure that has a uniform composition, and a smaller, more
uniform grain shape.