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Welding Inspection & Metallurgy API
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Content: 10 METALLURGY 10.1 General
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10.2 THE STRUCTURE OF METALS AND AL
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http://www.sv.vt.edu/classes/MSE209
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Phase Diagram http://www.azom.com/a
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10.2.1 The Structure of Castings Th
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HAZ- Heat Affected Zone
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HAZ http://www.oocities.org/ferrit
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1mm / 1mm 0.2mm 0.2+1+1= 2.2 mm API
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Steel & Alloy- Grains
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Steel & Alloy- Microvoid Coalescenc
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Minimizing trace elements or “inc
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Casting
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Discussion: Why Wrought products ar
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Wrought materials may consist of on
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Hypoeutectic Steel - Annealed
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Steel & Alloy- Annealed Pearlite
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1055 Steel Annealed 1055, used in s
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4140 Steel http://en.wikipedia.org/
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4140 Steel Q&T
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The metallurgy of each weld area is
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Dendritic - usually solidify in the
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Dendrite- usually solidify in the s
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Weld Macro- CS
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The heat-affected zone (HAZ) is adj
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http://www.twi-global.com/technical
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Overlay Welding
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The third component in a welded joi
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An important factor in selecting sh
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10.3.1 Melting Temperature The melt
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Phase Diagram
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Phase Diagram http://www.calphad.co
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10.3.3 Electrical Conductivity The
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Aluminum Welds
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Metals with a high coefficient of t
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Weld porosity
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A gas with a higher density is more
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Tensile testing - Tensile /Yield St
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Tensile testing - Tensile /Yield St
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Tensile testing - Tensile /Yield St
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Charpy Testing Samples
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Charpy impact testing
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Hardness testing- Hardness tester
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Hardness testing
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Hardness testing
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Ductility- Bend Tests
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10.4.1 Tensile and Yield Strength T
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For design purposes, the maximum us
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Note 1 A= proportional limit, B=ela
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Tensile Testing
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Actual tensile testing plot Elastic
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Elongation is the increase in gage
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The design of items should be based
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Bend Testing
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ASTM E290- Guided bend testing
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Bend Testing
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Bend Testing
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Knoop and Vickers Hardness Tester
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http://wes.ir/files/6936303material
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Rockwell hardness testing differs f
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Vickers hardness testing follows th
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http://www.twi-global.com/technical
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The type of notch and the impact te
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Online Metallurgy Course: http://ww
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Online Metallurgy Course http://210
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Online Metallurgy Course-Steel Maki
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Steels - The Structure of Engineeri
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Steels - The Structure of Engineeri
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Crystal Structures
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Phase Diagram
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Austenite
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This is a hypereutectoid alloy and
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Pearlite Pearlite is a phase mixtur
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This steel is of the eutectoid comp
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http://www.gowelding.com/met/carbon
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Martensite https://www.flickr.com/s
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Martensite https://www.flickr.com/s
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Bainite If the steel is cooled such
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FIGURE 2. The TTT diagram for aisi
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Bainite https://www.flickr.com/sear
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R e 0.2% Yield strength is the amou
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http://www.gowelding.com/weld/prehe
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End of reading! http://oregonstate.
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Preheating
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Charpy impact testing
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Elevated mechanical property testin
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Further Reading
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Quiz 1) See the figure below for po
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c) 50% coarse pearlite + 25% bainit
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10.9 WELDABILITY OF STEELS
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Weldability is related to many fact
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The addition of carbon generally ma
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Typically, ■ ■ ■ Steels with
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The simplest weldability tests are
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Weldability Test- Cruciform testing
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Another approach to measuring susce
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10.10 WELDABILITY OF HIGH-ALLOYS Th
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Hot Shortness: • solidification c
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Ferrite Meter
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Coefficients of Linear Thermal Expa
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Sensitized Austenitic SS Common to
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Weld Decay http://www.corrosionclin
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Inert Backing Gas
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Inert Backing Gas
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Inert Backing Gas
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Inert Backing Gas http://www.foodpr
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Inert Backing Gas
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Inert Backing Gas http://www.juncti
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Inert Backing Gas
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Inert Backing Gas
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One of the main differences between
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Sluggish tendency- LOF
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Wider Bevel Angle & Thinner Root Fa
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Nickel Welding: The faster a nickel
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Content: 11 REFINERY AND PETROCHEMI
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11.2 HOT TAPPING AND IN-SERVICE WEL
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Hot Tapping
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Hot Tapping
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Hot Tapping
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Hot Tapping
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Hot Tapping
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Burn Through
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11.2.1 Electrode Considerations Hot
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Cellulosic type electrodes (e.g., E
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If the normal flow of liquids excee
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Points to consider: Is it 36” or
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Case Study: 1. Is it 36” or great
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Case Study: Is it 36” or greater
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Case Study: Is it 36” or greater
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Case Study: Is it 36” or greater
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Case Study: Is it 36” or greater
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11.2.3 Other Considerations To avoi
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11.2.4 Inspection Inspection tasks
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GMAW-S LOF
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Due to this inherent nature of the
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The quick freeze characteristic, wh
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Hazards
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Mechanical Integrity
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Happy Inspectors
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ICP Status http://myicp.api.org/Dir